500 Days

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500 Days Page 78

by Kurt Eichenwald


  B

  Bachelot, Roselyne, 463

  Baghdad International Airport, 519

  Bagram Air Base, 207, 378, 387, 484

  Bakkali, Kacem, 15

  Bali attacks, 394–401

  bombs used in, 394

  British travel advisory prior to, 367, 377

  intelligence gathered on, 367

  international response to, 401–2

  investigation of, 413–15

  KSM’s intelligence on, 492

  preparation for, 346–48

  Bandar bin Sultan, Prince, 116

  Bank of England, 53

  Barksdale Air Force Base, 39

  Barroso, José Manuel, 494

  Bartlett, Andrew, 401

  Bartlett, Dan, 471, 472

  Bataan, USS, 218

  Batarfi, Ayman, 183

  Battelli, Gianfranco, 126–27, 132

  Baumgartner, Daniel, 327–28, 330–32, 473

  Bayh, Evan, 69

  Bayt al-Ruman, 4–5

  BBC, 353, 467

  Beaver, Diane, 378, 403–4, 435–36, 437

  Becker, Dave, 378

  Behmen, Alija, 135, 204, 205–6

  Beirut, Lebanon, 1983 terrorist attack in, 31

  Belger, Monte, 25–26, 27

  Bell, Griffin, 246

  Bellinger, John, III:

  in Afghanistan targeting situation, 111

  and CIA interrogation policy, 280, 281, 282

  “dead or alive” e-mail of, 79, 80

  in military commissions dispute, 157, 158

  in shootdown order legal question, 35

  Bellini, Colonel, 406

  Bensayah, Belkacem, 118, 119–21

  Berenson, Bradford, 68, 92–93, 102–3, 136–37, 154, 313, 314

  Berkeley Law School, 506

  Berlusconi, Silvio, 132–33, 346

  Berntsen, Gary, 162, 184

  Bešić, Muhamed, 121

  Bible, 460

  Biden, Joe, 66, 69, 70–71

  bin al-Shibh, Ramzi, 269, 308, 351, 361, 363

  bin Laden, Amal, 521

  bin Laden, Khalid, 521

  bin Laden, Osama:

  in 9/11 planning, 63, 242

  Afghanistan escape of, 186, 250, 543

  in Afghanistan War, 150–51, 158–59, 162, 172, 177, 179, 180, 183–84, 186

  Afghan resistance to, 14, 15, 42

  al-Qaeda authority of, 344

  al-Qaeda funding by, 546, 547, 548

  al-Qaeda opposition to, 52, 179, 180, 208

  assassination plots against, 369, 529

  burial of, 521–22

  Bush’s “dead or alive” statement about, 79

  Bush’s interest in, 505

  children named after, 94

  death of, 520–21

  goals of, 548–49

  Hamdan’s intelligence on, 168, 242–43

  Islamic beliefs of, 117

  Manchester Manual’s predating of, 194, 546

  media’s use by, 6, 114, 268

  Muslim recruitment by, 533

  9/11 attack warning by, 5–7

  9/11 reaction of, 51, 64

  philosophy of, 4

  post-9/11 movements of, 63

  post-9/11 statements of, 94–95, 104, 114–15

  pursuit of, 41, 56, 73, 78, 79, 82–83, 87, 90, 162, 173, 177, 180, 184, 186, 248, 363, 483, 484

  recruitment methods of, 322

  Saddam’s suggested link to, 72, 89, 343–44, 497

  tactics of, 40, 340

  Taliban’s harboring of, 6, 41, 50, 73, 78, 90

  weapons sought by, 3, 128, 548

  see also al-Qaeda

  bin Nurhasyim, Amrozi, 347, 414–15

  biological weapons, 68

  al-Libi’s interrogation about, 233

  Bush administration’s concerns about, 75–77, 129

  Saddam’s stockpile of, 76, 128, 129, 469

  see also anthrax; smallpox; weapons of mass destruction

  Bioport Corporation, 166

  Black, Cofer, 171

  in Afghanistan War planning, 64, 65, 73, 87, 141

  at 9/11 hearings, 350–51, 368–70

  in 9/11 response efforts, 62–63

  pre-9/11 concerns of, 8, 9

  Blackman, J. Scott, 374, 389

  Blair, Bob, 30

  Blair, Cherie, 201, 391, 497

  Blair, Tony:

  on 9/11, 40–41

  Afghanistan visit of, 201–2

  and Afghanistan War strategy, 137–38

  at Azores meeting, 493–95

  Blix’s phone call with, 480–81

  British opposition to, 244, 328, 339, 402, 422, 466, 471, 485, 486, 494, 496–97

  Bush’s relationship with, 54–55, 71–72, 90–91, 137–38, 240, 244, 245, 260–62, 263, 265, 322, 339, 353, 354–57, 363–64, 421–22, 466, 468, 470–71, 473, 485, 494, 495

  Cheney’s meeting with, 241–42, 243

  Frost’s interview of, 467–68

  in Heathrow plot response, 475

  Iraq first strike notification to, 499–500

  Iraq policy of, 72

  Iraq War legal analysis for, 468, 488–89

  in Iraq War parliamentary vote, 496–97

  Iraq War position of, 241–42, 244, 245, 251–53, 260–62, 263, 316, 321, 322, 328–29, 354, 355–56, 357, 363–64, 365, 391, 393, 394, 402, 421–22, 451–53, 466, 467–68, 470, 471, 472–73, 480–81, 485, 486, 488–89, 495, 496–97, 504–5

  Iraq War press conference misstep by, 472–73

  9/11 response strategy of, 41, 53–55, 71, 72, 90, 91

  political downfall of, 504

  Putin’s meeting with, 391–94

  Blee, Richard, 33

  Blix, Hans, 366, 409–11, 421, 445, 454, 467, 469, 471, 472, 476–77, 479, 480, 481, 487, 488

  Bolduc, John, 138

  Bolten, Josh, 1, 3, 32

  Bolton, Emily, 212

  Bonk, Ben:

  on Iraq’s al-Qaeda connection, 343–44

  in Libyan intelligence meeting, 116–18, 123

  in 9/11 response efforts, 33, 62–63

  and Predator drone program, 57

  at pre-election intelligence briefing, 1–3, 76

  Spann family notification by, 171–72

  and weapons of mass destruction report, 383, 384

  Border Patrol, U.S., 10

  Bosnia-Herzegovina:

  counterterrorism operation in, 118–21, 134–35, 204–6, 215–16, 229 see also Algerian Six

  Bosnian War, 118, 135

  Boston, Mass., 9/11 flight from, 16–17

  botulism, 76

  Boumediene, Lakhdar, 511, 512, 513

  Bourke, Richard, 212, 213

  Bovis Lend Lease, 164

  Bowen, Stuart, 154

  Boyce, Michael, 252, 451, 452

  Brant, David, 430–31, 432, 433, 443

  Breyer, Stephen, 310

  briefcase bomb, 1, 2, 3

  Brinkema, Leonie, 269, 270, 271

  Brokaw, Tom, 88, 107, 110, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 128

  Brosnahan, James, 326

  Brown, Bob, 401

  Brown, Gordon, 504

  Brown, Michael, 75

  Buddhas of Bamiyan, 92

  Buffam, Randy, 222–24

  Burns, William, 116

  burying alive, 333

  Bush, George H. W., 60, 500

  Bush, George W.:

  in Afghanistan War planning, 64–65, 73, 74, 78, 79, 87, 137, 138, 180, 181

  in Algerian Six case, 205, 215, 216, 229

  and anthrax attacks, 129

  at Azores meeting, 493–96

  Bali attack response of, 401–2

  Berlusconi’s meeting with, 132–33, 346

  bin Laden “dead or alive” statement of, 79

  biological weapons concerns of, 75, 76–77

  Blair’s relationship with, 54–55, 71–72, 90–91, 137–38, 240, 244, 245, 260–62, 263, 265, 322, 339, 353, 354–57, 363–64, 421–22, 466, 468, 470–71, 473, 485
, 494, 495

  Campbell’s relationship with, 264–65, 356, 357, 495

  Cheney’s 9/11 phone calls with, 29, 30–31, 32, 35

  Cheney’s relationship with, 505

  Chirac’s conversation with, 458–59

  and CIA interrogation program, 283

  CIA’s strengthening by, 74, 79, 127

  detainee treatment policy of, 187, 217, 218, 224–25, 227, 229–30, 232, 236

  in detention center decision, 196, 197

  faith of, 265, 459, 460, 461

  first 9/11 statement of, 40

  and Hamdi case, 309

  Iraq policy of, 51, 56, 72

  Iraq “ultimatum speech” of, 495–96, 498, 499, 500

  Iraq War plan of, 243, 244, 245, 251, 252, 260–62, 263, 316, 321–22, 328, 329, 338–39, 351, 353, 354, 355, 357, 363, 364–66, 391, 393, 401–2, 410–11, 421–22, 449, 458–59, 460–62, 470–71, 472, 473, 480, 481, 486, 493–95, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 504

  Iraq War preoccupation of, 505

  Middle East policy address by, 314–16, 322

  military commissions order by, 145, 148, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 174, 221, 247, 512

  in Moussaoui indictment, 178

  9/11 movements of, 22, 27, 29, 31, 38–40, 45, 48

  9/11 Oval Office address of, 49–50, 54

  9/11 response of, 46, 47–48, 49–51, 54–55; see also war on terror

  9/11 shootdown order of, 31, 32, 34–36, 61

  9/11’s impact on, 508

  in Padilla case, 305

  personality of, 2, 264–65

  political downfall of, 504

  post-9/11 access to, 68

  pre-election intelligence briefing of, 1–3, 76, 129

  Putin’s appeals from, 486

  reelection effort of, 241

  in surveillance powers expansion, 105, 106

  Syria’s condemnation by, 509

  2002 State of the Union address of, 228–29

  United Nations Iraq speech of, 357, 363–66

  war on terror policy of, 49–51, 55–56, 71–72, 78, 82, 90, 91, 93, 114, 117, 118, 204, 216, 229, 449

  war on terror rhetoric of, 91

  war powers of, 35–36, 47–48, 57, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68–71, 139–40, 156, 160, 161, 224–25, 309, 318, 334, 436, 438, 464, 465, 471, 476, 504, 506, 507, 512

  and waterboarding policy, 334

  weapons inspectors’ meeting with, 410–11

  Bush, Larry, 101

  Bush, Laura, 500

  Bush administration, xi, xii

  Blair’s concerns about, 41

  challenges faced by, 508

  and European war opposition, 461–63

  and Ground Zero instability situation, 164–65

  legal challenges to, 160, 174, 212–13, 217, 235–37, 259, 262, 311–12, 313, 323, 329–30, 408–9, 443–44, 510, 511–13; see also detainee treatment, legal battle over; enemy combatants, legal battle over; Hamdi, Yaser Esam, legal case of

  media relations of, 105

  policy development in, 156, 157–58

  Powell’s criticism of, 505

  pre-9/11 counterterrorism efforts of, 7, 8, 9–10, 37, 56–57, 529, 530

  pre-9/11 warnings ignored by, 7, 8, 9–10, 350, 369, 508, 528–30

  public relations debacles in, 306–8, 353, 356, 365

  Putin’s criticism of, 392–93

  threat matrix’s use in, 203, 204, 222, 508

  weapons inspectors’ pressuring by, 487

  see also Ashcroft, John; Cheney, Dick; Gonzales, Alberto; Powell, Colin; Rice, Condoleezza; Rumsfeld, Donald

  Bush at War (Woodward), 526

  Bybee, Jay, 333, 334

  Byrd, Robert, 71

  C

  C-5 Galaxy transport planes, 80

  Cahill, Kevin, 122, 123

  Callaghan, Patrick, 370, 371

  Cambone, Steve, 22, 26, 28

  Camp, Libby, 57

  Campbell, Alastair, 40, 202, 264–65, 356, 357, 471, 472, 495

  Campbell, Matthew, 176

  Campbell, Shelley, 397, 398, 399

  Camp Cropper, 519

  Camp David, 72–73, 354

  Camp X-Ray, 198, 210, 220–21, 312, 422

  Canada:

  al-Qaeda suspects in, 101–2, 131, 147, 163, 222–24; see also Almalki, Abdullah; Arar, Maher; El-Maati, Ahmad

  Arab community in, 125, 418

  Arar deportation case in, 375, 380, 385, 418–19, 420–21, 509–10

  El-Maati and Almalki cases in, 511, 533

  El-Maati’s departure from, 152–53

  in Iraq War, 418

  Middle Eastern intelligence sharing with, 130, 147, 161

  Powell’s visit to, 417–19

  suspected al-Qaeda plot against, 147

  U.S. border with, 42, 85, 418

  U.S. intelligence sharing with, 84–85, 272, 349, 381, 384, 388

  U.S. relations with, 418

  Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS):

  Almalki’s encounters with, 85–86, 101, 102, 272, 274–75

  and Arar case, 509

  in El-Maati investigation, 43–45, 101, 130, 146, 147, 533

  Canoles, Dave, 25

  Capitol, U.S., 51

  Card, Andy, 49, 67–68, 151, 152, 261, 470, 500

  Carey, Deborah, 399

  Carl Vinson, USS, 521–22

  Castelli, Jeffrey, 126–27, 406, 407

  CBS, 39

  cell phones, 96, 546

  Center for Constitutional Rights, 159, 236, 311, 318

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 107, 124–25, 126, 128

  Central Command, U.S., 80, 81, 173, 184, 252, 260, 498

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 93, 94, 95, 98, 105, 123, 129, 203, 222, 243, 361, 439

  Afghanistan operations of, 56, 60

  in Afghanistan War, 64, 73–74, 78, 86–87, 137, 138, 143, 146, 149, 162, 169, 171, 175, 176, 177, 180, 184

  Al Jazeera interview obtained by, 309

  al-Libi interrogation information at, 208, 209

  al-Libi’s interrogation by, 209, 218–19

  al-Libi’s rendition by, 219, 233

  in Almalki case, 272

  and al-Qaeda nuclear reactor threat, 325

  in Arar case, 381, 384

  bin Laden assassination plots of, 369

  bin Laden capture plan of, 520

  bin Laden’s pursuit by, 56

  Bush’s pre-election intelligence briefing by, 1–3

  in detainee treatment debate, 187

  in El-Maati case, 147, 165

  FBI intelligence sharing with, 350, 529

  Global Response Center of, 141

  in Guantanamo interrogation policy conflict, 404

  identification techniques of, 249, 250

  interrogation methods used by, 279, 280, 282, 283, 284–85, 332, 333–34, 337–38, 342–43, 490, 491

  interrogation program of, 192, 193, 194, 195, 209, 218–19, 253, 255–57, 277, 278–85, 299–300, 322, 325, 332, 333–34, 337–38, 342–43, 344–45, 348–49, 370, 456, 457, 484, 559, 562

  interrogation research study by, 256–57

  on Iraq’s al-Qaeda connection, 343–44

  in Iraq War planning, 422, 497, 498

  Iraq weapons report of, 383–84, 392

  Italian rendition plot of, 126–27, 132, 345–46, 405–7, 411–12, 426–27, 477–79, 480, 511

  Jemaah Islamiyah’s crippling by, 492–93

  KSM’s interrogation by, 484, 487, 490–93

  military interrogators’ meeting with, 377–79, 403, 442

  and Moussaoui investigation, 529

  Office of Inspector General of, 62

  operational authority of, 74, 79, 127, 350, 369–70

  in Padilla case, 305

  paramilitary units of, 64, 73, 169

  Powell’s criticism of, 505

  renditions by, 127, 219, 233, 277, 333

  secret prisons of, 253, 332, 486–87, 504, 557, 572–73

 
Special Operations Group of, 406

  in Zubaydah capture, 240, 248, 253, 254, 277

  Zubaydah’s interrogation by, 278–81, 282, 284–85, 322, 337–38, 342, 344–45, 348–49, 559

  see also Tenet, George

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Counterterrorist Center of:

  al-Qaeda plots prevented by, 7–8

  Black’s defense of, 350–51, 368–70

  funding of, 37, 57, 62, 74, 87, 350, 369

  and interrogation policy, 279, 370

  9/11 investigation by, 32–33, 37–38, 45–46, 255

  Operation Jawbreaker of, 87, 138, 143, 162, 175, 176, 177, 184

  post-9/11 work of, 62, 73–74, 350, 369–70

  pre-9/11 intelligence gathered by, 7, 8–9, 350, 369, 530

  Predator drone program of, 56–57, 64, 73, 141, 350

  scapegoating of, 8, 62–63, 350, 369

  Special Operations branch of, 149

  in Stellar Wind operations, 105

  Chamberlain, Casey, 88, 107

  Chechnya, Russian assault on, 54, 81

  chemical weapons, 68, 129

  see also weapons of mass destruction

  Cheney, Dick:

  Addington’s relationship with, 58

  in Afghanistan War planning, 64, 75, 142, 180, 181

  in Algerian Six case, 205

  and anthrax attacks, 128, 128n, 129

  biological weapons concerns of, 75, 76

  Blair’s meeting with, 241–42, 243

  Bush’s 9/11 phone calls with, 29, 30–31, 32, 35

  Bush’s relationship with, 505

  in detainee treatment policy debate, 230

  in detention center decision, 196, 197

  and Hamdi case, 309

  on Iraq’s al-Qaeda connection, 344

  in Iraq War planning, 241–42, 243, 261, 351, 499

  Iraq War position of, 352–53, 354, 355, 356, 357, 363, 364, 505

  in military commissions formation, 83, 145, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 158

  national security expertise of, 58

  on 9/11, 22–23, 27, 29–31, 32, 34–35, 42, 45

  Olson’s relationship with, 310

  public opinion of, 505

  Rumsfeld’s 9/11 phone call with, 34–35

  in surveillance powers expansion, 96–97, 100

  at 2002 State of the Union address, 229

  war on terror policy of, 204, 353

  weapons inspectors’ meeting with, 410, 411

  weapons of mass destruction position of, 352–53, 410, 488

  Chequers, 251

  Chertoff, Michael, 46, 173, 342, 343

  Chevron, 507

  children:

  of 9/11 victims, 503–4, 508

  in Syrian prisons, 349

  Chile, 485, 493

  China:

  Communist interrogation tactics in, 192

  Russian relations with, 81

  Chirac, Jacques, 391, 454–55, 458–59, 460, 461

  Churchill, Winston, 531

 

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