Haunted by Atrocity

by Cloyd, Benjamin G.

Weber, Max. Essays in Sociology. Translated and edited by H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946.

  Weeks, Jim. Gettysburg: Memory, Market, and an American Shrine. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003.

  Wiebe, Robert H. The Search for Order 1877–1920. New York: Hill & Wang, 1967.

  Winslow, Hattie Lou, and Joseph R. H. Moore. Camp Morton, 1861–1865: Indianapolis Prison Camp. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1940. Reprint, Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1995.

  Woodworth, Steven E., ed. The Loyal, True, and Brave: America’s Civil War Soldiers. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 2002.

  ——. While God Is Marching On: The Religious World of Civil War Soldiers. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001.

  Zunz, Olivier. Making America Corporate, 1870–1920. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1990.

  Articles, Book Chapters, and Book Reviews

  Babbitt, Bruce. “Foreword.” In Rally on the High Ground: The National Park Service Symposium on the Civil War, edited by Robert K. Sutton, v–vii. New York: Eastern National, 2001.

  Blair, William. “Foreword.” In Civil War Prisons: A Study in War Psychology, by William Hesseltine, ix–xxi. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1998.

  Boney, F. N. Review of Andersonville: The Last Depot, by William Marvel. Journal of American History 82 (September 1995): 749–50.

  Bonner, James C. “War Crimes Trials, 1865–1867.” Social Science 22 (April 1947): 128–34.

  Boyles, Fred. “The Evolution of the National Prisoner of War Museum.” In National Prisoner of War Museum Andersonville, Georgia Dedication April 9, 1998, 7–10. N.p.: privately printed, 1998.

  Breeden, James O. “A Medical History of the Later Stages of the Atlanta Campaign.” Journal of Southern History 35 (February 1969): 31–59.

  Burrows, Edwin G. “Patriots or Terrorists? The Lost Story of Revolutionary POWS.” American Heritage 58 (Fall 2008): 54–62.

  Bush, David R. “Interpreting the Latrines of the Johnson’s Island Civil War Military Prison.” Historical Archeology 34, no. 1 (2000): 62–78.

  Byrne, Frank L. “Libby Prison: A Study in Emotions.” Journal of Southern History 24 (November 1958): 430–44.

  ——. Review of Andersonville: The Last Depot, by William Marvel. Civil War History 41 (June 1995): 169–71.

  Catton, Bruce. “Prison Camps of the Civil War.” American Heritage 10 (August 1959): 4–13, 96–97.

  Chesson, Michael B. Review of General John H. Winder, C.S.A, by Arch F. Blakey. Journal of Southern History 58 (August 1992): 543.

  Coakley, R. Walter. Review of Foreigners in the Confederacy, by Ella Lonn. William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine 22 (January 1942): 75–80.

  Collins, Kathleen. “Living Skeletons; Carte-de-visite Propaganda in the American Civil War.” History of Photography 12 (April—June 1988): 103–20.

  Connelly, Thomas L. Review of History of Andersonville Prison, by Ovid Futch. Journal of American History 55 (March 1969): 870–71.

  Coulter, E. Merton. “Amnesty for All except Jefferson Davis: The Hill-Blaine Debate of 1876.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 56 (Winter 1972): 453–94.

  ——. “What the South Has Done about Its History.” Journal of Southern History 2 (February 1936): 3–28.

  Davis, Robert S. “‘Near Andersonville’: An Historical Note on Civil War Legend and Reality.” Journal of African American History 92 (Winter 2007): 96–105.

  ——. Review of A Perfect Picture of Hell, by Ted Genoways and Hugh H. Geno-ways. Journal of Military History 66 (January 2002): 211.

  Edgar, Walter B. Review of Andersonville: The Last Depot, by William Marvel. Journal of Southern History 62 (February 1996): 156–57.

  Faust, Drew Gilpin. “The Civil War Soldier and the Art of Dying.” Journal of Southern History 67 (February 2001): 3–38.

  Friedel, Frank. “General Orders 100 and Military Government.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 32 (March 1946): 541–56.

  Futch, Ovid. “Andersonville Raiders.” Civil War History 2 (December 1956): 47–60.

  Garfield, James. “Speech of Gen. Garfield at the Andersonville Reunion at Toledo, Ohio, October 3, 1879.” In Sergeant Oaks, Prison Life in Dixie, 199–205. Chicago: Central Book Concern, 1880. Reprint, Scituate, Mass.: Digital Scanning, 1999.

  Gillespie, James M. “Post-war Mythmaking: The Case of the POWs.” North & South 6 (April 2003): 40–49.

  Gordon-Burr, Leslie J. “Storms of Indignation: The Art of Andersonville as Post-war Propaganda.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 75 (Fall 1991): 587–600.

  Gray, Michael. “Elmira, a City on a Prison Camp Contract.” Civil War History 45 (Spring 2000): 322–38.

  Hannaford, Katherine W. “Culture versus Commerce: The Libby Prison Museum and the Image of Chicago, 1889–1899.” Ecumene 8 (July 2001): 284–316.

  Harmon, J. Scott. “Evolution of an Exhibition.” In National Prisoner of War Museum Andersonville, Georgia Dedication April 9, 1998, 18–21. N.p.: privately printed, 1998.

  Hart, Kerry M. “Andersonville: Lessons for Today’s Managers.” In Andersonville Prison: Lessons in Organizational Failure, edited by Joseph P. Cangemi and Casimir J. Kowalski, 63–80. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1992.

  Hassler, Warren W. , Jr. Review of History of Andersonville Prison, by Ovid Futch. American Historical Review 74 (April 1969): 1374–75.

  Haverlin, Carl. Review of Andersonville, by MacKinlay Kantor. Civil War History 1 (December 1955): 431–34.

  Hay, Thomas Robson. Review of Civil War Prisons: A Study in War Psychology, by William B. Hesseltine. American Historical Review 36 (January 1931): 455–56.

  Hesseltine, William B. “Andersonville Revisited.” Georgia Review 10 (Spring 1956): 92–100.

  ——. “Civil War Prisons—Introduction.” In Civil War Prisons, edited by William Hesseltine, 5–8. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1962. Reprint, Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1995.

  ——. “The Propaganda Literature of Confederate Prisons.” Journal of Southern History 1 (February-November 1935): 56–66.

  Hitchcock, Wayne. “The Coin That Made the Museum Possible.” In National Prisoner of War Museum Andersonville, Georgia Dedication April 9, 1998, 15–16. N.p.: privately printed, 1998.

  Hyman, Harold M. “Civil War Turncoats: A Commentary on a Military View of Lincoln’s War Prisoner Utilization Program.” Military Affairs 22 (Autumn 1958): 134–38.

  Jones, Virgil Carrington. “Libby Prison Break.” Civil War History 4 (June 1958): 93–104.

  Keen, Nancy Travis. “Confederate Prisoners of War at Fort Delaware.” Delaware History 13 (April 1968): 1–27.

  Klee, Bruce. “They Paid to Enter Libby Prison.” Civil War Times Illustrated 37 (February 1999): 32–38.

  Laska, Lewis L., and James M. Smith. “‘Hell and the Devil’: Andersonville and the Trial of Captain Henry Wirz, C. S. A., 1865.” Military Law Review 68 (1975): 77–132.

  Linderman, Gerald F. “Battle in Two Wars: The Combat Soldier’s Perspective.” In War Comes Again, edited by Gabor Boritt, 83–99. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

  Long, Roger. “Northern Comment: The Truth about Andersonville Prison.” Blue & Gray 3 (December—January 1985–86): 22–28.

  Luthin, Reinhard H. “Some Demagogues in American History.” American Historical Review 57 (October 1951): 22–46.

  ——. “Waving the Bloody Shirt: Northern Political Tactics in Post-Civil War Times.” Georgia Review 14 (Spring 1960): 64–71.

  Mahood, Wayne. Review of Andersonville: The Southern Perspective, edited by J. H. Segars, and Andersonville, screenplay by David W. Rintels. Civil War History 42 (September 1996): 277–78.

  “Major Henry Wirz.” William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine 27 (January 1919): 145–53.

  Mangum, A. W. “History of the Salisbury, N. C., Confederate Prison.” Publications of the Southern History Association 3 (1899): 30
7–36.

  Marvel, William. “Johnny Ransom’s Imagination.” Civil War History 41 (September 1995): 181–89.

  McConnell, Carla. “The Architecture of the National Prisoner of War Museum,” in National Prisoner of War Museum Andersonville, Georgia Dedication April 9, 1998, 13–14. N.p.: privately printed, 1998.

  McMurry, Richard M. Review of Images from the Storm, by Robert K. Sneden. Journal of Military History 66 (April 2002): 564–65.

  Meyer, William B. “The Selling of Libby Prison.” American Heritage 45 (November 1994): 114–18.

  Miller, Robert E. “War within Walls: Camp Chase and the Search for Administrative Reform.” Ohio History 96 (Winter—Spring 1987): 33–56.

  Mitchell, Reid. “‘Our Prison System, Supposing We Had Any’: The Confederate and Union Prison Systems.” In On the Road to Total War: The American Civil War and the German Wars of Unification, 1861–1871, edited by Stig Forster and Jorg Nagler, 565–85. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

  Morseberger, Robert E., and Katharine M. Morseberger. “After Andersonville: The First War Crimes Trial.” Civil War Times Illustrated 13 (July 1974): 30–40.

  O’Leary, Cecilia E. “Blood Brotherhood: The Racialization of Patriotism, 1865—1918.” In Bonds of Affection: Americans Define Their Patriotism, edited by John Bodnar, 53–81. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996.

  Peoples, Morgan. “‘The Scapegoat of Andersonville’: Union Execution of Confederate Captain Henry Wirz.” North Louisiana Historical Association Journal 11 (Fall 1980): 3–18.

  Petersen, William J., ed. “Iowa at Andersonville.” Palimpsest 42 (June 1961): 209–81.

  Radford, Tim. “The Visual Story.” In National Prisoner of War Museum Andersonville, Georgia Dedication April 9, 1998, 22–24. N.p.: privately printed, 1998.

  Ramsdell, Charles W. Review of Civil War Prisons: A Study in War Psychology, by William B. Hesseltine. Mississippi Valley Historical Review 17 (December 1930): 480–81.

  Robertson, James I., Jr. “Houses of Horror: Danville’s Civil War Prisons.” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 69 (July 1961): 329–45.

  ——. “The Scourge of Elmira.” In Civil War Prisons, ed. William B. Hesseltine, 80–97. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1962. Reprint, Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1995.

  Robins, Glenn M. “Race, Repatriation, and Galvanized Rebels: Union Prisoners and the Exchange Question in Deep South Prison Camps.” Civil War History 53 (June 2007): 117–40.

  Ruffin, Edmund. “Extracts from the Diary of Edmund Ruffin.” William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine 23 (July 1914): 31–45.

  Rutman, Darrett B. “The War Crimes and Trial of Henry Wirz.” Civil War History 6 (June 1960): 117–33.

  Sanchez, Fred. “Andersonville Prisoner of War Oral History Institute: To Preserve the Legacy.” In National Prisoner of War Museum Andersonville, Georgia Dedication April 9, 1998, 31–33. N.p.: privately printed, 1998.

  Sanders, Charles W., Jr. Review of 800 Paces to Hell, by John Lynn, and To Die in Chicago, by George Levy. Journal of Southern History 66 (November 2000): 880–81.

  Scroggs, Jack B. Review of History of Andersonville Prison, by Ovid Futch. Journal of Southern History 35 (February 1969): 104–5.

  Shriver, Phillip R. Review of History of Andersonville Prison, by Ovid Futch. Civil War History 15 (March 1969): 79–80.

  Simpson, Leonard. “Construction of the National Prisoner of War Museum.” In National Prisoner of War Museum Andersonville, Georgia Dedication April 9, 1998, 11. N.p.: privately printed, 1998.

  Skolnick, Andrew. “Medicine and War: Recognizing Common Vulnerability of Friend and Foe.” Journal of the American Medical Association 265 (February 20, 1991): 834, 837.

  Steere, Edward. “Genesis of American Graves Registration.” Military Affairs 12 (Autumn 1948): 149–61.

  Stewart, Edgar. Review of Camp Morton, 1861–1865: Indianapolis Prison Camp, by Hattie Lou Winslow and Joseph R. H. Moore. American Historical Review 47 (October 1941): 198–99.

  Stibbs, John H. “Andersonville and the Trial of Henry Wirz.” Iowa Journal of History and Politics 9 (1911): 33–56.

  Summers, Mark W. Review of Andersonville, produced by David W. Rintels. Journal of American History 83 (December 1996): 1119–20.

  Tap, Bruce. “‘These Devils Are not Fit to Live on God’s Earth’: War Crimes and the Committee on the Conduct of the War, 1864–1865.” Civil War History 38 (June 1996): 116–32.

  Thompson, James W. “Southern Comment: Andersonville—Truth versus Falsehood.” Blue & Gray 3 (December—January 1985–86): 28–35.

  Thompson, Lawrence S. “The Civil War in Fiction.” Civil War History 2 (March 1956): 83–95.

  Thompson, William Y. “The U. S. Sanitary Commission.” Civil War History 2 (June 1956): 41–63.

  Tucker, Gwynn A. “Andersonville Prison: What Happened?” In Andersonville Prison: Lessons in Organizational Failure, ed. Joseph P. Cangemi and Casimir J. Kowalski, 1–34. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1992.

  Ward, Nathan. “The Time Machine.” American Heritage 41 (November 1990): 42–46.

  Watkins, T. H. “A Heritage Preserved.” American Heritage 31 (April/May 1980): 100–101.

  Weister, Polly. “Echoes of ‘Echoes’: Reflections on the Making of ‘Echoes in Captivity.’” In National Prisoner of War Museum Andersonville, Georgia Dedication April 9, 1998, 25–26. N.p.: privately printed, 1998.

  Weitz, Mark A. “Preparing for the Prodigal Sons: The Development of the Union Desertion Policy during the Civil War.” Civil War History 45 (June 1999): 99–125.

  Wiley, Bell I., ed. “Report of the Activities Committee to the Civil War Centennial Commission.” Civil War History 5 (December 1959): 374–81.

  Williamson, Hugh P. “Military Prisons in the Civil War.” Bulletin 16 (July 1960): 329–32.

  Wilson, Christopher Kent. “Winslow Homer’s Images of Blacks: The Civil War and Reconstruction Years.” Journal of American History 77 (June 1990): 246–53.

  Winther, Oscar O. Review of Camp Morton, 1861–1865: Indianapolis Prison Camp, by Hattie Lou Winslow and Joseph R. H. Moore. Journal of Southern History 7 (August 1941): 413.

  Woodward, C. Vann. Review of The Past Is a Foreign Country, by David Lowenthal. History and Theory 26 (October 1987): 346–52.

  Wubben, H. H. “American Prisoners of War in Korea: A Second Look at the ‘Something New in History’ Theme.” American Quarterly 22 (Spring 1970): 3–19.

  Audiovisual Sources

  Andersonville. VHS. Produced and directed by John Frankenheimer and David Rintels. Turner Pictures, 1996.

  Andersonville National Historic Site Self-Guided Tour CD. N.p., 2001. The Andersonville Trial. VHS. Produced and directed by George C. Scott. KCET Los Angeles, 1970.

  The Blue and the Gray. VHS. Directed by Andrew V. McLaglen. Columbia Pictures Television, 1982.

  Center for Business and Economic Development. Andersonville, Cotton, & Carter Country: CD Driving Tour. Recorded at Captive Sound Inc., Atlanta, Ga., 1998.

  Echoes of Captivity. VHS. Produced by Polly Weister. Friends of Andersonville, 1998.

  Hutchison, D. L. & Associates. The Prison Camp at Andersonville Interactive CD-ROM. Fowlerville, Mich.: Hutchinson’s Heritage Press, 1999.

  National Prisoner of War Museum. VHS. Produced by Tim Radford. Friends of Andersonville, 1998.

  Vigilantes of Love, “Andersonville,” Killing Floor. 1992.

  Unpublished Theses and Dissertations

  Boyer, Nathan G. “Prisoners of War: Policy and Consequence in the American Civil War.” M.A. thesis, California State University, Fresno, 2000.

  Chappo, John F. “Into the Valley of the Shadow: Governmental Policy, Camp Life, and Postbellum Remembrance of the American Civil War Prisoner-of-War System.” M.A. thesis, University of Southern Mississippi, 2000.

  Cloyd, Benjamin. “Prisoners of a New Bureaucracy: Organizational Failure at Andersonville and Elmira Prisons
during the Civil War.” M.A. thesis, Louisiana State University, 2000.

  Gardner, Douglas G. “Andersonville and American Memory: Civil War Prisoners and Narratives of Suffering and Redemption.” Ph.D. diss., Miami University, 1998.

  Hunter, Leslie G. “Warden for the Union: General William Hoffman (1807–1884).” Ph.D. diss., University of Arizona, 1971.

  Klemm, Amy L. “A Shared Captivity: Inmates and Guards in the Texas Military Prison System, 1863–1865.” M.A. thesis, University of Houston, 1997.

  Koerting, Gayla. “The Trial of Henry Wirz and Nineteenth-Century Military Law.” Ph.D. diss., Kent State University, 1995.

  Kubalanza, Joan Marie G. “A Comparative Study of Conditions at Two Civil War Prison Camps: Camp Douglas, Chicago, Illinois and Camp Sumpter, Andersonville, Georgia.” M.A. thesis, DePaul University, 1979.

  Oberlaender, Michaela. “William J. Thompson’s Andersonville Memorial: Historical Precedents and Contemporary Context.” M.A. thesis, University of Georgia 1993.

  Panhorst, Michael W. “Lest We Forget: Monuments and Memorial Sculpture in National Military Parks on Civil War Battlefields, 1861–1917.” Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1988.

  Parker, Elizabeth Leonard. “The Civil War Career of Henry Wirz and Its Aftermath.” M.A. thesis, University of Georgia, 1948.

  Roberts, Nancy A. “The Afterlife of Civil War Prisons and Their Dead.” Ph.D. diss., University of Oregon, 1996.

  Smithpeters, Jeff. “‘To the Latest Generation’: Cold War and Post Cold War U.S. Civil War Novels in Their Social Contexts.” Ph.D. diss., Louisiana State University, 2005.

  Thomas, Eugene M., III. “Prisoner of War Exchange during the American Civil War.” Ph.D. diss., Auburn University, 1976.

  INDEX

  Abu Ghraib, 182

  African Americans: POW experience in Civil War, 8–9

  role in exchange breakdown, 9–10, 19, 65–66, 69, 122

  resentment of by white POWs, 19

  during Reconstruction, 40, 51. See also Emancipationist memory

  Alabama Historical Quarterly, 137

  Alton Penitentiary (Union prison site), 41. See also Monuments (at Union prison sites)