by Green, Toby
27 This, it must be recognized, is contrary to the prevailing academic view that the Inquisition is best studied on the basis of individual tribunals. This book can and should be taken as a counter-argument to this fashionable thesis.
28 Jiménez Monteserín (ed.) (1980) 760.
29 Ibid. 760–1.
30 Ibid. 761–2.
31 Ibid. 762–5.
32 Ibid. 769–70.
33 Ibid. 770–2.
34 Ibid. 772–3.
35 Henningsen (1980) 32–6, 51.
36 Ibid. 54, 57, 108–12.
37 Ibid. 136.
38 Ibid. 150, 185–6.
39 Ibid. 232–307.
40 Saugnieux (1975) 80.
41 Mestre (1984) 1247–8.
42 Tomsich (1972) 25–7.
43 Saugnieux (1975) 10.
44 Ibid.
45 Ibid. 31; Tomsich (1972) 72.
46 Ibid. 65–72.
47 Saugnieux (1975) 23.
48 Ibid. 26, 55; Tomsich (1972) 45.
49 Saugnieux (1975) 59; Tomsich (1972) 31–2; Menéndez y Pelayo (1945: Vol. 6, 40 –61, 148–150) is the key work linking Jansenists to regalists, although he exaggerates the connections.
50 Ibid. 78.
51 Defourneaux (1963) 27.
52 Ibid. 28.
53 Ibid. 32–3; this was Father José Casani.
54 Ibid. 33 n.4.
55 Ibid. 34.
56 Poliakov (2003) 243 n.3.
57 Oliveira (ed.) (1887–1910) Vol. 16, 139.
58 Ibid.
59 Ibid. Vol. 16, 140.
60 Maxwell (1995) 24; Serrão (1982) 27–8.
61 Oliveira (ed.) (1887–1910) Vol. 16, 141.
62 Pageaux (1971) 83; the view of the Frenchman Etienne de Silhouette 1729–30.
63 Oliveira (1887–1910) Vol. 16, 140.
64 Serrão (1982) 31–2.
65 Ibid. 46–7; celebrations were held up and down the kingdom in June, and in July Pombal’s brother Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado was made secretary of state.
66 Fleches (1982–3) 300–8.
67 Ibid. 314. Pombal cannot be excused promotion of himself here, since the Jesuit kingdom in Paraguay stood in the way of the commercial company of the Grão Pará and Maranhão, which he had founded in 1755 as a state monopoly company to exploit these regions of Brazil, and in which he and members of his family had important commercial interests (Ibid. 300).
68 Ibid. 312.
69 Pereira (1982–3) 368–70.
70 Santos (1982–3) 118.
71 Ibid. 313.
72 Maxwell (1995) 91.
73 Rêgo (1984) 335; the full text of the decree is published ibid. 330–6.
74 Ibid. 311.
75 Baião (1945) 284–5; the statistics here make this emphasis clear, with the vast majority of cases in the 18th century for this crime.
76 Ibid. 285.
77 This idea obviously derives significantly from the Freudian notion of the ‘return of the repressed’.
78 Moreno Mancebo (1984) 1265–6.
79 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 1866, Expediente 1, folio 2v.
80 Ibid. folio 5v.
81 Ibid. folios 6v, 10r.
82 Ibid. folio 10v.
83 Ibid. folios 153v–154r.
84 Ibid. folio 30r.
85 Ibid. folios 30r, 38v, 45v, 47v, 54v, 78r, 83v
86 Sáınz Rodríguez (1962) 97.
87 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 1866, Expediente 1, folios 151r, 157v.
88 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 1866, Expediente 9. Note that this file has no folio numbers.
89 Ibid.
90 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 1866, Expediente 2, folio 568v.
91 Moreno Mancebo (1984) 1275.
92 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 1866, Expediente 1, folio 153v.
93 Moreno Mancebo (1984) 1274: Olavide es luterano / es francmason, es ateísta / es gentil, es calvinista / es judío, es arriano.
94 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 1866, Expediente 5.
95 Mestre (1984) 1250.
96 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 4465, Expediente 5.
97 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 4465, Expediente 17.
98 Ibid. folio 2r.
99 Mestre (1984) 1251.
100 Defoumeaux (1963) 46.
101 Marti Gilabert (1975) 44–5.
102 Defoumeaux (1963) 43 n.l.
103 Mestre (1984) 1252.
104 Bethencourt (1994) 174.
105 Saugnieux (1975) 40–1.
106 Pinta Llorente (1961) 123.
107 Ibid. 130–1.
108 Ibid. 125.
109 Ibid. 126.
110 Ibid. 131–2.
111 Ibid. 137.
112 Ferrer Benimeli (1976–7) Vol. 3, 81.
113 Ibid. 330–1.
114 Rêgo (1971) 125.
Fourteen – THE FAILURE OF FEAR AND THE FEAR OF FAILURE
1 Defourneaux (1963) 100.
2 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 4493, Expediente 8.
3 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 4518, Expediente 3.
4 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 4469, Expediente 33.
5 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 4492, Expediente 12.
6 Paz y Melia (1947) 141.
7 Ibid. 143.
8 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 4506, Expediente 7.
9 Garcia Camarero and Garcia Camarero (eds.) (1970) 48.
10 Ibid. 49.
11 Ibid. 51.
12 Ibid. 52.
13 Ibid. 114.
14 Ibid.
15 Cirac Estopañán (1942) 68–9.
16 Ibid. 80.
17 AHN, Inquisición, Legajo 3730, Expediente 15.
18 Cirac Estopañán (1942) 250; Menéndez y Pelayo (1945) Vol. 3, 352.
19 Trevor-Roper (1984) 115.
20 Boyajian (1993) 172–4; Ruiz (1987) 39.
21 Blázquez Miguel (1990) 34.
22 Saínz Rodríguez (1962) 96.
23 García Cárcel and Moreno Martínez (2000) 38.
24 Ibid. 64–5.
25 Souza (1987) 101.
26 Lithgow (1640) 484–5.
27 IAN/TT, CGSO, Livro 433: the case of Manuel Fernandes in the Auto of 24 July 1569.
28 Ibid. folio 22v (2 cases); folios 83r–84r, a total of seven Old Christians from Coimbra hiding conversos or warning them to flee from 1619.
29 This was not limited to the case of Pimienta outlined below. Other cases can be found ibid. folio 72r; also IAN/TT, CGSO, Livro 435, folio 29r (the case of Diogo de Asumpção from Lisbon in 1603, who was burnt alive). Many of the people adopting crypto-Judaism in west Africa and Latin America in these years were also Old Christians – see Green (2007) Part III, Chapter 3.
30 I derive the details for the case of Pimienta from Gottheil (1971).
31 Jiménez Lozano (1987).
32 Bernáldez (1962) 96–7. That this remained associated with the Jews is confirmed by subsequent inquisitorial cases; see for example IAN/TT, Inquisição d’Évora, Livro 89, folio 184r, a case of someone accused of making a ‘meal of meat with onion fried in oil . . . in the manner in which the conversos keep the Jewish ceremonies’.
33 Amílcar Paulo (n.d.), 43–4; Wachtel (2001a) 331ff.
34 Egido (1986); Marti Gilabert (1975) 22–3.
35 On these various attempts at reform see Jiménez Monteserín (1984) 1430–54.
36 Marti Gilabert (1975) 14.
37 Ibid. 81.
38 Ibid. 59, 86.
39 Ibid. 63.
40 Ibid. 19.
41 Ibid. 14.
42 Ibid. 35.
43 Blázquez Miguel (1990) 133.
44 Menéndez y Pelayo (1945) Vol. 5, 443.
45 Mirsky (2006) 37.
46 One of the noble and brilliant exceptions to this rule is Piccini (1992). Yet the depth of the problem is revealed through the fact that Piccini is herself a psychoanalyst.
47 Marti Gilabert (1975) 150.
48 DP, 227.
49 Marti Gilabert (1975) 169.
50 González Obregón
(ed.) (n.d.) 167, 169.
51 Ibid. 170.
52 Ibid. 171.
53 Ibid. 208.
54 Ibid.
55 Jiménez Monteserín (1984) 1476–7.
56 Rêgo (ed.) (1971) 7.
57 Rêgo (ed.) (1983) 18.
58 Mendonça and Moreira (1980) 128.
59 Marti Gilabert (1975) 297–308; Alonso Tejada (1969) 23.
60 Alonso Tejada (1969) 24–5.
61 Ibid. 28.
62 Blázquez Miguel (1990) 135.
Bibliography
ABBREVIATIONS
ACE
An Account of the Cruelties Exercis’d by the Inquisition in Portugal (1708)
AG
As Gavetas da Torre do Tombo, Rêgo, A. (1960–75)
AGI
Archivo General de las Indias, Seville
AHN
Archivo Histórico Nacional, Madrid
ASV
Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Vatican State
BA
Biblioteca da Ajuda, Lisbon
BAGN
Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación de México
BL
British Library Manuscripts Collection, London
CA
Collection of Autos, 1723–1724. British Library shelfmark 4071.i.3.(30)
CDIHE
Colección de Documentos Históricos para la História de España, Colección Fernández Navarrete
CGSO
Conselho Geral do Santo Officio, archival collection in IAN/TT
CRP
Crónica de Rui de Pina, Almeida (1977)
DH
Pray Bartolomé Carranza: Documentos Históricos, Tellechea Idigoras (1962–6)
DP
Discusión del Proyecto de Decreto Sobre el Tribunal de la lnquisición
ENE
Epistolario de la Nueva España, Pasoty Troncoso (1934)
HGCV
Historia Geral de Cabo Verde, Albuquerque and Santos (1988–90)
IAN/TT
Instituto dos Arquivos Nacionais da Torre do Tombo, Lisbon
IT
Copilación de las Instrucciones del Officio de la Sancta lnquisición, Hechas por el Muy Reverendo Señor Fray Thomas de Torquemada (1576)
MMA
Monumenta Misionária Africana, Segunda Serie, Brásio (1960–2004)
PD
Concordias Hechas y Firmadas Entre la Iurisdiccion Real y el Santo Oficio de la lnquisición. British Library shelfmark 4625.g.i
PV
Primeira Visitação do Santo Officio Ás Partes do Brasil: Denunciações da Bahia, 1591–1593 (1925)
TA
Traslado Autentico de Todos os Privilegios Concedidos Pelos Reis Destes Reinos, e Senhorios de Portugal aos Officiaes, e Familiares do Santo Officio (1768)
MANUSCRIPT SOURCES
I have not listed all the manuscripts which I have consulted for this book. For those so inclined, the notes reveal archival sources where appropriate. I have used collections in the following archives in the preparation of this book:
Archivio Segretto Vaticano, Vatican State
Archivo General de las Indias, Seville
Archivo Histórico Nacional, Madrid
Biblioteca da Ajuda, Lisbon
British Library Manuscripts Collection, London
Instituto dos Arquivos Nacionais da Torre do Tombo, Lisbon
For similar reasons of space, I have not included all the books consulted, but only those cited in the notes or most relevant to the subject.
PRIMARY SOURCES (PUBLISHED MATERIAL)
Alberti, L. de and Wallis Chapman, A.B. (eds) (1912): English Merchants and the Spanish Inquisition in the Canaries: Extracts from the Archives in Possession of the Most Hon. The Marquess of Bute. London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society.
Albuquerque, Luis de and Santos, Maria Emília Madeira (eds) (1988–90): História Geral de Cabo Verde: Corpo Documental. Lisbon: Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical; 2 vols.
Almeida, M. Lopes de (ed.) (1977): Crónicas de Rui de Pina. Porto: Lello & Irmão – Editores.
An Account of the Cruelties Exercis’d by the Inquisition in Portugal – Written by One of the Secretaries to the Inquisition (1708). London: R. Burrough and J. Baker.
Anonymous (1551/2?): ‘Navegação de Lisbon á Ilha de S. Thome, escrita por um Piloto Portugues’ in Colecção de Noticias . . . (1812), Vol. II, no. II.
Anonymous (ed.) (1964): Documentos de la Época de los Reyes Católicos. Vaduz: Kraus Reprint of CDIHE Vol. 8.
Azpilcueta Navarro, Martim de (1560): Manual de Confessores e penitentes, que clara e brevemente contem a universal decisam de quasi todas as duvidas q em as confissões soem ocorrer dos pecados, absoluições, restituyções, censuras, e irregularidades. Coimbra: Joan de Barreyra.
Barrios, Manuel (1991): El Tribunal de la Inquisición en Andalucía: Selección de Textos y Documentos. Seville: J. Rodríguez Castillejo S.A.
Beinart, Haim (ed.) (1974 –85): Records of the Trials of the Spanish Inquisition in Ciudad Real. Jerusalem: Israel National Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 4 vols.
Bernáldez, Andres (1962): Memorias del Reinado de los Reyes Católicos. Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia.
Biarnés i Biarnés, Carmen (ed.) (1981): Els Moriscos a Catalunya: Apunts d’Historia d’Asco: Documents Inèdits. Asco: Gràfiques Moncunill.
Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación (1935–7). Mexico City: Archivo General de la Nación; Vols 6–8.
Brásio, António (ed.) (1960 –2004): Monumenta Misionaria Africana: África Ocidental: Segunda Série – Vol. 1 (1958), Vol. 2 (1963), Vol. 3 (1964), Vol. 4 (1968), Vol. 5 (1979), Vol. 6 (1989), Vol. 7 (2004). Lisbon: Agência Geral do Ultramar, 7 vols.
Camões, Luís de (1973): Os Lusiadas. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Carletti, Francesco (1965): My Voyage Around the World. London: Methuen & Co.
Cohen, Martin A. (ed. and trans.) (1971b, first published 1935): ‘The Autobiography of Luis de Carvajal, the Younger’ in Cohen, Martin A. (ed.) (1971b), Vol. I., pp. 201–42.
Colección de Documentos Inéditos para la Historia de España. Madrid (1847): Imprenta de la Viuda de Calero.
Collection of Autos, 1723–1724. British Library shelfmark 4071.i.3.(30).
Concordias Hechas y Firmadas Entre la Iurisdiccion Real y el Santo Oficio de la Inquisición. British Library shelfmark 4625.g.i.
Conway, G.R.G. (ed.) (1927): An Englishman and the Mexican Inquisition 1556–1560 – Being an Account of the Voyage of Robert Tomson to New Spain, His Trial for Heresy in the City of Mexico and Other Contemporary Historical Documents. Mexico City: privately printed.
Copilación de las Instrucciones del Officio de la Sancta Inquisición, Hechas por el Muy Reverendo Señor Fray Thomas de Torquemada (1576). Madrid: Alonso Gomez.
Coustos, John (1803): Procedures Curieuses de l’Inquisition de Portugal Contre les Francs-Maçons. Vallée de Josephat: L.T.V.I.L.R.D.M.
Dellon, Charles (1698): A Voyage to the East Indies. London: D. Browne, A. Roper and T. Leigh.
Dellon’s Account of the Inquisition at Goa (1815). London: Baldwin, Craddock and Joy.
Discusión del Proyecto de Decreto Sobre el Tribunal de la Inquisición (1813). Cádiz.
Eymeric, Nicolas (1972): Manual de los Inquisidores. Buenos Aires: Rodolfo Afonso Editor; Gioia, Amanda Furns de (trans.).
Fernández Álvarez, Manuel (1971–83): Corpus Documental de Carlos V. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 5 vols.
Fernández del Castillo, Francisco (ed.) (1982): Libros y Libreros en el Siglo XVI. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Fleckno, Richard (n.d. – c. 1660): A Relation of Ten Years Travels in Europe, Asia, Affrique, and America. London: privately printed.
Fonseca, Damián (1612): Iusta Expulsión de los Moriscos de España. Rome: Iacomo Mascardo.
Ford, J.D.M. (ed. and trans.) (1931): Letters of John III, King of Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Freire, Anselmo Bramcamp et al. (eds) (1903 –18): Archivo Histórico Portuguez. Lisbon: Of. Tip., 11 vols.
Gandavo, Pero de Magalhães (1858): Historia da Provincia Santa Cruz, a que Vulgarmente Chamamos Brasil. Lisbon: Na Typographia da Academia das Sciencias.
García Fuentes, Jósé Maria (1981): La Inquisición en Granada en el Siglo XVI: Fuentes Para su Estudio. Granada: Talleres Gráficos Arte de Maracena.
García Mercadal, J. (ed.) (1999): Viajes de Extranjeros por España y Portugal Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, 5 vols.
Góis, Damião de (1949, first published 1566): Crónica do Felicíssimo Rei D. Manuel Coimbra: Por Ordem da Universidade, 2 vols.
González Obregón, Luis (ed.) (1935): Procesos de Luis de Carvajal (El Mozo). Mexico City: Talleres Gráficos de la Nación.
González Obregón, Luis (ed.) (n.d.): La Santa Inquisición en los Albores de la Independencia: Los Procesos Militar e Inquisitorial del Padre Hidalgo y de Otros Caudillos Insurgentes. Mexico City: Ediciones Fuente Cultural.
Gracia Boix, Rafael (ed.) (1982): Colección de Documentos para la Historia de la Inquisición de Córdoba. Cordoba: Publicaciones del Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba.
Hakluyt, Richard (ed.) (1600): The Third and Last Volume of the Voyages, Navigations, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation. London: George Bishop, Ralph Newberie and Robert Barker.
Hawkins, John (1569): A True Declaration of the Troublesome Voyage of M. John Hawkins to the Parties of Guynea and the West Indies, in the Yeares of Our Lord 1567, and 1568. London: Thomas Purfoote.
Jiménez Monteserín, Miguel (ed.) (1980): Introducción a la Inquisición Española. Madrid: Editora Nacional.
Jiménez Rueda, Julio (ed.) (1945): Corsarios Franceses e Ingleses en la Inquisición de la Nueva España, Siglo XVI. Mexico City: Archivo General de la Nación, Imprenta Universitaria.
Kagan, Richard L. and Dyer, Abigail (eds and trans.) (2004): Inquisitorial Inquiries: Brief Lives of Secret Jews and Other Heretics. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins Press.
Léry, Jean de (1975): Histoire d’un Voyage Fait en la Terre du Brésil Geneva: Librairie Droz.
Liebman, Seymour B. (ed. and trans.) (1974): Jews and the Inquisition of Mexico: The Great Auto de Fe of 1649. Lawrence, Ka.: Coronado Press.