Linz, Austria 176, 177
Liszt, Anna 29
Liszt, Blandine-Rachel 27, 28, 30, 33, 34
Liszt, Daniel 28, 34
Liszt, Franz xii, 27, 54, 84, 112, 135, 154, 338, 342, 344
affair with Marie de Flavigny 28–30, 38
at the first Bayreuth festival 45
Cosima tells of her affair with RW 36
Cosima’s treatment of 95
death (1886) 95
illegitimate children by Marie xi, 1, 28, 29, 30
the Ingres portrait 315, 334
keyboard wizardry 33–4
music director at Weimar 16, 29
premières Lohengrin in Weimar 23
regarded at Wahnfried as greatly inferior to RW 331
relationship with Carolyn Sayn-Wittgenstein 29, 30, 88
RW’s letters to him 239
RW’s resentment of his contact with Cosima 8
a staunch friend to RW 8, 16
takes minor Catholic orders 1, 36
and the Wagner children 194
Piano Sonata in B minor 33
Les Préludes 177–8
Literarische Deutschland, Das (Literary Germany) 244
Lloyd George, David 201, 210
Lohengrin (character) 171, 176, 188, 263, 338
London
Furtwängler records Tristan und Isolde 170
Promenade Concerts 11, 118
RW meets Queen Victoria 23
RW visits and makes contacts in 11
Siegfried records the Siegfried Idyll 208
London Symphony Orchestra 116
Lorenz, Max 190
Lortzing, Albert 179, 293, 344
Zar und Zimmermann (Tsar and Carpenter) 178
Louis-Philippe, King of France 9
Lübeck 198
Lucerne
Friedelind in 214, 246
Friedelind’s ashes scattered by Neill Thornborrow 338–9
RW marries Cosima 4, 94
Lucerne festival 212
Lüdecke, Kurt 144–5
Ludendorff, Erich 148
Ludwig I, King of Bavaria 38
Ludwig II, King of Bavaria xii, 3, 5, 86, 100, 106, 117, 225, 239, 307
ambition 40
backs RW 1, 7, 27, 37, 39–40, 43, 46, 47, 84, 128, 190
and Bayreuth 43, 55
and Bismarck 37–8
builds fairy-tale castles 37, 40, 54
bust at Wahnfried 136
correspondence with Cosima 35–6
death (1886) 37, 63
and Hans von Bülow 35
hates militarism 37, 40
homosexuality 37
loans paid back 64
‘madness’ 1, 37, 40, 43, 63
and Mein Leben 125
pays for Wahnfried 4
relationship with RW 37, 38–9, 42–3
RW’s and Cosima’s deception of him 6
and RW’s death 54
tells RW to leave Munich 39
wants to build a festival theatre in
Munich 41–2
warned by RW against the Jews 85, 86
Lueger, Karl 70, 187
Luther, Martin 90, 132, 188
Luxemburg, Rosa 139
Mack, Dietrich 332
Mack, Gudrun see Wagner, Gudrun
Magdeburg, Germany 10, 12, 83
‘Maginot Line’ 216
Mahler, Anna 208
Mahler, Gustav 62, 71, 79, 80–81, 102, 103, 141, 149, 177, 180, 208, 314
Maier, Mathilde 25, 27, 45
Malaya 120
Mallorca 334, 340
Manchester 125
Manchester Guardian 170
Mann, Klaus 251
Mann, Thomas 186–7, 246, 247, 251, 256, 276–9, 329
‘Sinkender Stern?’ (Sinking Star?) 179–80
Zauberberg (Magic Mountain) 128
Mannheim opera house 343
Marr, Wilhelm 75
coins the word ‘antisemitism’ 68, 69
founds Antisemiten Liga 68
Der Sieg des Judenthums über das Germanenthum (The Victory of Jewishness over Germanism) 68
Marshall Aid 260
Marx, Karl 14
Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich: Communist Manifesto 9
‘Marxist internationalism’ 312
Mascagni, Pietro 180
Cavalleria Rusticana 178
Maupassant, Guy de 90
Mauro, Seraphine 25
Maurras, Charles 89
Maximilian II, King of Bavaria 37
Mayer, Hans 330
Meissner, Alfred von 15
Melchior, Lauritz 220
Mendelssohn, Moses 66, 71, 75
Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Felix 71
Mendès, Catulle 48
Menotti, Gian Carlo 307
mentally handicapped 200
Mérimée, Prosper 90
Metternich, Prince Clemens von 9
Meyer, Friederike 25
Meyer, Mayor Oskar 255–6, 276
Meyerbeer, Giacomo (né Jakob Lieb-mann Beer) 16, 71, 85, 87
efforts on RW’s behalf 12
RW envious of his success 12, 83–4
RW’s sycophantic letter to him 11–12
RW’s vindictive attacks on him 12, 86
Le Prophète 83–4
MI5 216, 280
Mime (character) 80–81 Mischlinge (hybrids) 70
Mitford, Diana see Mosley, Lady Diana
Mitford, Unity 108, 146, 210–211, 230
Mitford sisters 108, 210
Mitropoulos, Dimitri 274
Mödl, Martha 248, 338
Monte Carlo 254
Montez, Lola 29, 38
Montreux, France 92
Morell, Theo 233
Morgenthau plan 260
Moscow 123
Mosley, Lady Diana (née Mitford) 108, 210, 211, 313
Mosley, Sir Oswald 201, 210, 313
Mottl, Felix 116, 118
Moulin Eckart, Richard Graf Du 124
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 345
Don Giovanni 326
Muchanoff, Countess Marie 26
Muck, Karl 62, 157, 158, 159, 161, 163, 164, 346
Müller, Heiner 345
Müller, Maria 157, 171
Munich
Amélie cares for private papers 330, 351
‘beer hall putsch’ (1923) 131–2, 142–4
cash and technical resources for RW performances 36
Chamberlain sees the Ring in 94
Daphne lives in 314, 340
Englischer Garten 211
exhibition of ‘degenerate art’ 203
Feldherrenhalle 142
Gärtnerplatz theatre 343
Gertrud Reissinger in 203, 225, 296
Gottfried works in 286
Hauptstadt der Bewegung (Capital of the [Nazi] Movement) 203
Isolde born in (1865) 124
Isolde buried in 128
Katharina produces Lortzing in 344
Kubelík’s recordings 248
Ludwig’s festival theatre scheme 41–2
Meistersinger premièred (1868) 58
Nationaltheater 225
plunder and burning of synagogues 203
Prinzregententheater 42, 61
RW forced to leave 39, 85, 86
RW’s debts wiped out by Ludwig II 27
Schwabing 198
Tristan premièred (1865) 41, 58
Universitätsklinik 302
von Bülow leaves Munich 42
the von Bülows and RW live in 35
Wieland dies in 303, 337
Wieland studies in 198, 203, 222, 225
Munich Court Theatre 42, 47
Munich Hofbräuhaus 140
Musical Courier 267
Mussolini, Benito 145, 162, 179
Napoleon Bonaparte xi, xii, 13, 20, 67, 80, 104
Napoleon III, Emperor 20, 30, 88
National Democratic Party 309–310, 312–13
nationalism: in Die Grundlagen
107
Nationalsozialistiche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)
Munich Hofbräuhaus rally (1920) 140
previously the DAP 140
success of 140–41
twenty-five-point programme 140
Nazis 97, 348
and the arts 174
at Bayreuth 44, 148, 170
attitudes to RW 181–5
and the British upper class 210
Bruno Walter flees 169
burning of books 174, 175, 199
and Chamberlain 108–9, 144
come to power (1933) 164
concentration camps 173, 199, 200, 215, 234, 237, 258
‘Day of Potsdam’ show (1933) 172–4
efforts to transform Germany 198–200
electoral victory as the only legal party remaining 174–5
extent of their mass murder begins to emerge 259–60
extermination camps 200
French occupation 89
Friedelind’s attitude towards xii, 206–7, 212
Geissmar forced to flee Germany 162
and Grunsky 98
hatred of the Kroll 167, 174
and improved situation in Weimar Germany 153
Kristallnacht (1938) 199, 202–3
membership lists 253
and Nietzsche’s ‘superman’ and ‘will to power’ concepts 2
number of RW performances falls 178–9
Nuremberg racial laws (1935) 70, 199
Nuremberg rallies 176, 177, 178, 184
and Parsifal 182
and Preetorius 277, 278
propagandists 228
revival of yellow star for Jews 66
and the revolutionary Wagner 181
and RW’s personal contacts 74
Siegfried’s wife and sisters join the Nazi party 144
speedy crushing of opposition 310
sterilisation and medical experiments 200
sympathisers categorised after the war 252
Wieland joins the Party 203, 204, 252, 255
Wieland takes photographs of top Nazis 195–6
Wolfgang Wagner’s claims 203–4
neo-classicism 180
neo-Nazis 283, 323, 336
Neu Germania 75–6, 98
Neue Berliner Musikzeitung 84
neue Sachlichkeit (new objectivity) 180
Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (New Journal for Music) 70, 84
Neuer Wagner-Verein (New Wagner Society) 103
Neumann, Angelo 59, 74, 76
Neuschwanstein castle, Germany 40
‘New Bayreuth’ 244, 246, 247, 248, 259, 290, 291, 297, 306, 313, 324, 341, 346, 349, 350, 351
new classicism 180
New York
Carnegie Hall 274
Friedelind in 220, 274
Metropolitan Opera 220, 248, 274, 333
Radio City 250
staging of Parsifal 61
New York Times 273, 275
Newman, Ernest 79, 244, 246, 256
Nietzsche, Elisabeth see Foerster
Nietzsche, Friedrich xii, 5, 50, 55, 75, 96, 97
attacks on RW 6
Cosima burns correspondence 100
on the first Bayreuth festival 45–6
growing differences with RW 6
last meeting with RW 51
madness 5, 6, 45
meets RW at Leipzig 2
‘superman’ and ‘will to power’ concepts 2
unrequited love for Cosima 5
vegetarianism 77
visits RW at Tribschen 2
– works
Also Sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spake Zarathustra) 2
Ecce Homo 5–6
Der Fall Wagner (The Wagner Case) 82, 115
Nikisch, Arthur 161, 166
Nilsson, Birgit 299
Nolde, Emil 203
Nordic myth 19, 254
North German Confederation 65, 86
NSDAP see Nationalsozialistiche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
Nuovina, Marguerite de 117
Nuremberg 114, 115, 175, 226, 231, 270, 293, 296
Nazi rallies (Reichsparteitage) 176, 177, 178, 184, 293
racial laws (1935) 70, 199, 283, 311
war crimes trials 252, 283, 311
Nussdorf, Bodensee 226, 238, 239, 241, 249, 252, 253, 296, 316, 337
Oberländer, Theodor 311
Oberwarmensteinach, near Bayreuth 241, 250, 254, 288
Offenbach, Jacques: Hoffmanns Erzählungen (Tales of Hoffmann) 303
Office of Strategic Services (US) 220
officer corps 172
Ohnesorg, Benno 310
Olympic Games (Berlin, 1936) 199
Opéra-Comique, Paris 117
Orff, Carl 292
Ormandy, Eugene 274
Osiander, Karin 288
Overhoff, Kurt 223, 224, 225, 229, 240, 253, 294
Pacific Palisades, California 277
Palazzo Rufolo, Ravello 53
Palazzo Vendramin, Venice 1, 54
Palermo, Sicily 53
Palestine Orchestra (later the Israel Philharmonic) 246
Panama Canal Company 89
Papen, Franz von 172
Paraguay 75, 98
Paris 99, 246, 301
1848 insurrection 9
boulevards of 102
coup d’état in (1851) 20
Eva lives in 340, 344
German advance on (1941) 216
Gestapo in 218
Marie d’Agoult works in 29
Meyerbeer-besotted 85
RW’s hatred for 13, 23, 76
RW’s humiliation in 11–12, 13
Tannhäuser barracked (1861) 23–4, 48
Parsifal (character) 47, 182, 190, 338
Pasquier, Antoine Amadeus 340
Pasquier, Eva (née Wagner; Wolfgang’s daughter) 255
appearance 342
birth (1945) 241, 287
close aide to her father 333
and father’s divorce 333
forbidden to play with her cousins 289
international opera contacts 335
lives in gardener’s cottage, Wahnfried 254
marriage to Yves Pasquier 340
music agent and consultant on singers 333
no longer available to be director 343
personality 333
struggle for the directorship 341–2
Pasquier, Yves 340
Patersi de Fossombroni, Madame 30, 50, 88
Paulus, Friedrich von 234
Pearl Harbour, Japanese attack on (1941) 233
Peenemünde rocket team 239
Pente Pigadia 119
Petri, Lili 102–3
Pfitzner, Hans 150
Philharmonia Orchestra 170
Philharmonic Society, London 11
Philippines 120
Phillipsruh (Phillip’s Rest), Bayreuth 112, 113
‘phoney war’ 216
Pilinszky, Sigismund 157, 158
Planer, Minna see Wagner, Minna
Planer, Natalie 10, 11, 26
Plüddemann, Martin 56
Poland
invasion of (1939) 222
and Oberländer 311
Wolfgang injured in 222, 324
Ponnelle, Jean-Pierre 345
Porges, Heinrich 74, 87
Port Said 121
Potsdam 97
‘Day of Potsdam’ show 172–6
Garrison Church 173
Praeger, Ferdinand 98–100
Wagner As I Knew Him 98–100
Praeger affair 98–100
Preetorius, Emil 170, 171, 191, 229, 230, 232, 277–8, 291–2
Presley, Elvis 287
press, the 200, 210, 287–8, 317, 323
Pringle, Carrie 48, 54
Prokofiev, Sergei: War and Peace 307
Proksch, Udo 314–15
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 14, 15, 19
Prussia
becomes increasingly dominant 20
Bismarck picks off Ba
varian rivals 37–8
and creation of the Zollverein 13
Franco-Prussian War 6, 65, 94
military might 20
Prussian army 20
Prussian State Theatres 167
Puccini, Giacomo 179, 333, 344
Madama Butterfly 178
Püringer, August 147, 148
Queen Elizabeth Hall, London 338
Queen’s Hall, London 116, 122
racial degeneration 68–9, 104
racism
in the Blätter 98
in Die Grundlagen 104, 105
radio 177, 178, 190, 200, 259
‘Music in America’ 274
Rakhmaninov, Sergey 274
Rambauske, Werner 239
Raphael 27, 156
Rathenau, Walther 139
Raubal, ‘Geli’ (Hitler’s niece) 146, 189
Rauschning, Hermann 185
Ravel, Maurice 180, 225
Ravello, Italy 53
Red Army Faction 312
Redesdale, first Lord 108, 210
Redesdale, second Lord 210
Reichskanzlerei (chancellery) 190
Reichskulturkammer (Reich Chamber of Culture) 174
Reichsrundfunk (state radio service) 190
Reinhardt, Max 159
Reissinger, Adolf 224, 237
Reissinger, Elfriede 253
Reissinger, Gertrud see Wagner, Gertrud
Reissinger, Hans 224, 248
Reissinger, Luise 224
Revolutions of 1848 9, 15, 29
Rhine River 14
Rhineland 140
Hitler orders troops into (1936) 201
Ribbentrop, Joachim von 209
Richard Wagner associations 149
Richard Wagner Foundation Bayreuth 58, 318–20, 335, 341, 342, 343, 351
Richard Wagner Museum, Bayreuth 87
Richter, Hans 42, 43, 46, 47, 61, 63, 116
Riefenstahl, Leni 178, 323
Rienzi (character) 176, 188
Riga 11
Rintelen, Franz von 217
Ritter, Julie 26, 32
Ritter, Karl 32
Robber (RW’s dog) 11
Röckel, August 14–15, 16
Rockettes 250
Rode, Wilhelm 149
Röhm, Ernst 173, 202
Röhm purge (1934) 202
Roller, Alfred 177, 186, 191, 198, 234
Roller, Ulrich 234, 235
Rome
ancient 104
RW and Cosima visit Princess
Carolyne 51
Sistine Chapel 53
Wagners given an audience with Mussolini 145
Rommel, Erwin 233
Roosevelt, Theodore 108
Rooy, Anton van 61
Rosenberg, Alfred 183
Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts (The Myth of the Twentieth Century) 109
Rosenberg, Wolf 314
Rossbach, Gerhard 248
Rothermere, Lord 210
Rothschild family 87–8
Royal Albert Hall, London 46
Royal Family 209
Royal Navy 106
Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London 170, 208, 333
Rubinstein, Joseph 74
Ruhr region, French occupation of 140, 153
Russian Revolution (1917) 139
The Wagner Clan Page 52