The Weaker Vessel: Women's Lot in Seventeenth-Century England

by Antonia Fraser

  Rutland, John Manners (i)th Earl and (ii)st Duke of (Lord Roos), (iii), (iv)

  Ruvigny, Rachel de (Countess of Southampton), (i)

  Rye House Plot, (i), (ii)

  Sacks, Oliver, (i)n

  Sackville-West, V., (i)

  Saint-Cyr (school), (i)

  Saint-Evremond, (i)

  St James’s Palace, (i), (ii)

  St John, Oliver, (i)

  St Lawrence’s Church, Appleby, (i)

  St Omer, (i)

  St Paul’s School, (i)

  Salisbury, William Cecil (i)nd Earl of, (ii), (iii)

  Salmon, Mrs, (i)

  Sanderson, Sir William, (i)

  Sandwich, Edward Montagu (i)st Earl of, (ii), (iii)

  Sandwich, Jemima Countess of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Saunders, Isabella (Dame Isabella Twysden), (i)

  Saunders, Mary see Betterton, Mary

  Savage, Lady Catherine (Lady Catherine Sedley), (i), (ii)

  Savile, Lady Anne (Nan), (i), (ii)

  Savile, Lady Betty, (i), (ii)

  Savile, Harry, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Savoy, Ambassador of, (i)

  Savoy Hospital, (i)

  Sawrey, Colonel Roger, (i)

  Say, Rev. Samuel, (i), (ii)

  Scarborough Castle, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Scarsdale, Lord, (i)

  Schismatick Sifted, The (Vicars), (i)

  scolding and brawling women, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Scot, Reginald, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Scott, Catherine (Catherine Goring), (i)

  Scott, Edward, (i)

  Scott, John, (i)

  Scott, Thomas, (i)

  Scourge of Civil War and the Blessing of Peace, The (pamphlet), (i), (ii)

  Scroope, Sir Carr, (i), (ii)

  Scroope, Lt-General Emmanuel, (i)

  Scudamore, Sir John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Scudèry, Mile de, (i)

  Secret Love or The Maiden Queen (Dryden), (i)

  Sedley, Catherine (Countess of Dorchester), (i), (ii)

  Sedley, Sir Charles, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Sedley, Sir John, (i)

  Selden, John, (i)

  sequestration, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Committee of (Goldsmith’s Hall), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Kent County Committee, (ix), (x); Central Committee (Westminster), (xi), (xii); Buckinghamshire Committee, (xiii), (xiv), (xv)

  Sermon, Dr William, (i), (ii)

  servants, (i), (ii), (iii); Dorothy Denne’s clandestine relationship with William Taylor, (iv); marriages of, (v), (vi), (vii); education of, (viii), (ix); sexual liaisons with, (x), (xi); wages of, (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv); in Civil War, (xvi), (xvii), (xviii); male servants and franchise, (xix); gentlewomen companions, (xx), (xxi); Pepys’s problems with, (xxii); French attendants, (xxiii)

  Sévigné, Madame de, (i), (ii)

  sex, (i), (ii), (iii); female orgasm, (iv), (v); contraception, (vi), (vii); considered dangerous when breast-feeding, (viii); with servants, (ix), (x); sexual licence, (xi); see also pregnancy; prostitution

  Shadwell, Anne, (i)

  Shadwell, Thomas, (i)

  Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper (i)st Earl of, (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Shakespeare, William, (i), (ii)

  Shannon, Francis Boyle (i)st Viscount, (ii)

  Sharp, Jane (midwife), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Shaw, Mrs Hester, (i), (ii)

  Sheppard, Luce, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Sherard, Alice, (i)

  Sherborne, (i)

  Shoemaker’s Holiday, The (Dekker), (i)

  Shore, Jane, (i)

  Sidney, Lady Dorothy see Sunderland, Dorothy Countess of

  Sidney, Henry, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Sidney, Sir Philip, (i)

  Sidney, Sir Robert, (i)

  siege warfare, (i)th-century rules of, (ii), (iii)

  Siege of Rhodes, The (Davenant), (i), (ii)

  Sim, Agnes, (i)

  Simmonds, Martha, (i)

  Simpson, John, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Simpson, Thomas, (i), (ii)

  Simson, Widow, (i)

  singing see under accomplishments

  Sion’s Lamentation (Davies), (i)

  Sir Patient Fancy (Behn), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Skippon, Major-General, (i)

  Slingsby, Sir Henry, (i)

  Sloane, Sir Hans, (i)

  smallpox, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Smith, Colonel, (i)

  Smith, Mary, (i)

  Smythe, Robert, (i), (ii)

  Society of Friends see Quakers

  soldiers, women as, (i), (ii), (iii)

  ‘solicitors’, (i), (ii); Lady Cholmley, (iii); Dame Isabella Twysden, (iv); Mary Lady Verney, (v); Elizabeth Lilburne, (vi); Rachel Lady Russell, (vii); see also preachers

  Somerset, Charles Seymour (i)th Duke of, (ii)

  Somerset, Duchess of see Percy, Lady Elizabeth

  Somerset, Frances Countess of (Countess of Essex), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Somerset, Lady Henrietta, (i)

  Somerset, Robert Car (i)st Earl of, (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Sophia, Electress of Hanover, (i), (ii)

  souls, women’s disputed lack of, (i), (ii); see also women, inferiority of

  Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley (i)th Earl of, (ii)

  Southampton House, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Southerne, Thomas, (i)

  Southernes, Elizabeth, (i)

  Spencer, Lady Dorothy (Countess of Halifax), (i)

  Spender, Dale, (i)n

  Spenser, Edmund, (i)

  spies, women as, (i), (ii)

  spinsters, (i), (ii); lack of position in society, (iii), (iv); as royalist delinquents, (v); right to vote, (vi)

  Spiritual Thrift (Warren), (i)

  Sprint, Rev, Mr, (i)

  Stafford, Anthony, (i)

  Stanley, Lady Katherine see Dorchester, Marchioness of

  Stanley, Lady Mary, (i), (ii)

  Star, Mrs, (i)

  Star Chamber, the, (i), (ii)

  Stationers’ Company, the, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Stearne, John, (i), (ii)

  Steward, Mr, (i)

  Stewkeley, Carr see Verney, Cary

  Stewkeley, John, (i), (ii)

  Stewkeley, Ursula, (i)

  Stidecombe House, (i)

  Stone, George, (i)

  Stone, Lawrence, (i)

  Stone, Nicholas, (i)

  Stonier, Alice, (i)

  Stonier, Thomas, (i)

  Stout, William, (i), (ii)

  Strafford, Earl of, (i)

  Strong, James, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Stuart, Lady Arbella, (i)

  Stuart, James Edward see James Edward

  Suckling, John, (i)

  Suffolk, Katherine Countess of, (i)

  suffrage see female suffrage

  Sunderland, Anne Countess of (Lady Anne Digby), (i), (ii)

  Sunderland, Dorothy Countess of (Lady Dorothy Sidney), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Sunderland, Henry Spencer (i)st Earl of, (ii)

  Sunderland, Robert Spencer (i)nd Earl of, (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Sussex, Edward Radcliffe (i)th Earl of, (ii), (iii)

  Sussex, Eleanor Countess of (Eleanor Wortley, Lady Lee, later Countess of Warwick), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Sussex, James Savile (i)nd Earl of, (ii)

  Sussex, Anne Countess of, (i)

  Swan, John, (i)

  Swarthmoor Hall, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Swetnam, Joseph, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Swift, Jonathan, (i)

  Sydenham, Thomas, (i)

  Tanfield, Elizabeth (Viscountess Falkland), (i)

  Tanfield, Lawrence, (i)

  Tate, Nahum, (i)

  Taverner, Mary, (i)

  Taylor, Jeremy, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Taylor, William, (i)

  Temple, Anne, (i), (ii)

  Temple, William, (i), (ii)
, (iii), (iv)

  Teresa, of Avila, St, (i)

  Thanet, Countess of (‘lovely Celimena’), (i)

  theatre see actresses

  Theatre Royal, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Thomas, Grace, (i)

  Thomas, Keith, (i)

  Thornton, Alice (Alice Wandesford), (i)&n, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Thornton, Rev. John, (i)

  Thornton, ‘Naly’, (i), (ii)

  Thornton, William, (i)

  Thouars, Duc de, (i)

  Three Hours after Marriage (Pope, Arbuthnot and Gay), (i)

  Thynne, Lady Isabella (Lady Isabella Rich), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Thynne, Sir James, (i)

  Thynne, Lady, (i)

  Thynne, Thomas, (i)

  Tillotson, Archbishop, (i)

  Tilly, John, (i)

  Timperley, Lady, (i)

  Tirrell, Miss, (i)

  ’Tis Pity She’s a Whore (Ford), (i)

  To Dr – An Answer to his Queries … (Cellier), (i)

  Tokey, Rev, Mr, (i)

  Tollemache, Sir Lionel, (i)

  Tollemache, William, (i)

  Tom of all Trades (Powell), (i)

  toothbrushes, (i)

  Topp, Mrs Elizabeth, (i)

  Torrington, Arthur Herbert (i)st Earl of, (ii)

  Tower of London, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Towes, Adrian, (i)

  Town-Fop, or Sir Timothy Tawdrey, The (Behn), (i), (ii)

  Trapnel, Anna, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Travers, Ann, (i)

  Treatise of Magistracy, A (Mary Pope), (i)

  Trembles, Mary, (i)

  Trent, Council of, (i), (ii)

  Trevor, Mark, (i)

  Trotter, Catherine, (i)

  Tunbridge Wells, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Turkey, (i), (ii); Sultan Mahomet IV, (iii), (iv); Vizier of, (v), (vi)

  Tuscany, Grand Duke of, (i)

  Twysden, Lady Anne (Lady Anne Finch), (i), (ii)

  Twysden, Charles, (i), (ii)

  Twysden, Elizabeth see Cholmley, Elizabeth Lady

  Twysden, Dame Isabella (Isabella Saunders), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Twysden, Sir Roger, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Twysden, Roger (son), (i)

  Twysden, Sir William, (i)

  Tyrrell, James, (i)

  Tyndale, William, (i)

  Unhappy Favourite, The (Banks), (i)

  United Company, The, (i), (ii)

  unmarried women see spinsters

  Uphill, Mrs, (i)

  Upsheer, Martha, (i)

  Upton, Ann, (i)

  Urban VIII, Pope, (i)

  Vanbrugh, Sir John, (i), (ii)

  Van Dyck, Sir Anthony, (i), (ii)

  Van Helmont, F.M., (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Van Schurman, Anna, (i)

  Vaughan, Lord, (i)

  Vaughan, Mr, (i)

  Vavasour, Sir William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Venables, General, (i)

  Venables, Mrs, (i)

  venereal disease, (i)

  Venice Preserv’d (Otway), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Venner, Thomas, (i)

  Vere, Aubrey de, (i)

  Vere of Tilbury, Lord, (i)

  Verney, Betty (Betty Adams, sister of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Verney, Cary (Cary Gardiner, later Stewkeley, sister of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Verney, Sir Edmund (father of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Verney, Edmund (‘Mun’, son of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Verney, Henry, (i)

  Verney, John (Jack, son of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Verney, Dame Margaret (mother of Sir Ralph), (i)

  Verney, Mary Lady (Mary Blacknall, wife of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); marriage to Ralph Verney, (ix); and deaths of her children, (x), (xi); selects a wet-nurse for her son, (xii); appeals against sequestration, (xiii); death of, (xiv)

  Verney, Mary (wife of Edmund ‘Mun’), (i)

  Verney, Molly (sister of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii)

  Verney, Molly (‘Little Molly’, daughter of Edmund ‘Mun’), (i), (ii)

  Verney, Peg (Peg Elmes, sister of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Verney, Pegg (daughter of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Verney, Pen (sister of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Verney, Sir Ralph, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii); marriage to Mary Blacknall, (xiii); views on Nancy Denton’s education, (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii); views on nursing, (xviii); exile and sequestration of his estate, (xix); and death of his wife, (xx)

  Verney, Ralph (son of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Verney, Sue (sister of Sir Ralph), (i), (ii)

  Verney family, (i), (ii)

  Verney letters, (i)n

  Vicars, John, (i), (ii)

  Villiers, George see Buckingham (i)st Duke of

  Villiers, George see Buckingham (i)nd Duke of

  Villiers, Sir John see Purbeck, Viscount

  Villiers, Robert see Wright, Robert

  Villiers, ‘Su’ see Denbigh, Countess of

  Virgin Mary, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  virginity, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Virgin’s Pattern, The (Batchiler), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Virgin Troops (Maiden Troops), (i)

  Virginia, (i), (ii)

  Virtuoso, The (Shadwell), (i)

  vizard masks, (i), (ii)

  Voice for the King of Saints (Trapnel), (i)

  Vyner, Mary Lady, (i)

  Vyner, Sir Robert, (i), (ii)

  wages: of dairymaids, (i); of servants, (ii), (iii), (iv); of nurses, (v); of prostitutes, (vi); of actresses, (vii); of midwives, (viii), (ix)

  Wakeley, Anne, (i)

  Walker, Dr Anthony, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Walker, Elizabeth, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Walker, Elizabeth (daughter), (i)

  Walker, Johnny, (i)

  Walker, Mary, (i)

  Walker, Robert, (i)

  Wall, Mrs, (i)

  Wall, Isolt, (i)

  Waller, Edmund, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Waller, Sir Henry, (i)

  Waller, Lady, (i)

  Waller, Sir William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Waller’s Horse (‘Waller’s Dogs’), (i)

  Walpole, Sir Robert, (i)

  Walsingham, Sir Francis, (i)

  Wandering Whore, The (Garfield), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Wandesford, Alice see Thornton, Alice

  Ward, Barbara, (i), (ii)

  Ward, Mary, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Wards, Court of, (i), (ii)

  wardships, (i), (ii)

  Warner, Father John, (i)

  Warren, Captain, (i)

  Warren, Elizabeth, (i), (ii)

  Warwick, Charles Rich (i)th Earl of, (ii), (iii)

  Warwick, Eleanor Countess of see Sussex, Countess of

  Warwick, Mary Countess of (Mary Rich née Boyle), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); marriage to Charles Rich, (vi); her household routine, (vii); and Lady Essex Rich, (viii), (ix); and children, (x); as a widow, (xi); her books, (xii); and Katherine Boyle, (xiii), (xiv), (xv); her will, (xvi); and Lord Goring, (xvii)

  Warwick, Robert Rich (i)nd Earl of, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Warwick, Susan Countess of (Susan Halliday), (i), (ii)

  Warwick House, (i)

  Watts, Dr Isaac, (i)

  weaker vessel, the: origins of phrase, (i); nature of weakness, (ii); quoted, (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Weaver, Elizabeth see Farley, Elizabeth

  Weaver, James, (i)

  Webbe, Thomas, (i)

  Weddings, (i); Honoria Denny to James Lord Hay, (ii); Frances Coke to Sir John Villiers, (iii); Mary Blacknall to Ralph Verney, (iv); Lucy Pelh
am to Gervase Pierrepont, (v); Rachel Lady Vaughan to William Russell, (vi); Anne Pierrepont to John Lord Roos, (vii); Mary Cromwell to Lord Fauconberg, (viii); Hester Davenport to Lord Oxford, (ix); see also marriage

  wedding sermons, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Weekly Journal, (i)

  Weldon, Sir Anthony, (i), (ii)

  Wenham, Jane, (i), (ii)

  West, Lieutenant-Colonel, (i)

  West Indies, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Westminster Abbey, (i)n, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Westminster Liberty Regiment, (i), (ii)

  Westmorland, Earls of, (i)

  wet-nurses, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Wexford, (i)

  Whateley, William, (i)

  Wheeler, Elizabeth (Elizabeth Child), (i)

  Wheeler, Lady, (i)

  Wheeler, Martha, (i), (ii)

  Wheeler, William, (i)

  Whitby, manor of, (i)

  Whitelocke, Bulstrode, (i), (ii)

  Whole Duty of Man, The (Allestree), (i)

  whores see prostitutes

  Whore’s Rhetorick, The, (i), (ii)

  Whorwood, Brome, (i)

  Whorwood, Jane, (i)

  Whorwood, Sir Thomas, (i)

  Whyte, Hester, (i)

  Whyte, Rowland, (i)

  widows, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), 453; concept of lusty widow, (vi); legal and economic independence of, (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii); and remarriage, (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii); ideal of devoted widow, (xviii), (xix); pursued as heiresses, (xx); in poorer classes, (xxi); and old age, (xxii); as potential witches, (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv); of soldiers, (xxvi), (xxvii); and female franchise, (xxviii), (xxix); businesswomen, (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii)

  Wilkins, Bishop, (i)

  Wilkins, Mrs, (i), (ii)

  Wilkinson, Rev, Robert, (i), (ii)

  Willet, Deb, (i), (ii)

  William III (William of Orange), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)

  William the Silent, (i)

  Williams, Elizabeth, (i)

  Williams, Roger, (i)

  Willimot, Joan, (i)

  Willis, Sue, (i)

  Willoughby, William, (i)

  Willughby, ‘Mrs’, (i)

  Willughby, Dr Percival, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  wills, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Wilson, Arthur, (i), (ii)

  Wilson, J. H., (i)

  Wilton House, (i)

  Winch, Mrs, (i), (ii)

  Winchester, Bishop of, (i)

  Winchester, Honora Marchioness of, (i), (ii)

  Winchester, John Paulet (i)th Marquess of, (ii), (iii)

  Winchester House, (i)

  Winchilsea, Anne Countess of (Anne Finch née Kingsmill), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Winchilsea, Charles Finch (i)th Earl of, (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Winchilsea, Heneage Finch (i)rd Earl of, (ii), (iii)