500 Days

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500 Days Page 77

by Kurt Eichenwald

512: Details of the Military Commissions Act from Public Law 109-366, October 17, 2006, Military Commissions Act of 2006.

  512: The results of the lie-detector test conducted on Ahmed and Rasul’s decision not to participate from a videotape of the documentary Lie Lab, broadcast June 2, 2007.

  512–513: The sentence of Hamdan in his military commission trial from a transcript of the sentencing hearing.

  513: The changes in the case against the Algerian Six from Boudella CSRT Decision Report, Exhibits D(a) to D(jj), undated. Also see Craig Whitlock, “At Guantanamo, Caught in a Legal Trap,” Washington Post, August 21, 2006.

  513: The quote of Leon’s ruling from Memorandum Order, Boumediene v. Bush, civil case no. 04-1166, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, November 20, 2008.

  513: Details of the advancement in detecting anthrax mutations from press briefing by background official at the Justice Department, August 18, 2008; the Amerithrax Report; and the Anthrax Panel Report. Also see National Research Council of the National Academies of Sciences Independent Report Conducted for the FBI, “Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI’s Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters,” prepublication copy, 2011.

  513–514: Details of the FBI review of Ivins’s decontamination effort in April 2002 from FBI Electronic Communication from Washington Field Office Amerithrax-3, “Title: Amerithrax; Major Case 184,” May 24, 2005. Also see Amerithrax Report and Anthrax Panel Report.

  514: Information about the codes from the Amerithrax Report and the Anthrax Panel Report. Some understanding of such codes can be learned from Douglas Hofstadter’s astonishing book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, Basic Books, 1979.

  514: Findings in the search of Ivins’s garbage from the Anthrax Panel Report.

  515: Ivins’s statements on his YouTube account from archived copies of the writings. Also see the Anthrax Panel Report; the Amerithrax Report; and “Application and Affidavit Search Warrant,” signed by FBI special agent Marlo Arredondo, August 2, 2008, case no. 08-489-M-01, filed in the Federal District Court for the District of Columbia (second Arredondo affidavit).

  515–517: Some details of Ivins’s ravings during his group therapy session from Officer Reed Preece, Frederick Police Department, “Petition for Emergency Evaluation”; Protective Order filed by Jean C. Duley on July 24, 2008, from the FPD Victims’ Services Unit; Loumis Gene Alston, Frederick Police Department, “Supplemental Report,” OCA 2008044096, September 9, 2008. Also see the Anthrax Panel Report; the second Arredondo affidavit; and Application and Affidavit for Search Warrant, signed by Marlo Arredondo, August 7, 2008, case no. 08-497-M-01, filed in the Federal District Court for the District of Columbia (third Arredondo affidavit).

  517: The list of items found inside Ivins’s house from the Amerithrax Report.

  517: Details of Ivins’s purchases at Giant Eagle from the purchase log at the drugstore for July 24, 2008; and Alston, “Supplemental Report,” August 13, 2008, entry, September 9, 2008.

  517: Details of Ivins’s trip to the library from the second and third Arredondo affidavits.

  517: Quotes from the note left for Ivins by his wife, his reply, and her discovery of him unconscious from Alston, “Supplemental Report,” entry of August 19, 2008.

  518: Details of Ivins’s emergency treatment and subsequent death from EMS Patient Care Report, Ambulance 18, Notes of Paramedic Jonathan Newman, July 27, 2008; Medical records from Frederick Memorial Hospital, first entry by Brooke Geranis at 1:55 A.M. on July 27, 2008. Also see Alston, “Supplemental Report,” September 9, 2008; and Arredondo affidavits.

  519–520: Some details of the conversation between Piro and Saddam from U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Baghdad Operations Center, a report by Piro on the casual conversation with Saddam, May 13, 2004. Also see several reports from U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Baghdad Operations Center: Interview Session No. 1, February 7, 2004; Interview Session No. 10, February 27, 2004; and Interview Session No. 12, March 5, 2004.

  520–522: Some details of the pursuit and killing of Osama bin Laden from Press Briefing by Senior Administration Officials on the Killing of Osama Bin Laden, May 2, 2011; official transcript, “Remarks by the President on Osama Bin Laden,” May 2, 2011; Nicholas Schmidle, “Getting Bin Laden,” New Yorker, August 8, 2011; Mark Thompson, “Inside the Osama Bin Laden Strike: How America Got Its Man,” Time, May 3, 2011; Associated Press, “The Man Who Hunted Osama Bin Laden,” July 5, 2011; Jonathan Landy, “Bin Laden Raid Years in the Making, Minutes in Execution,” McClatchy Newspapers, May 2, 2011; and Caren Bohan, Mark Hosenball, Tabassum Zakaria, and Missy Ryan, “The Kill Plan,” Reuters, May 2011.

  INDEX

  Page numbers beginning with 525 refer to endnotes.

  A

  Abbottabad, Pakistan, 520–21

  ’Abd al-Hadi, 493

  Abdel-Rahman, Omar, 293, 550

  Abdullah, Abdullah Ahmed, 254

  Abdul Qadoos, Ahmed, 483

  Abou El Fadl, Khaled, 534

  Abu Abdullah, 219

  Abu al-Hasnat, 249

  Abu al-Libi, 549

  Abu Hafs, see Atef, Mohammed

  Abu Maali, 119

  Abu Omar, 346, 405–7, 411, 478–79, 480, 511

  Abu Zubaydah, 103–4, 119, 121, 562

  capture of, 240, 248, 249–50, 277

  CIA’s interrogation of, 278–81, 282, 284–85, 322, 337–38, 342, 344–45, 348–49, 559

  FBI interrogation of, 253–55, 277–78, 279–80, 345

  Padilla’s identification by, 280, 304, 305

  torture of, 280, 284–85, 321, 337–38, 342, 348–49, 559

  wounding of, 249, 250–51, 254, 277

  Adam, Ibrahym, 86, 274

  Addington, David, 58–59, 507

  in Afghanistan targeting situation, 111–12

  Bellinger e-mail criticism by, 80

  in congressional resolution drafting, 58, 59–62

  in detainee treatment policy formation, 224, 225, 227

  Guantanamo visit of, 367

  in Hamdi case, 259, 310, 314, 408

  legal expertise of, 58, 59

  in military commissions formation, 83–84, 136, 137, 140, 144, 145, 149, 150, 151, 153–54, 156, 157, 221, 246, 247

  and military interrogation policy, 456

  in Padilla case, 305, 307

  in surveillance powers expansion, 95, 96, 105, 106–7

  Afghanistan, 549

  Almalki’s connection to, 85, 102, 223, 276

  al-Qaeda flight from, 151, 158, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178–80

  al-Qaeda’s escape routes from, 178, 180–81, 184–85, 189, 248

  al-Qaeda’s harboring in, 4–5, 41, 50, 74, 220, 242, 243, 340

  Blair’s visit to, 201–2

  Bush’s interest in, 505

  CIA presence in, 56, 60

  drought situation in, 74

  El-Maati’s time in, 102, 533–34

  factional fighting in, 8, 14–15, 41–42, 64, 73, 87, 162, 202

  historic sites in, 82, 92

  Muslims’ travel to, 533–34

  political status of, 188, 226, 230

  suspicious White House call to, 118, 123

  terrorist training camps in, 4, 74, 243, 322, 340, 547

  transitional government in, 201–2

  U.S. bounties offered in, 189

  see also Taliban

  Afghanistan War:

  air campaign in, 82, 113–14, 139, 141, 143, 146–47, 149, 158, 168, 173, 175, 176, 179–80, 242, 243, 253

  allies in, 73, 78, 80, 81, 87, 90, 91, 114, 184, 240

  al-Qaeda intelligence gathered in, 163, 242–43

  al-Qaeda pursuit in, 162, 173, 175, 176, 178–80

  bin Laden’s movements in, 150–51, 158–59, 162, 172, 177, 179, 180, 183–84, 186, 250, 543

  British involvement in, 114, 137, 142, 180, 202, 240

  CIA’s role in, 56, 64, 73, 78, 86
–87, 137, 138, 143, 146, 149, 162, 169, 171, 175, 176, 177, 180, 184

  Defense Department’s role in, 56, 78, 81, 82, 111, 137, 146

  detainee treatment in, 175, 213–15, 217–18, 219–20, 224–27, 229–30, 232

  Eastern Alliance in, 162, 177, 178, 179

  enemy bomb-making operation in, 296, 297, 298

  first U.S. casualty in, 171

  ground operations in, 138–39, 140–41, 143, 147, 149, 151, 158, 159, 166–67, 175

  Guantanamo intelligence used in, 296, 297, 298

  horses in, 138, 147

  initial predictions about, 65

  legal reviews in, 81, 82, 111–12

  logistical problems in, 80–81

  military’s role in, 56, 64, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 137, 146, 149, 159, 173, 177, 180, 181, 184

  Northern Alliance’s role in, 56, 64, 73, 87, 114, 137–38, 139, 143, 146, 147, 149, 151, 158, 159, 162, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 174–75, 186

  Operation Jawbreaker in, 87, 138, 143, 162, 175, 176, 177, 184

  Pakistan’s role in, 73, 80, 91, 177

  political uniqueness of, 225

  POW status in, 186, 187, 188, 217–18, 220, 226–27, 230, 232

  Predator drones in, 64, 73, 141

  prisoners taken in, 167–71, 174–76, 186, 189

  religious concerns in, 82

  Rumsfeld’s opinion of, 89, 146, 149, 177

  strategy dispute in, 74, 137, 146, 149, 177–78

  target selection in, 81, 82, 111–12, 113–14

  U.S. strategy in, 64, 71, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 137, 138, 142

  warlords in, 143, 150, 151, 162

  Agency for International Development, U.S., 74

  Ahmed, Ruhal, 174, 512

  Air Force, U.S., 455

  in Afghanistan War, 80

  SERE school of, 330

  Air Force One:

  on 9/11, 30, 34, 38–40

  as terrorist target, 91

  Albania, al-Qaeda plot in, 7

  Alcatraz, 195

  Aleutian Islands, 196

  Alfi, Hassan al-, 546

  Algerian Six, 135, 205, 206, 215–16, 217, 511, 513

  see also Boumediene, Lakhdar

  Ali, Hazrat, 162

  Ali, Nadir, 169

  Ali Riza, Shaha, 506

  al-Jam’a al-Islamiyyah al-Muqatilah, 193

  Al Jazeera:

  al-Qaeda’s 9/11 admission to, 257–58, 267–69, 308–9

  bin Laden’s use of, 114, 268

  Allen, Belinda, 397, 399

  Allen & Company, 505

  Almalki, Abdullah:

  Arar’s relationship to, 125–26, 370, 371, 375, 379, 380, 388, 389, 390, 510, 539

  Canadian intelligence’s interest in, 85–86, 101, 102, 272, 274–75

  El-Maati’s interrogation about, 162–63, 165, 227, 272

  Mounties’ suspicion of, 102, 126, 222

  release of, 510

  Syria arrival of, 271–73

  Syrians’ arrest of, 272–74

  Syrians’ torture of, 274–77, 349, 370, 375, 379–80, 389, 510

  al-Odah et al. v. United States, 311, 318, 335

  al-Qaeda:

  in Afghanistan conflict, 8, 14–15, 42

  Afghanistan flight of, 151, 158, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178–80

  Afghanistan’s harboring of, 4–5, 41, 50, 74, 220, 242, 243, 340

  Afghanistan War prisoners from, 169, 186, 189

  al-Libi’s intelligence on, 208

  American public interest in, 505

  anthrax attacks’ linkage to, 128, 128n, 129, 133, 222

  anthrax development program of, 128, 166, 204, 222, 492

  bin Laden opposition in, 52, 179, 180, 208

  bin Laden’s Afghanistan abandonment of, 172, 179, 183, 184

  bin Laden’s funding of, 546, 547, 548

  Canadian hunt for, 102, 131, 147, 163; see also Almalki, Abdullah; Arar, Maher; El-Maati, Ahmad

  Cheney’s beliefs about, 76, 96–97, 128, 128n, 129

  communications system of, 5, 96, 97, 99, 117, 243, 248, 250, 351, 482, 483, 546

  FBI interrogations of, 278

  financial network of, 93–94, 95, 97, 119, 132, 243

  founding of, 4

  global presence of, 74

  Guantanamo Bay interrogations of, 238, 332, 339–40, 444, 520, 549; see also Guantanamo Bay, al-Qahtani’s interrogation at

  Heathrow plot of, 475, 491–92

  hideouts of, 4–5

  interrogation policy on, 192, 193–95, 209

  Iraq’s suggested ties to, 208, 219, 233, 234, 343–44, 345, 383, 401–2, 494, 504

  Jemaah Islamiyah’s ties to, 165–66, 347, 394, 415, 492, 493

  KSM’s intelligence on, 491–93

  library of, 549

  Manchester Manual’s mistaken linkage to, 128n, 193–95, 194n, 282, 293, 301, 544–52

  in Massoud assassination, 56

  membership requirements for, 547–48

  news footage of, 6

  9/11 admission by, 257–58, 267–69, 308–9

  9/11 celebration by, 51

  9/11 evidence against, 33, 40, 41, 45–46, 50, 53, 54, 242, 324–25

  9/11 plans of, 12, 16, 63–64, 242, 325, 340

  operational methods of, 491, 547

  organizational structure of, 340, 344, 348–49, 547

  Padilla’s designation as, 305

  Pakistan arrests of, 185, 185n, 207, 239–40, 247–50, 351, 361–63, 482–84, 492, 493

  Pakistan escape routes of, 178, 180–81, 184–85, 189, 248

  political status of, 60, 98, 187, 188, 217, 217n, 218, 225–26, 230, 232

  post-9/11 intelligence gathering on, 96–97, 98, 99, 102, 117, 118, 119, 147, 163, 192, 203, 204, 208, 219, 221–22, 227, 233, 238, 240, 242–43, 248, 250, 253, 254–55, 272, 276–77, 281, 282, 309, 322, 325, 332, 340, 344–45, 348–49, 351, 361, 363, 372, 403, 422–26, 475, 482–84, 491–93, 509, 510, 544

  post-9/11 plots of, 147, 208, 325, 345, 475, 491, 508, 562

  pre-9/11 attacks by, 5, 63, 97, 103, 104, 345

  pre-9/11 intelligence on, 7–9, 97

  recruitment methods of, 322

  recruitment success of, 449

  Saudi connection to, 117, 150, 243

  Shura Council of, 344

  Sunni fundamentalist doctrine of, 185

  thwarted attacks by, 7–8

  training camps of, 4, 74, 243, 322, 340, 547, 548

  U.S. bounties offered for, 189, 245

  U.S. retaliation against, 41, 42, 56, 64, 72, 73–74, 78, 79, 81, 91, 143, 162; see also Afghanistan War; war on terror

  videos by, 104

  weapons possessed by, 5, 548

  weapons sought by, 3, 5, 128, 233, 279, 402, 494, 548

  Western recruits to, 491

  Zawahiri’s role in, 243, 551

  see also bin Laden, Osama

  Al Udeid Air Base, 498

  AMEC, 164

  American Airlines flight 63, 189–91

  American Airlines flight 77, 26, 33, 46, 237, 503

  American Enterprise Institute, 506

  American Family Association Journal, 131–32

  American Media Incorporated, 128

  American Society for Microbiology, 231

  Annan, Kofi, 328, 366, 487

  anthrax, 68, 76, 128n

  al-Qaeda’s work on, 128, 166, 204, 222, 492

  Ames strain of, 228

  biological fingerprint in, 232, 513

  effects of, 108

  Fort Detrick contamination with, 161–62

  Iraqi production of, 469

  Ivins’s work on, 108–9, 115, 166, 185, 489

  vaccine for, 109, 115, 166

  anthrax attacks:

  al-Qaeda’s mistaken linkage to, 128, 128n, 129, 133, 222

  first wave of, 77, 88, 91–92, 101, 107–8, 115, 121–22, 123–25, 126, 127–28

  investigation of, 124, 125, 128, 131, 133, 134, 222, 228, 231–33, 266, 340, 412, 513–18

  seco
nd wave of, 115, 131–32, 173, 228

  Arafat, Yasser, 91, 261

  Arar, Maher:

  Almalki’s interrogation about, 277, 370, 375, 379, 380, 389, 510

  Almalki’s relationship to, 125–26, 371, 388, 390, 539

  Canadian authorities’ suspicion of, 126, 222–24, 370, 419, 420–21, 509

  Canadian restitution to, 509–10

  El-Maati’s relationship to, 163, 165, 227, 272, 370, 371, 389, 510

  false al-Qaeda identification of, 387–88, 389

  release of, 509

  Syrian imprisonment of, 374, 381–82, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 418–19, 420–21

  U.S. detention of, 370–74, 376–77, 380–82, 384–87, 388–90, 418, 510

  wife’s search for, 375, 376

  Armitage, Richard, 81, 381–82

  Armstrong, Ann, 42

  Army, U.S.:

  in Afghanistan War, 140–41, 177, 181, 184

  al-Libi’s detention by, 207

  anthrax vaccinations for, 115, 166

  Construction Battalion 423 of, 245

  Fourth Infantry Division’s First Brigade Combat Team of, 518–19

  and Guantanamo interrogation program, 434

  202nd Military Intelligence Battalion of, 242

  see also Special Forces, U.S.

  Army, U.S., Special Operations Command of, Psychological Operations unit of, 189

  Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID), 206, 242

  Army Rangers, 140–41, 177, 181, 184, 361, 362–63

  Ashcroft, John, 506

  and anthrax attacks, 128

  and CIA interrogation policy, 282, 283, 343

  in detainee treatment policy position of, 230

  in law enforcement power expansion, 78

  in military commissions dispute, 145, 148, 149–50, 151, 152, 183

  in Moussaoui indictment, 178, 181

  on 9/11, 24, 46

  in Padilla case, 305, 306–8

  pre-9/11 warnings ignored by, 9–10, 528, 529, 530

  in surveillance powers expansion, 106, 141–42

  Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan, radioactive waste storage site in, 5

  Atef, Mohammed (Abu Hafs), 6–7, 166, 243

  Atif, Ahmed, 13

  Atta, Mohammed, 269, 344, 441

  9/11 preparations by, 12, 325

  Attas, Hussein al-, 13

  Atyani, Baker, 3, 4, 5–7

  Australia, Iraq War opposition in, 401

  Australian Federal Police, 413

  Ayres, David, 529

  Aznar, José Maria, 494

  Azores, Iraq War summit in, 493–96

 

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