CHAPTER 1: BLACK REPUBLICANS
1. Don E. Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962), 101.
2. Robert W. Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), 641.
3. Douglas Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon s Informants, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 731.
4. CW, 2:383.
5. CW, 2:467.
6. James Simon, Lincoln and Chief Justice Taney (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 122.
7. Robert W. Johannsen, ed., The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), 39.
8. Ibid., 46.
9. CW, 3:15.
10. Johannsen, ed., Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858, 51.
11. Ibid., 52.
12. Ibid., 52-53.
13. Ibid., 81.
14. Richard Carwardine, Lincoln, Profile in Power (London: Pearson, 2003), 83.
15. William Herndon to Truman Bartlett, July 19, 1887, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
16. Johannsen, ed., Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858, 92.
17. Ibid., 161-62.
18. Ibid., 189-90.
19. FDP, III, 214.
20. Ibid., 233.
21. Ibid., 237.
22. Johannsen, ed., Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858, 319.
23. Benjamin Quarks, Lincoln and the Negro (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962), 39.
24. Lllinois Daily Journal, 11 /'3/ 53.
25. Lllinois Daily Journal, \ 123157.
26. Ibid.
27. Rochester Democrat and American, 9/1/58.
28. Freeport Journal, 2/17/59, Dixon Republican and Telegraph, 2/17/59, Mendota Press Observer, 2/18/59, Belvidere Standard, 2/15/59.
29. Galesburg Democrat, 2/27759.
30. Belvidere Standard, 2/15/59.
31. CW,4:45.
CHAPTER 2: A SELF-MADE MAN
1. David Blight, ed., Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (Boston: Bedford Press, 1993), 39.
2. FDA, 172, 477.
3. FD to James Hall, 6/10/59, Maryland Historical Society, Maryland Colonization Society MSS.
4. Blight, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, 2.
5. Ibid., 57.
6. FDA, 41, 225.
7. Ibid., 74.
8. FDA, 59.
9. FDA, 60-65.
10. George P. Lampe, Frederick Douglass: Freedoms Voice, 1818—1845 (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1998), 108.
11. FDA, 367.
12. FDP, 1:27.
13. FDP, 2:50.
14. Alan J. Rice and Martin Crawford, "Triumphant Exile," in Liberating Sojourn: FD and Transatlantic Reform, ed. Rice and Crawford (Athens: University of Georgia, 1999), 5.
15. FDP, 3:365.
16. Blake McKelvey, Rochester on the Genesee: The Growth of a City (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1973), xi.
17. McKelvey, Rochester on the Genesee, 33.
18. FDA, 710.
19. Blake McKelvey, "Lights and Shadows in Local Negro History," Rochester History XXI, 4 (October 1959), 4.
20. FDA, 706-9; Horace McGuire, "Two Episodes of Anti-Slavery History," paper read at the Rochester Historical Society, 10/27/1916, 218.
21. Thomas Paine, Common Sense (Mineola: Dover, 1997), 51.
22. "Self-Made Men," FDP, 5;566.
23. Ibid., 5:550-56.
24. Ibid., 5:574-75.
CHAPTER 3: TO THE BRINK
1. Maria Diedrich, Love Across Color Lines: Ottilie Assing & Frederick Douglass (New York: Hill & Wang, 1999), 216.
2. Frederick Douglass'Paper, 12/16/59.
3. CW, 3:541.
4. FDA, 716.
5. FD to William A. White, 7/30/46, LC.
6. Frederick Douglass' Paper, 12/16/59.
7. Benjamin Quarles, ed., Frederick Douglass: Great Lives Observed (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1968), 122-23; William S. McFeely, Frederick Douglass (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991), 163.
8. Quarles, Frederick Douglass: Great Lives Observed, 102.
9. Annie Douglass to FD, 12/7/59, LC.
10. William Lloyd Garrison to Samuel J. May, 9/28/60, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.
11. FDP, 3:365.
12. Amy Hanmer-Croughton, "Anti-Slavery Days in Rochester," Publications of the Rochester Historical Society XVI (1936), 113-55, 145; Rosetta Douglass to FD, 4/20/60, LC; DM, 1/60.
13. FDS, 391.
14. DM, 6/60; Amy Hanmer-Croughton, aAnti-Slavery Days in Rochester," 145.
15. Rosetta Douglass to FD, 4/20/60, LC; FDA, 763.
16. FDS, 391.
17. DM, 1/60; Benjamin Quarles, Frederick Douglass (1948; rpr. New York: Da Capo Press, 1997), 109.
18. FDA, 763.
19. Philip S. Foner, Frederick Douglass: A Biography (New York: Citadel Press, 1964), 85; FDA, 706.
20. FD to Gerrit Smith, 7/2/60, Gerrit Smith Papers, Syracuse University.
21. Diedrich, Love Across Color Lines, 15.
22. Diedrich, Love Across Color Lines, 175, 150.
23. McFeely, Frederick Douglass, 136.
24. Rosetta Douglass Sprague, Anna Murray Douglass: My Mother As I Recall Her. Delivered Before the Anna Murray Douglass Union W.C.T.U., Washington, D.C., May 10, 1900. Rpt. Washington, D.C., 1923, LC, 21.
25. Sprague, Anna Murray Douglass, 13-14, 16, 27.
26. Diedrich, Love Across Co lor Lines, 192.
27. DM, 6/60.
28. DM, 6/60.
29. FDS, 394.
30. LC, 10/9/60.
31. DM, 8/60.
32. DM, 8/60, 7/60.
33. FDA, 767.
34. DM, 9/60.
35. DM, 10/60.
36. Stephen Myers to Frederick Douglass, 3/1/59, in Frederick Douglass'Paper, 3/4/59.
37. DM, 6/60; DM, 9/60.
38. Foner, Frederick Douglass, 187.
39. CW, 4:139.
40. CW, 4:149.
41. DM, 12/60.
42. DM, 12/60.
CHAPTER 4: "I USED TO BE A SLAVE . . ."
1. Paul Zall, Lincoln on Lincoln (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1999), 1.
2. Douglas Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon s Informants (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 348.
3. David Herbert Donald, Lincoln Reconsidered (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956), 67.
4. CW, 3:511.
5. Stephen B. Oates, With Malice Towards None: The Life of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Harper & Row, 1977, repr. 1994), 4.
6. Michael Burlingame, The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 36.
7. CW, 1:368.
8. Benjamin Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962), 16.
9. CW, 1:412.
10. Gabor Boritt, Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 285.
11. CW, 1:75.
12. CW, 1:260
13. CW, 2:323.
14. CW, 2:255.
13. CW, 2:323.
14. CW, 2:255.
15. David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), 103.
16. CW, 2:246.
17. Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro, 15.
18. Ibid., 26-27.
19. LAA, 1,268-71.
20. CW, 3:243.
21. Michael P. Johnson, ed., Abraham Lincoln, Slavery, and the Civil War: Selected Writings and Speeches (Boston: Bedford-St. Martin's, 2001), 78; LLA, 2:29.
22. William K. Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861-1865 (New York: Viking, 2001), 8.
23. FDA, 765.
24. Tremont Temple incident: New York Tribune, 12/3/60, quoted in DM, 1/61; FDP, 3:387-412.
25. FDP, 3:413.
26. FDS, 414-15.
27. CW, 4:160.
CHAPTER 5: MIGHTY CURRENTS
1. DM, 2/61.
2. DM, 2/61.
3. DM, 3/61.
4. DM
, 3/61.
5. CW, 4:204.
6. CW, 4:215.
7. CW, 4:226.
8. DM, 3/61.
9. Rufus Rockwell Wilson, ed., Lincoln Among His Friends: A Sheaf of Lntimate Memories (Caldwell, Id.: Caxton Printers, 1942), 308.
10. CW, 4:271.
11. CW, 4:263.
12. FDS, 433.
13. CW, 4:270.
14. DM, 4/61.
15. Richard Striner, Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 132.
16. Kenneth Stamp, ed., The Causes of the Civil War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986), 116.
17. FDP, 3:427.
18. DM, 4/61.
19. Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, 4/6/6.
20. DM, 5/61.
21. FDP, 3:424.
22. FD to James Redpath, Liberator, 7/27/60.
23. Blake McKelvey, Rochester, The Flower City: 1855-1890 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1949), 64-65; FDP, 3:429.
24. FDP, 3:427; DM, 5/61.
25. FDP, 3:427.
26. FDP, 3:435.
27. DM, 5/61.
28. FDP, 3:425; FDP, 3:427; FDP, 3:431.
29. DM, 5/61.
30. DM, 5/61.
31. DM, 5/61.
32. DM, 1/61.
33. DM, 7/61,5/61.
34. FD to William B. Sprague, 5/1/61, Princeton University Library.
CHAPTER 6: REMORSELESS STRUGGLE
1. DM, 5/61.
2. DM, 5/61.
3. Benjamin Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962), 67-68.
4. Dudley Taylor Cornish, The Sable Arm: Black Troops in the Union Army, 1861-1865 (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1956), 16.
5. DM, 6/61.
6. DM, 9/61.
7. DM, 5/61.
8. DM, 7/61.
9. DM, 7/61.
10. DM, 5/61.
11. FDP, 3:487.
12. Cornish, The Sable Arm, 4.
13. Cornish, The Sable Arm, 8.
14. FDP, 3:447; CW, 2:255.
15. DM, 9/61.
16. CW, 4:240.
17. DM, 8/61.
18. Congressional Globe, 37 Congress, 2 Session, 82-87; Hans L. Trefousse, The Radical Republicans: Lincoln s Vanguard for Racial Justice (New York: Knopf, 1969), 30.
19. FDP, 3:371.
20. John Hope Franklin, The Emancipation Proclamation (Garden City: Doubleday, 1963), 24; T. Harry Williams, Lincoln and the Radicals (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1941), 61.
21. DM, 8/61.
22. DM, 10/61.
23. FD to Rev. Samuel J. May, 8/30/06, in Philip Foner, ed., Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass (New York: International Publishers, 1950), 3:158-59.
24. DM, 10/61.
25. AL to John Fremont, 9/2/61, ALP; John Fremont to AL, 9/8/61, ALP.
26. Tom Chaffin, Pathfinder: John Charles Fremont and the Course of American Empire (New York: Hill & Wang, 2002), 467.
27. DM, 11/61.
28. DM, 12/62.
29. DM, 9/61.
30. Syracuse Journal, 11/14/61.
31. Syracuse Daily Courier and Union, 11/18/61; Syracuse Journal, 11/18/61.
32. Syracuse Daily Courier and Union, 11/15/61, 11/18/61.
33. Rosine Draz to FD, 8/10/61, LC; Rosine Draz to FD, 11/13/61, LC.
34. DM, 12/61.
35. Boston Daily Journal, 12/4/61; National Anti-Slavery Standard, 12/14/61; DM, 1/62; FDP, 3:452-73.
36. FD to Gerrit Smith, 12/22/61, GSP.
37. CW, 5:48.
38. CW, 5:49.
39. New York Times, 12/3/61.
CHAPTER 7: DIFFERENT AMERICAN DESTINIES
1. FDP, 3:488.
2. FDP, 3:492-93.
3. FDP, 3:479; DM, 2/62; Philip S. Foner, Frederick Douglass: A Biography (New York: Citadel Press, 1964), 126-27.
4. Rosetta Douglass Sprague to FD, 3/15/69, LC; Benjamin Quarles, Frederick Douglass (New York: DaCapo Press, rpr. 1997), 107-8.
5. FDA, 712.
6. Rosetta Douglass to FD, 4/4/62, LC.
7. DM, 2/62.
8. DM, 2/62, 3/62.
9. Moncure Daniel Conway, Autobiography, Memories and Experiences (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), I, 345-46.
10. AL to James A. McDougall, March 14, 1862, ALP.
11. FDP, 3:518.
12. London Inquirer, 3729/'62.
13. FDP, 3:518.
14. Benjamin Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962), 95.
15. Christoph Lohmann, ed., Radical Passion: Ottilie Assing's Reports from America and Letters to Frederick Douglass (New York: Peter Lang, 2000), 235.
16. Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro, 100.
17. DM, 3/62.
18. Ernest B. Furgurson, Freedom Rising: Washington in the Civil War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), 171.
19. Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro, 104.
20. Daniel Alexander Payne, Recollections of Seventy Years (Nashville: A. M. E. Sunday School Union, 1888), 146-49.
21. AL to Congress, 4/16/62, ALP.
22. FD to Charles Sumner, 4/8/62, Charles Sumner Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University; Furgurson, Freedom Rising, 171.
23. DM, 5/62.
24. DM, 5/62.
25. DM, 6/62.
26. New York Times, 5/6/62, in Edward A. Miller Jr., Lincoln's Abolitionist General: The Biography of David Hunter (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997), 101; Peter Sturtevant to Abraham Lincoln, 5/16/62, ALP.
27. Carl Schurz to Abraham Lincoln, 5/16/62, ALP.
28. CW, 5:222-23.
29. CW, 5:425, Don E. Fehrenbacher and Virginia Fehrenbacher, eds., Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996), 433; John Hope Franklin, The Emancipation Proclamation (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1963), 36.
30. David Herbert Donald, Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), 60; William K. Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861-1865 (New York: Viking, 2001), 75.
31. Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 139.
32. CW, 5:279.
33. DM, 8/62.
34. FDS, 196.
35. DM, 9/62.
36. Richard Carwardine, Lincoln, Profile in Power (London: Pearsons, 2003), 207.
37. Lerone Bennett Jr., Forced Lnto Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream (Chicago: Johnson Publishing, 2000), 455.
38. CW, 5:371-75.
39. DM, 9/62.
40. Salmon Chase to FD, 5/4/50, Salmon Chase Papers, LC.
41. DM, 10/62.
42. Philip Foner, The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, 5 vols. (New York: International Publishers, 1950-1975), 2:443.
43. DM, 9/62.
44. CW, 5:389.
45. CW, 5:389.
46. Rosetta Douglass to FD, 8/31/62 and 10/9/62, LC.
47. Rosetta Douglass to FD, 8/31/62 and 10/9/62, LC.
48. Julia Griffiths Crofts to FD, 9/1/62, LC.
49. Ira Berlin, Barbara J. Fields, Steven F. Miller, Joseph P. Reidy, and Leslie S. Rowland, Free at Last: A Documentary History of Slavery, Freedom, and the Civil War (New York: New Press, 1992), 55.
50. Mark E. Neely Jr. The Last Best Hope of Earth: Abraham Lincoln and Promise of America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993), 117; Berlin et al., Free at Last, 67-68.
51. DM, 7/62.
52. CW, 5:53.
53. Fehrenbacher and Fehrenbacher, eds., Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln, 28.
CHAPTER 8: ON THE WIRE
1. CW, 6:30.
2. FD to Gerrit Smith, 9/8/62, Gerrit Smith Papers, Syracuse University.
3. FDA, 790.
4. FDA, 792.
5. Allen Guelzo, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), 159; Howard Jones, Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War (L
incoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999), 152; William K. Klingaman, Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation, 1861-1865 (New York: Viking, 2001), 238.
6. Dean B. Mahin, One War at a Time: The International Dimensions of the American Civil War (Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1999), 24, 25, 30-31.
7. London Spectator, 10/11/62, XXXV, 1125-26; Jones, Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom, 116; Janet Brunswick to FD, 11/20/62, LC.
8. Christoph Lohmann, ed., Radical Passion (New York: Peter Lang, 2000), 256; Mary Carpenter to FD, 12/51'62, LC.
9. DM, 10/62.
10. Henry Richardson to FD, 12/4/62, LC; The Independent, 10/20/62.
11. David Donald, Lincoln Reconsidered (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956), 107.
12. Michael Burlingame, The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 105.
13. DM, 10/62.
14. DM, 10/62; Jolu Hope Franklin, The Emancipation Proclamation (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1963), 67; Guelzo, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, 159.
15. DM, 11/62; John Jones to FD, 12/1/62, LC; FD to Theodore Tilton, 11/22/62, Frederick Douglass Papers, Rochester University.
Douglass and Lincoln Page 33