The Wagner Clan
Page 48
11. CWTB, vol. I, entry 17 December 1877
12. Siegfried Wagner, Erinnerungen, pp. 61–2
13. Siegfried Wagner, Reisetagebuch 1892, ed. Winifred Wagner, Bayreuth, 1935, p. 257
14. For perceptive comments on Siegfried and Wilde see Dorothea Renck-hoff, ‘Und die Seele ging weinend über die Sümpfe davon’ in the Siegfried Wagner-Kompendium I, pp. 219–34
15. For a detailed account of the Beidler–Wagner family history see Dieter Borchmeyer, Franz Wilhelm Beidler: Cosima Wagner-Liszt, Bielefeld, 1997
16. Du Moulin Eckart (see note 7), vol. II, pp. 672–3
17. Dietrich Mack (ed.), Cosima Wagner: Das zweite Leben, Briefe und Aufzeichnungen 1883–1930, Munich/Zurich, 1980, pp. 685–6, letter 11 August 1906
18. For background on the proposed foundation, the controversy surround ing it and Cosima’s will, see KARBAUM, part 1, pp. 57–9 and the related documents in vol. II
8 Wolf at the Door
1. Chamberlain, letter of 7 October 1923, reproduced in ZELINSKY, p. 169
2. Ibid., p. 170
3. For a full account of Winifred’s life, see in particular Brigitte Hamann, Winifred Wagner oder Hitlers Bayreuth, Munich/Zurich 2002. A shorter and in part corrected edition was published in English in London in 2005 as Winifred Wagner: A Life at the Heart of Hitler’s Bayreuth. Winifred herself gives many graphic details (in German) in Winifred Wagner und die Geschichte des Hauses Wahnfried 1914–1975, a five-hour film made by Hans Jürgen Syberberg in 1975 and since issued on video.
4. Siegfried, letter of autumn 1921, cited in Zdenko von Kraft, Der Sohn, Graz, 1969, p. 230
5. Von Gross, letter to Siegfried of 8 February 1924, cited in Karbaum, part II, pp. 41–2
6. Text carried in ZELINSKY, p. 169
7. Joachim Köhler, Wagner’s Hitler, Munich, 1997, chapter 12
8. For a discussion of the disputed ‘secret agenda’ of Glück, see the Siegfried Wagner-Kompendium I (ed. Peter Pachl), Herbolzheim, 2003, pp. 144–7
9. Transcript of Siegfried letter to Rosa Eidam, Christmas 1923, RWA
10. See Kurt Ludecke, I Knew Hitler, London, 1938, chapter 12, for Ludecke’s account of his meetings with the Wagners and Ford
11. Hitler, letter to Siegfried, 5 May 1924, RWA
12. Peter Pachl, Siegfried Wagner: Genie im Schatten, Munich, 1988, p. 418
13. Joseph Goebbels, Tagebücher, vol. I (1924–9), Munich, 1999, entry 8 May 1926
14. Joseph Goebbels, Tagebücher, Sämtliche Fragmente, vol. II, Munich, 1967, entry 30 May 1942
15. Henry Picker, Hitlers Tischgespräche im Führerhauptquartier, Berlin, 1997, entry night of 28 February–1 March 1942
16. ZELINSKY, p. 165
17. Text of the exchanges between Siegfried and Rabbi Salomon from June 1924 to July 1925, carried on the website of the Siegfried Wagner Gesellschaft – www.siegfried-wagner.org – under archive entries for 2001
18. ZELINSKY, p. 165
19. Picker, entry 28 February–1 March 1942
20. Siegfried, letter of 23 May 1930, quoted in Pachl, p. 438
21. Franz Stassen, Erinnerungen an Siegfried Wagner, RWA, p. 46
22. Siegfried Wagner, Erinnerungen, Stuttgart, 1923, p. 169
9 Three Funerals and a New Broom
1. Joseph Goebbels, Tagebücher, vol. I (1924–9), Munich, 1999, entry 8 May 1926
2. For Cosima’s words as noted by Daniela and Eva between 1925 and 1930, see Dietrich Mack (ed.), Cosima Wagner: Das zweite Leben, Briefe und Aufzeichnungen 1883–1930, Munich/Zurich, 1980, pp. 752–66
3. Peter Pachl, Siegfried Wagner: Genie im Schatten, Munich, 1988, p. 428
4. Ibid.
5. Arnold Schoenberg, article in the Rheinischen Musik-und Theaterzeitung, 23 March 1912, cited in Pachl, p. 247
6. For text of the petition see KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 94–5
7. Ibid., pp. 82–4 for the relevant Winifred–Furtwängler correspondence between March and June 1932
8. Bruno Walter, Thema und Variationen, Frankfurt am Main, 1960, pp. 351–2; English version Theme and Variations, London and New York, 1947
9. Ibid., p. 353
10. Peter Heyworth, Conversations with Otto Klemperer, London, 1973, p. 70
11. Hannes Reinhardt (ed.), Das bin ich, Munich 1970 – a series of self-portraits of which Tietjen’s is on pp. 169–205
12. Heyworth (see note 10), p. 67
13. Fritz Busch, Aus dem Leben eines Musikers, Berlin, 1971, pp. 195–6
14. Walter, p. 390
15. Walter Legge, article on the Bayreuth festival in the Manchester Guardian, August 1933, reprinted in Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, On and Off the Record, London, 1982, pp. 21–5
10 All the Reich’s a Stage
1. Heinrich Heine, Almansor – Eine Tragödie (1821), first complete publication, Berlin, 1823
2. Joseph Goebbels, Tagebücher, vol. II (1930–4), Munich, 1999, entry 22 March 1933
3. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, trans. Ralph Manheim, Boston, 1943, chapter 1. The state of Bavaria, which owns the copyright to all editions of Mein Kampf (apart from the English and Dutch), as well as the German federal government, oppose any copying or printing of the book in Germany. Old copies can, however, be legally bought and sold – subject to certain restrictions
4. August Kubizek, Adolf Hitler mein Jugendfreund, Graz, 1975, pp. 115–17
5. See Franz-Heinz Köhler, Die Struktur der Spielpläne deutschsprachiger Opernbühnen von 1896 bis 1966, Koblenz, 1968. For further analysis and interpretation of the statistics see Hubert Kolland, Wagner-Rezeption im deutschen Faschismus in Bericht über den Internationalen Musikwissenschaftlichen Kongress Bayreuth 1981, Kassel/Basle, pp. 494–503, and also Erik Levi, Music in the Third Reich, London, 1994, pp. 191–3
6. Köhler and Kolland, ibid.
7. Thomas Mann, Wagner und unsere Zeit, Frankfurt am Main, 1963. Article reproduced as Auseinandersetzung mit Richard Wagner, pp. 26–8
8. Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt, ‘Gestorbenes Bayreuth’, in the Neue Musikzeitung, Jg. 49, 1928. Article reprinted in Susanna Grossmann-Vendrey, Bayreuth in der deutschen Presse, vol. III, 2, Regensburg, 1983, pp. 206–8
9. Bernhard Diebold, ‘Der Fall Wagner’, in the Frankfurter Zeitung, 30 September 1928. Article reprinted in Grossmann-Vendrey, pp. 208–11
10. Werner Jochmann (ed.), Adolf Hitler, Monologe im Führerhauptquartier 1941–1944, Die Aufzeichnungen Heinrich Heims, Hamburg, 1980. Remark on night of 24–25 January 1942, p. 224: ‘Der Tristan ist doch sein grösstes Werk’
11. For background to and analysis of the Parsifal ‘ban’ see inter alia, Saul Friedländer, ‘Hitler and Wagner’, and Udo Bermbach, ‘Liturgietransfer’, in Richard Wagner im Dritten Reich, Munich, 2000 – a collection of texts of addresses given at a symposium in Schloss Elmau, Bavaria, July 1999
12. Alfred Rosenberg, ‘Beethoven’, article in the Völkischer Beobachter, 26 March 1927, marking the centenary of the composer’s death
13. Alfred Rosenberg, Der Mythos des 20. Jahrhunderts, Munich, 1934, vol. II, part 4, ‘Der aesthetische Wille’
14. Albert Speer, Erinnerungen, Frankfurt am Main/Berlin, 1969, p. 145; English translation, Inside the Third Reich, London/New York, 1970
15. Ibid., pp. 73–4
16. Traudl Junge, Bis zur letzten Stunde, Munich, 2002, p. 93
17. Ibid., pp. 66–93
18. Jochmann, Adolf Hitler, Monologe (see note 10), remark on night of 25–26 January 1942, p. 234: ‘Wenn ich Wagner höre, ist mir, als seien das Rhythmen der Vorwelt’
19. Thomas Mann, Wagner und unsere Zeit, letter to Emil Preetorius of 6 December 1949, pp. 167–9
20. Ibid., letter to the editor of Common Sense, January 1940, pp. 153–60
21. Ibid., letter to Friedrich Schramm, 25 August 1951, pp. 181–2
22. Henry Picker, Hitlers Tischgespräche im Führerhauptquartier, Berlin, 1997, remarks on night of 28 February–1 March 1942, pp. 159–61
23. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, chapte
r 15
24. Ibid., chapter 8
25. Jochmann, Adolf Hitler, Monologe (see note 10), remarks on night of 24–25 January, 1942, p. 225
26. Nike Wagner, Wagner Theater, Frankfurt am Main/Leipzig, 1998, pp. 299–300; English translation, The Wagners: the Dramas of a Musical Dynasty, London, 2000
27. Winifred Wagner, letter to Hitler 26 December 1934, Bundesarchiv Koblenz
28. For details of the festival’s financing before and during the Nazi era, see KARBAUM, Anhang, pp. 150–3
11 Dissonant Quartet
1. Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, Munich, 1994. p. 55; English translation, Acts, London, 1994
2. Friedelind Wagner, Heritage of Fire, the original manuscript written by Friedelind in English, New York, 1945, pp. 9–10; German translation issued in Bern, Switzerland, 1945; first published in Germany, Cologne, 1994
3. Frida Leider, Das War Mein Teil, Berlin, 1959; English translation (with some details corrected from the original), Playing My Part, London, 1966, pp. 99–100
4. J. B. Steane, The Grand Tradition, London, 1974, p. 240
5. See inter alia Nike Wagner, Wagner Theater, Frankfurt am Main/Leipzig, 1998, p. 299
6. Ibid., p. 302
7. See inter alia letter to Albert Knittel of 16 April 1932 in which Winifred writes of accommodation for ‘Heinz … so long as we are not married’. Cited in Brigitte Hamann, Winifred Wagner oder Hitlers Bayreuth, Munich/Zurich, 2002, p. 222
8. David Lloyd George, article in the Daily Express, London, 17 September 1936
9. Letters of May and June 1933 from Lieselotte Schmidt to her parents, RWA. For copious excerpts from similar Schmidt correspondence up to 1937 see KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 77–80
10. Friedelind Wagner, Heritage of Fire, pp. 107–8
11. For a detailed account of the fate of Bayreuth’s Jews during the Nazi era see Ekkehard Hubschmann, Helmut Paulus, Siegfried Pokorny, Physische und behördliche Gewalt: Die ‘Reichskritallnacht’ und die Verfolgung der Juden in Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 2000
12. Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, p. 77
13. Renate Schostack, Hinter Wahnfried’s Mauern: Gertrud Wagner Ein Leben, Hamburg, 1998, p. 163
14. Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, p. 76
15. Ibid., p. 79
16. Ibid., p. 80
17. Ibid., p. 78
18. Friedelind Wagner, Heritage of Fire, p. 140
12 Mausi at Bay
1. Friedelind, letters to her aunts from June 1937, and from February and April 1938, RWA
2. Isabella Wallich, Recording my Life, London 2001, pp. 49–65
3. Berta Geissmar, The Baton and the Jackboot, London, 1944, pp. 205–6. The book appeared a year later in German as Musik im Schatten der Politik, Zurich, 1945
4. Friedelind Wagner, Heritage of Fire, p. 217
5. For background details of Friedelind’s various stays in Britain before, during and after the war see the National Archives (NA), Kew, file ref. KV 2/1914. This material was first released in 2005
6. Friedelind Wagner, Heritage of Fire, pp. 186–7
7. Jonathan Guinness with Catherine Guinness, The House of Mitford, London, 1985, pp. 383–4
8. Ibid., p. 370
9. See Frida Leider, Playing My Part, pp. 170–2 and Friedelind Wagner, Heritage of Fire, pp. 206–8
10. Winifred in the film Winifred Wagner und die Geschichte des Hauses Wahnfried 1914–1975, dir. Hans Jürgen Syberberg, 1975
11. See Heritage of Fire, pp. 217–25. A fuller account of the Zurich meeting is given in the original manuscript, now in the possession of Friedelind’s heir Neill Thornborrow. The original was shortened before publication, evidently by Friedelind with her American collaborator Page Cooper. Its extra detail does not, however, bring any basic new insights and the salient quotations are the same; THORN
12. Letter from Friedelind to Winifred, 29 February 1940, THORN
13. Friedelind Wagner, Heritage of Fire, pp. 209–10
14. Gottfried von Einem, Ich hab’ unendlich viel erlebt, Vienna, 1995, p. 66
15. Ibid., pp. 67–8
16. Joseph Goebbels, Tagebücher, vol. IV (1940–1942), Munich, 1999
17. Syberberg film (see note 10)
18. Isabella Wallich, Recording My Life, pp. 68–9
19. For a balanced account of this period, including a brief reference to Friedelind’s detention, see Ronald Stent, A Bespattered Page: The Internment of His Majesty’s most loyal Enemy Aliens, London, 1980
20. All letters from which these extracts taken at NA, File ref. KV 2/1914 (see note 5)
21. Beverley Baxter, article in the Daily Sketch, London, 6 December 1940
22. Initial report of ‘source 32a’ after visiting Friedelind on 24 January 1941. NA KV2/1914 (see note 5)
23. Supplement to above dated 28 January 28th 1941, after ‘source 32a’ had been through Friedelind’s suitcase. NA KV2/1914
24. Ibid.
25. Extracts from Friedelind’s original speech carried by Süddeutscher Rundfunk in 1954 and re-broadcast by Südwestfunk on 21 May 2003
13 War – At Home and Abroad
1. Winifred in the film Winifred Wagner und die Geschichte des Hauses Wahnfried 1914–1975, dir. Hans Jürgen Syberberg, 1975
2. Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, Munich, 1994. p. 112
3. Geoffrey Skelton, Wieland Wagner: The Positive Sceptic, London, 1971, p. 59 – quoting Kurt Overhoff in Austrian radio broadcast from Salzburg in 1969
4. Ibid., p. 69
5. Renate Schostack, Hinter Wahnfried’s Mauern: Gertrud Wagner Ein Leben, Hamburg, 1998, p. 162
6. Ibid., p. 196
7. Winifred in Syberberg film (see note 1)
8. Ibid.
9. Gertrud Strobel, Tagebuch, entry 17 August 1941. See also Tietjen letter to ‘Haus Wahnfried’ of 21 August 1941, complaining of a ‘basic change of attitude’ towards him on the part of ‘Wahnfried youth’; RWA
10. Henry Picker, Hitlers Tischgespräche im Führerhauptquartier, Berlin, 1997, entry 10 June 1942
11. Wolfgang, letter 3 April 1942 and Wieland letter – undated – of same month. Both reprinted in extract in KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 108–9; RWA
12. Extract in KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 107–8; RWA
13. Heinz Tietjen to Winifred Wagner. Extract in KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 109–10; RWA
14. Syberberg film (see note 1)
15. See Albrecht Bald, Jörg Skriebeleit, Das Aussenlager Bayreuth des KZ Flossenbürg, Wieland Wagner und Bodo Lafferentz im ‘Institut für physikalische Forschung’, Bayreuth, 2003
16. Wulf Rüskamp (ed.), Eine vollkomene Närrin durch meine ewigen Gefühle; Aus den Tagebüchern der Lotte Warburg 1925 bis 1947, pp. 330–1
17. Skelton, Wieland Wagner, p. 79
18. Bald/Skriebeleit (see note 15), pp. 125–8
19. Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, pp. 118–19
20. Schostack, Hinter Wahnfried’s Mauern, p. 203
21. Wieland letter to Winifred, 5 January 1945, now in New York Public Library. Cited in Brigitte Hamann, Winifred Wagner oder Hitlers Bayreuth, Munich/Zurich, 2002, pp. 489–90
22. Cited in Skelton, Wieland Wagner, p. 77
23. Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, p. 123
24. Schostack, Hinter Wahnfrieds Mauern, pp. 211–14
25. Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, pp. 145–6
26. Winifred Wagner, letter 27 June 1946. Copy in the National Archives, Kew, File ref. FO 938/303
14 New Bayreuth?
1. Das literarische Deutschland, 2 Jg. Nr 16, Heidelberg, 20 August 1951. Article reprinted in ZELINSKY, p. 254
2. Ibid.
3. For details of Beidler’s life and the (incomplete) text of his biography of Cosima see Dieter Borchmeyer, Franz Wilhelm Beidler: Cosima Wagner-Liszt, Bielefeld, 1997
4. Peter Heyworth, Otto Klemperer: His Life and Times, vol. II, Cambridge UK, 1996, p. 276
5. Hans Reissinger, ‘Bayreuth, die schöne Stadt’, in Das Bayreuther Festspielbuch 1951, pp. 44–7
&
nbsp; 6. Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, Munich, 1994, p. 128
7. Ibid., p. 123
8. Wieland, letter to Winifred 11 July 1948. Cited in Renate Schostack, Hinter Wahnfrieds Mauern, Hamburg, 1998, pp. 241–2
9. Winifred in the film Winifred Wagner und die Geschichte des Hauses Wahnfried 1914–1975, dir. Hans Jürgen Syberberg, 1975
10. Wieland suggests the Monte Carlo solution in letter to Wilhelm Furtwängler 4 November 1947. Furtwängler opposes the idea. Cited in Schostack, Hinter Wahnfrieds Mauern, pp. 246–7. Also Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, p. 152 on proposed sale of scores
11. Wolfgang letter to Wieland 5 April 1947. Cited in Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, pp. 153–4
12. Wolfgang Wagner, Lebens-Akte, p. 129
13. Ibid., p. 154
14. Meyer letter to Beidler 28 August 1946. See KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 127–9
15. For Beidler’s letter of 21 September 1946 to Meyer and his subsequent proposals for a Bayreuth Festival Foundation, see KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 129–34
16. See Borchmeyer, Franz Wilhelm Beidler: Cosima Wagner-Liszt, pp. 408–12 for details of Mann’s – not unfavourable – reaction to Beidler’s proposal
17. Franz Beidler, Richtlinien für eine Neugestaltung der Bayreuther Festspiele. I Entwurf, 31 December 1946. See KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 131–2
18. Heinz Tietjen, Zum ‘Wiederaufbau’ der Bayreuther Festspiele. Manuscript of 1 August 1947. See KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 134–5
19. Dieter Sattler letter to F. Meyer 29 January 1949, RWA. Cited in KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 137–8
20. See inter alia Winifred Wagner, Aus der ‘Denkschrift’ für die Spruchkammer, cited in KARBAUM, part 2, pp. 113–16
21. Richard Wilhelm Stock, Richard Wagner und seine Meistersinger, Nuremberg, 1943, p. 11
22. See inter alia Oswald Georg Bauer, ‘Vierzig Jahre Neubayreuth (Teil II)’, in Programmheft IV, Bayreuther Festpiele 1991, pp. 4–6
23. Ibid., p. 6
24. The National Archives, Kew, Winifred Wagner, file ref. FO 938/303
25. Die Berufungskammer Ansbach, Berufungssenat Bayreuth, 8 December 1948. Full text of judgement carried in Berndt Wessling, Bayreuth im Dritten Reich, Weinheim/Basle, 1983, pp. 284–303