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The Black Death

Page 41

by Philip Ziegler


  6 F. Seebohm, ‘The Population of England before the Black Death’, Fortnightly Review, Vol. IV, 1866, pp. 87–9.

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  408

  7 J. C. Russell, op. cit. p. 246.

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  409

  8 ibid., pp. 22–33.

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  410

  9 G. C. Homans, English Villagers of the Thirteenth Century, op. cit., pp. 209–12.

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  411

  10 J. Z. Titow, op. cit., p. 222.

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  412

  11 J. Krause, ‘The Mediaeval Household: Large or Small’, Econ. Hist. Rev., 2nd Ser., Vol. IX, 1957, p. 432.

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  413

  12 G. R. Elton, The Practice of History, Sydney, 1967, p. 34.

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  414

  13 J. C. Russell, ‘Recent Advances in Mediaeval Demography’, Speculum, Vol. XL, No. 1, 1965, p. 84.

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  415

  14 Black Death, op. cit., p. 225.

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  416

  15 p. 131 above.

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  417

  16 ‘Registers of the Bishop of Lincoln’ and ‘Pestilences of the 14th Century in the Diocese of York’, op. cit.

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  418

  17 PhD. thesis, op. cit., p. 126, n. 22, above.

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  419

  18 p. 132 above.

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  420

  19 op. cit., p. 221.

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  421

  20 E. Robo, ‘The Black Death in the Hundred of Farnham’, Eng. Hist. Rev., Vol. XLIV, 1929, p. 560.

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  422

  21 P. D. A. Harvey, A Mediaeval Oxfordshire Village: Cuxham, op. cit., p. 135.

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  423

  22 F. M. Page, The Estates of Cropland Abbey, Cambridge, 1934, p. 125.

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  424

  23 A. E. Levett, ‘The Black Death on the Estates of the See of Winchester’, Oxford Studies in Social and Legal History, Vol. V, Oxford, 1916, pp. 80–81.

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  425

  24 op. cit., p. 216.

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  426

  25 ibid., p. 367.

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  427

  26 Y. Renouard, ‘Conséquences et intérêt démographique de la Peste Noire de 1348’, Population, III, 1948, p. 459.

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  428

  27 A. Doren, Storia Economica dell’ Italia nel Medio Evo, Padua, 1937. p. 579.

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  429

  1 E. R. Hume, History of England, Vol. II, London, 1796, p. 448.

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  430

  2 R. Henry, The History of Great Britain, Vol. VII, London, 1788, p. 246.

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  431

  3 J. R. Green, History of the English People, Vol. 1, London, 1877, pp. 429–30.

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  432

  4 E. Friedell, Kulturgesicht der Neuzit, Vol. 1, Munich, 1927, p. 62.

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  433

  5 G. M. Trevelyan, English Social History, London, 1942, P. XI.

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  434

  6 J. Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Vol. 1, Oxford, 1866.

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  435

  7 Greenwood, Epidemics and Crowd Disease, op. cit., p. 291. Cf. J. M. W. Bean, ‘Plague Population and Economic Decline in England in the later Middle Ages’, Econ. Hist. Rev., 2nd Ser., Vol. XV, 1963, pp. 427–8.

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  436

  8 R. S. Roberts, ‘The Place of Plague in English History’, Proc. Roy. Soc.Med.(Hist.Med.), Vol. 59, 1966, p. 101.

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  437

  9 Thorold Rogers, for instance, argued that England could not have supported a population of more than 2½ million. Fortnightly Review, Vol. II, 1865, pp. 191–6.

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  438

  10 P. Vinogradoff, Review of ‘The End of Villainage in England’ by T. W. Page, Eng. Hist. Rev., Vol. XV, 1900, p. 776.

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  439

  11 A. E. Levett, The Black Death on the Estates of the See of Winchester, Oxford, 1916, p. 63.

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  440

  12 Black Death, op. cit., p. 46.

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  441

  13 J. T. Rogers, op. cit., p. 265.

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  442

  14 P. D. A. Harvey, A Mediaeval Oxfordshire Village: Cuxham, Oxford, 1965, App. IV.

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  443

  15 V.C.H. Middlesex, Vol. II, p. 80.

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  444

  16 J. T. Rogers, op. cit., Chapter XV.

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  445

  17 Levett, op. cit., p. 100.

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  446

  18 W. Beveridge, ‘Wages in the Winchester Manors’, Econ. Hist. Rev.,Vol. VII, 1936–7, p. 26.

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  447

  19 W. Beveridge, ‘Westminster Wages in the Manorial Era’, Econ. Hist. Rev., 2nd Ser., Vol. VIII, 1955, p. 18.

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  448

  20 Knighton, op. cit., p. 62.

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  449

  21 J. T. Rogers, op. cit., passim.

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  450

  22 E. Robo, op. cit., p. 149 above.

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  451

  23 Eynsham Cartulary, op. cit., p. 140 above.

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  452

  24 F. G. Davenport, The Economic Development of a Norfolk Manor, Cambridge, 1906, pp. 70–72.

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  453

  25 E. Lipson, Economic History of England, Vol. 1, London, 1945, p. 92.

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  454

  26 B. H. Putnam, Enforcement of the Statute of Labourers, New York, 1908, p. 91.

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  455

  27 ibid, p. 223.

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  456

  28 G. A. Holmes, The Estates of the Higher Nobility…, op. cit., pp. 90–92.

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  457

  29 M. McKisack, The Fourteenth Century, op. cit., p. 324.

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  458

  30 T. W. Page, ‘The End of Villainage in England’, Publications of the American Economic Association, 3rd Ser., Vol. 1, 1900, p. 39.

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  459

  31 F. Pollock and F. W. Maitland, ‘History of English Law’, Eng. Hist.Rev.Vol. I, p. 166.

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  460

  32 K. G. Feiling, ‘An Essex Manor in the 14th Century’, Eng. Hist Rev., Vol. XXVI, 1911, p. 333.

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  461

  33 H. L. Gray, ‘The Commutation of Villain Services in England before the Black Death.’ Eng. Hist. Rev. Vol. XXIX 1914, p. 625.

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  462

  34 A. E. Levett, op. cit., pp.159–60.

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  463

  35 A. Ballard, The Manors of Witney, Brightwell and Downton, Oxford, 1916, pp. 181–204.

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  464

  36 J. A. Raftis, Estates of Ramsey Abbey, Toronto, 1957, p. 251.

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  465

  37 P. D. A. Harvey, op. cit., p. 85.

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  466

  38 M. Postan, ‘The Chronology of Labour Services’, Trans. Roy. Hist. Soc., 4th Ser., Vol XX, 1937, pp. 185–6.

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  467

  39 V.C.H. Middlesex, Vol. II, p. 80.

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  468

  40 J. T. Rogers, op. cit., Chapter XV.

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  469

  41 pp. 243–4 above.
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  470

  42 Eulogium (Historiarum sive Temporis), ed. F. S. Haydon, R.S. 9, III, pp. 213–14.

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  471

  43 P. Vinogradoff, Eng. Hist. Rev., Vol. XV, 1900, p. 779.

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  472

  44 Knighton, op. cit., p. 64.

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  473

  45 B. H. Putnam, op. cit., passim.

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  474

  46 L. F. Salzmann, English Industries of the Middle Ages, London, 1913.

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  475

  47 A. E. Levett, op. cit., p. 134.

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  476

  48 A. Reville, Le Soulèvement des Travailleurs d’Angleterre en 1381, Paris, 1898. Introduction by C. Petit-Dutaillis, p. XXXVII.

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  477

  49 R. H. Hilton, ‘Peasant Movements in England Before 1381’, Econ. Hist.Rev.,2nd Ser., Vol. II, 1949, p. 117.

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  478

  50 A. E. Levett, op. cit., p. 159.

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  479

  51 P. Vinogradoff, Eng. Hist. Rev., Vol. XV, 1900, p. 779.

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  480

  52 e.g. F. Lutge, ‘Das 14/15 Jahrhundert in der Sozial und Wirtschaftsgeschichte’, Jahrbücher f. Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Vol. 162, 1950, pp. 161–213; and E. Kelter, ‘Das deutsche Wirtschaftsleben des 14 und 15 Jahrhunderts in Schatten der Pestepidemien’, ibid., Vol. 165, 1953, pp. 161–208.

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  481

  1 Campbell, op. cit., p. 162, (Grenoble, Vercelli, Reggio and Naples).

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  482

  2 A. F. Leach, The Schools of Medieval England, London, 1915, p. 197.

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  483

  3 W. A. Pantin, The English Church and the Continent: The Later Middle Ages, London, 1959, p. 3.

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  484

  4 Hastings Rashdall, The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages(ed. Powicke and Emden), Oxford, 1936, Vol. III, p. 317.

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  485

  5 Hist. MSS. Comm., Vth Report App. (1874), p. 450.

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  486

  6 V.C.H. Oxfordshire, Vol. III, p. 154.

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  487

  7 J. E. T. Rogers, Six Centuries of Work and Wages, op. cit., p. 224.

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  488

  8 E. Power, The Wool Trade in English Mediaeval History, Oxford, 1941, p. 35.

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  489

  9 E. Prior, Cathedral Builders, London, 1905, p. 130.

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  490

  10 Prior and Gardner, Medieval Figure Sculpture in England, London, 1912, p. 390.

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  491

  11 R. Crawfurd, Plague and Pestilence in Literature and Art, op. cit., pp. 130–31.

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  492

  12 J. Harvey, Gothic England, London, 1947, p. 40.

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  493

  1 Wilkins, Concilia, ii, pp. 735–6.

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  494

  2 Willelmi de Dene, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 375.

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  495

  3 Stephen Birchington, op. cit., p. 42.

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  496

  4 Harl. M.S. 6965. fol. 145.

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  497

  5 Gasquet, op. cit., p. 239.

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  498

  6 Historical Papers from Northern Registers, R.S. 61, p. 401.

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  499

  7 Knighton, op. cit., p. 63.

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  500

  8 Black Death, op. cit., pp. 39–41.

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  501

  9 p. 131 above.

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  502

  10 Knighton, op. cit., p. 63.

 

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