The Wagner Clan

by Jonathan Carr

  Linz, Austria 176, 177

  Liszt, Anna 29

  Liszt, Blandine-Rachel 27, 28, 30, 33, 34

  Liszt, Daniel 28, 34

  Liszt, Franz xii, 27, 54, 84, 112, 135, 154, 338, 342, 344

  affair with Marie de Flavigny 28–30, 38

  at the first Bayreuth festival 45

  Cosima tells of her affair with RW 36

  Cosima’s treatment of 95

  death (1886) 95

  illegitimate children by Marie xi, 1, 28, 29, 30

  the Ingres portrait 315, 334

  keyboard wizardry 33–4

  music director at Weimar 16, 29

  premières Lohengrin in Weimar 23

  regarded at Wahnfried as greatly inferior to RW 331

  relationship with Carolyn Sayn-Wittgenstein 29, 30, 88

  RW’s letters to him 239

  RW’s resentment of his contact with Cosima 8

  a staunch friend to RW 8, 16

  takes minor Catholic orders 1, 36

  and the Wagner children 194

  Piano Sonata in B minor 33

  Les Préludes 177–8

  Literarische Deutschland, Das (Literary Germany) 244

  Lloyd George, David 201, 210

  Lohengrin (character) 171, 176, 188, 263, 338

  London

  Furtwängler records Tristan und Isolde 170

  Promenade Concerts 11, 118

  RW meets Queen Victoria 23

  RW visits and makes contacts in 11

  Siegfried records the Siegfried Idyll 208

  London Symphony Orchestra 116

  Lorenz, Max 190

  Lortzing, Albert 179, 293, 344

  Zar und Zimmermann (Tsar and Carpenter) 178

  Louis-Philippe, King of France 9

  Lübeck 198

  Lucerne

  Friedelind in 214, 246

  Friedelind’s ashes scattered by Neill Thornborrow 338–9

  RW marries Cosima 4, 94

  Lucerne festival 212

  Lüdecke, Kurt 144–5

  Ludendorff, Erich 148

  Ludwig I, King of Bavaria 38

  Ludwig II, King of Bavaria xii, 3, 5, 86, 100, 106, 117, 225, 239, 307

  ambition 40

  backs RW 1, 7, 27, 37, 39–40, 43, 46, 47, 84, 128, 190

  and Bayreuth 43, 55

  and Bismarck 37–8

  builds fairy-tale castles 37, 40, 54

  bust at Wahnfried 136

  correspondence with Cosima 35–6

  death (1886) 37, 63

  and Hans von Bülow 35

  hates militarism 37, 40

  homosexuality 37

  loans paid back 64

  ‘madness’ 1, 37, 40, 43, 63

  and Mein Leben 125

  pays for Wahnfried 4

  relationship with RW 37, 38–9, 42–3

  RW’s and Cosima’s deception of him 6

  and RW’s death 54

  tells RW to leave Munich 39

  wants to build a festival theatre in

  Munich 41–2

  warned by RW against the Jews 85, 86

  Lueger, Karl 70, 187

  Luther, Martin 90, 132, 188

  Luxemburg, Rosa 139

  Mack, Dietrich 332

  Mack, Gudrun see Wagner, Gudrun

  Magdeburg, Germany 10, 12, 83

  ‘Maginot Line’ 216

  Mahler, Anna 208

  Mahler, Gustav 62, 71, 79, 80–81, 102, 103, 141, 149, 177, 180, 208, 314

  Maier, Mathilde 25, 27, 45

  Malaya 120

  Mallorca 334, 340

  Manchester 125

  Manchester Guardian 170

  Mann, Klaus 251

  Mann, Thomas 186–7, 246, 247, 251, 256, 276–9, 329

  ‘Sinkender Stern?’ (Sinking Star?) 179–80

  Zauberberg (Magic Mountain) 128

  Mannheim opera house 343

  Marr, Wilhelm 75

  coins the word ‘antisemitism’ 68, 69

  founds Antisemiten Liga 68

  Der Sieg des Judenthums über das Germanenthum (The Victory of Jewishness over Germanism) 68

  Marshall Aid 260

  Marx, Karl 14

  Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich: Communist Manifesto 9

  ‘Marxist internationalism’ 312

  Mascagni, Pietro 180

  Cavalleria Rusticana 178

  Maupassant, Guy de 90

  Mauro, Seraphine 25

  Maurras, Charles 89

  Maximilian II, King of Bavaria 37

  Mayer, Hans 330

  Meissner, Alfred von 15

  Melchior, Lauritz 220

  Mendelssohn, Moses 66, 71, 75

  Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Felix 71

  Mendès, Catulle 48

  Menotti, Gian Carlo 307

  mentally handicapped 200

  Mérimée, Prosper 90

  Metternich, Prince Clemens von 9

  Meyer, Friederike 25

  Meyer, Mayor Oskar 255–6, 276

  Meyerbeer, Giacomo (né Jakob Lieb-mann Beer) 16, 71, 85, 87

  efforts on RW’s behalf 12

  RW envious of his success 12, 83–4

  RW’s sycophantic letter to him 11–12

  RW’s vindictive attacks on him 12, 86

  Le Prophète 83–4

  MI5 216, 280

  Mime (character) 80–81 Mischlinge (hybrids) 70

  Mitford, Diana see Mosley, Lady Diana

  Mitford, Unity 108, 146, 210–211, 230

  Mitford sisters 108, 210

  Mitropoulos, Dimitri 274

  Mödl, Martha 248, 338

  Monte Carlo 254

  Montez, Lola 29, 38

  Montreux, France 92

  Morell, Theo 233

  Morgenthau plan 260

  Moscow 123

  Mosley, Lady Diana (née Mitford) 108, 210, 211, 313

  Mosley, Sir Oswald 201, 210, 313

  Mottl, Felix 116, 118

  Moulin Eckart, Richard Graf Du 124

  Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 345

  Don Giovanni 326

  Muchanoff, Countess Marie 26

  Muck, Karl 62, 157, 158, 159, 161, 163, 164, 346

  Müller, Heiner 345

  Müller, Maria 157, 171

  Munich

  Amélie cares for private papers 330, 351

  ‘beer hall putsch’ (1923) 131–2, 142–4

  cash and technical resources for RW performances 36

  Chamberlain sees the Ring in 94

  Daphne lives in 314, 340

  Englischer Garten 211

  exhibition of ‘degenerate art’ 203

  Feldherrenhalle 142

  Gärtnerplatz theatre 343

  Gertrud Reissinger in 203, 225, 296

  Gottfried works in 286

  Hauptstadt der Bewegung (Capital of the [Nazi] Movement) 203

  Isolde born in (1865) 124

  Isolde buried in 128

  Katharina produces Lortzing in 344

  Kubelík’s recordings 248

  Ludwig’s festival theatre scheme 41–2

  Meistersinger premièred (1868) 58

  Nationaltheater 225

  plunder and burning of synagogues 203

  Prinzregententheater 42, 61

  RW forced to leave 39, 85, 86

  RW’s debts wiped out by Ludwig II 27

  Schwabing 198

  Tristan premièred (1865) 41, 58

  Universitätsklinik 302

  von Bülow leaves Munich 42

  the von Bülows and RW live in 35

  Wieland dies in 303, 337

  Wieland studies in 198, 203, 222, 225

  Munich Court Theatre 42, 47

  Munich Hofbräuhaus 140

  Musical Courier 267

  Mussolini, Benito 145, 162, 179

  Napoleon Bonaparte xi, xii, 13, 20, 67, 80, 104

  Napoleon III, Emperor 20, 30, 88

  National Democratic Party 309–310, 312–13

  nationalism: in Die Grundlagen
107

  Nationalsozialistiche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)

  Munich Hofbräuhaus rally (1920) 140

  previously the DAP 140

  success of 140–41

  twenty-five-point programme 140

  Nazis 97, 348

  and the arts 174

  at Bayreuth 44, 148, 170

  attitudes to RW 181–5

  and the British upper class 210

  Bruno Walter flees 169

  burning of books 174, 175, 199

  and Chamberlain 108–9, 144

  come to power (1933) 164

  concentration camps 173, 199, 200, 215, 234, 237, 258

  ‘Day of Potsdam’ show (1933) 172–4

  efforts to transform Germany 198–200

  electoral victory as the only legal party remaining 174–5

  extent of their mass murder begins to emerge 259–60

  extermination camps 200

  French occupation 89

  Friedelind’s attitude towards xii, 206–7, 212

  Geissmar forced to flee Germany 162

  and Grunsky 98

  hatred of the Kroll 167, 174

  and improved situation in Weimar Germany 153

  Kristallnacht (1938) 199, 202–3

  membership lists 253

  and Nietzsche’s ‘superman’ and ‘will to power’ concepts 2

  number of RW performances falls 178–9

  Nuremberg racial laws (1935) 70, 199

  Nuremberg rallies 176, 177, 178, 184

  and Parsifal 182

  and Preetorius 277, 278

  propagandists 228

  revival of yellow star for Jews 66

  and the revolutionary Wagner 181

  and RW’s personal contacts 74

  Siegfried’s wife and sisters join the Nazi party 144

  speedy crushing of opposition 310

  sterilisation and medical experiments 200

  sympathisers categorised after the war 252

  Wieland joins the Party 203, 204, 252, 255

  Wieland takes photographs of top Nazis 195–6

  Wolfgang Wagner’s claims 203–4

  neo-classicism 180

  neo-Nazis 283, 323, 336

  Neu Germania 75–6, 98

  Neue Berliner Musikzeitung 84

  neue Sachlichkeit (new objectivity) 180

  Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (New Journal for Music) 70, 84

  Neuer Wagner-Verein (New Wagner Society) 103

  Neumann, Angelo 59, 74, 76

  Neuschwanstein castle, Germany 40

  ‘New Bayreuth’ 244, 246, 247, 248, 259, 290, 291, 297, 306, 313, 324, 341, 346, 349, 350, 351

  new classicism 180

  New York

  Carnegie Hall 274

  Friedelind in 220, 274

  Metropolitan Opera 220, 248, 274, 333

  Radio City 250

  staging of Parsifal 61

  New York Times 273, 275

  Newman, Ernest 79, 244, 246, 256

  Nietzsche, Elisabeth see Foerster

  Nietzsche, Friedrich xii, 5, 50, 55, 75, 96, 97

  attacks on RW 6

  Cosima burns correspondence 100

  on the first Bayreuth festival 45–6

  growing differences with RW 6

  last meeting with RW 51

  madness 5, 6, 45

  meets RW at Leipzig 2

  ‘superman’ and ‘will to power’ concepts 2

  unrequited love for Cosima 5

  vegetarianism 77

  visits RW at Tribschen 2

  – works

  Also Sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spake Zarathustra) 2

  Ecce Homo 5–6

  Der Fall Wagner (The Wagner Case) 82, 115

  Nikisch, Arthur 161, 166

  Nilsson, Birgit 299

  Nolde, Emil 203

  Nordic myth 19, 254

  North German Confederation 65, 86

  NSDAP see Nationalsozialistiche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei

  Nuovina, Marguerite de 117

  Nuremberg 114, 115, 175, 226, 231, 270, 293, 296

  Nazi rallies (Reichsparteitage) 176, 177, 178, 184, 293

  racial laws (1935) 70, 199, 283, 311

  war crimes trials 252, 283, 311

  Nussdorf, Bodensee 226, 238, 239, 241, 249, 252, 253, 296, 316, 337

  Oberländer, Theodor 311

  Oberwarmensteinach, near Bayreuth 241, 250, 254, 288

  Offenbach, Jacques: Hoffmanns Erzählungen (Tales of Hoffmann) 303

  Office of Strategic Services (US) 220

  officer corps 172

  Ohnesorg, Benno 310

  Olympic Games (Berlin, 1936) 199

  Opéra-Comique, Paris 117

  Orff, Carl 292

  Ormandy, Eugene 274

  Osiander, Karin 288

  Overhoff, Kurt 223, 224, 225, 229, 240, 253, 294

  Pacific Palisades, California 277

  Palazzo Rufolo, Ravello 53

  Palazzo Vendramin, Venice 1, 54

  Palermo, Sicily 53

  Palestine Orchestra (later the Israel Philharmonic) 246

  Panama Canal Company 89

  Papen, Franz von 172

  Paraguay 75, 98

  Paris 99, 246, 301

  1848 insurrection 9

  boulevards of 102

  coup d’état in (1851) 20

  Eva lives in 340, 344

  German advance on (1941) 216

  Gestapo in 218

  Marie d’Agoult works in 29

  Meyerbeer-besotted 85

  RW’s hatred for 13, 23, 76

  RW’s humiliation in 11–12, 13

  Tannhäuser barracked (1861) 23–4, 48

  Parsifal (character) 47, 182, 190, 338

  Pasquier, Antoine Amadeus 340

  Pasquier, Eva (née Wagner; Wolfgang’s daughter) 255

  appearance 342

  birth (1945) 241, 287

  close aide to her father 333

  and father’s divorce 333

  forbidden to play with her cousins 289

  international opera contacts 335

  lives in gardener’s cottage, Wahnfried 254

  marriage to Yves Pasquier 340

  music agent and consultant on singers 333

  no longer available to be director 343

  personality 333

  struggle for the directorship 341–2

  Pasquier, Yves 340

  Patersi de Fossombroni, Madame 30, 50, 88

  Paulus, Friedrich von 234

  Pearl Harbour, Japanese attack on (1941) 233

  Peenemünde rocket team 239

  Pente Pigadia 119

  Petri, Lili 102–3

  Pfitzner, Hans 150

  Philharmonia Orchestra 170

  Philharmonic Society, London 11

  Philippines 120

  Phillipsruh (Phillip’s Rest), Bayreuth 112, 113

  ‘phoney war’ 216

  Pilinszky, Sigismund 157, 158

  Planer, Minna see Wagner, Minna

  Planer, Natalie 10, 11, 26

  Plüddemann, Martin 56

  Poland

  invasion of (1939) 222

  and Oberländer 311

  Wolfgang injured in 222, 324

  Ponnelle, Jean-Pierre 345

  Porges, Heinrich 74, 87

  Port Said 121

  Potsdam 97

  ‘Day of Potsdam’ show 172–6

  Garrison Church 173

  Praeger, Ferdinand 98–100

  Wagner As I Knew Him 98–100

  Praeger affair 98–100

  Preetorius, Emil 170, 171, 191, 229, 230, 232, 277–8, 291–2

  Presley, Elvis 287

  press, the 200, 210, 287–8, 317, 323

  Pringle, Carrie 48, 54

  Prokofiev, Sergei: War and Peace 307

  Proksch, Udo 314–15

  Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 14, 15, 19

  Prussia

  becomes increasingly dominant 20

  Bismarck picks off Ba
varian rivals 37–8

  and creation of the Zollverein 13

  Franco-Prussian War 6, 65, 94

  military might 20

  Prussian army 20

  Prussian State Theatres 167

  Puccini, Giacomo 179, 333, 344

  Madama Butterfly 178

  Püringer, August 147, 148

  Queen Elizabeth Hall, London 338

  Queen’s Hall, London 116, 122

  racial degeneration 68–9, 104

  racism

  in the Blätter 98

  in Die Grundlagen 104, 105

  radio 177, 178, 190, 200, 259

  ‘Music in America’ 274

  Rakhmaninov, Sergey 274

  Rambauske, Werner 239

  Raphael 27, 156

  Rathenau, Walther 139

  Raubal, ‘Geli’ (Hitler’s niece) 146, 189

  Rauschning, Hermann 185

  Ravel, Maurice 180, 225

  Ravello, Italy 53

  Red Army Faction 312

  Redesdale, first Lord 108, 210

  Redesdale, second Lord 210

  Reichskanzlerei (chancellery) 190

  Reichskulturkammer (Reich Chamber of Culture) 174

  Reichsrundfunk (state radio service) 190

  Reinhardt, Max 159

  Reissinger, Adolf 224, 237

  Reissinger, Elfriede 253

  Reissinger, Gertrud see Wagner, Gertrud

  Reissinger, Hans 224, 248

  Reissinger, Luise 224

  Revolutions of 1848 9, 15, 29

  Rhine River 14

  Rhineland 140

  Hitler orders troops into (1936) 201

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von 209

  Richard Wagner associations 149

  Richard Wagner Foundation Bayreuth 58, 318–20, 335, 341, 342, 343, 351

  Richard Wagner Museum, Bayreuth 87

  Richter, Hans 42, 43, 46, 47, 61, 63, 116

  Riefenstahl, Leni 178, 323

  Rienzi (character) 176, 188

  Riga 11

  Rintelen, Franz von 217

  Ritter, Julie 26, 32

  Ritter, Karl 32

  Robber (RW’s dog) 11

  Röckel, August 14–15, 16

  Rockettes 250

  Rode, Wilhelm 149

  Röhm, Ernst 173, 202

  Röhm purge (1934) 202

  Roller, Alfred 177, 186, 191, 198, 234

  Roller, Ulrich 234, 235

  Rome

  ancient 104

  RW and Cosima visit Princess

  Carolyne 51

  Sistine Chapel 53

  Wagners given an audience with Mussolini 145

  Rommel, Erwin 233

  Roosevelt, Theodore 108

  Rooy, Anton van 61

  Rosenberg, Alfred 183

  Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts (The Myth of the Twentieth Century) 109

  Rosenberg, Wolf 314

  Rossbach, Gerhard 248

  Rothermere, Lord 210

  Rothschild family 87–8

  Royal Albert Hall, London 46

  Royal Family 209

  Royal Navy 106

  Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London 170, 208, 333

  Rubinstein, Joseph 74

  Ruhr region, French occupation of 140, 153

  Russian Revolution (1917) 139