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defendants’ rights
defense attorneys. See also public defenders
“dehumanization thesis”
Delgado, Richard
Department of Justice. See U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)
desegregation. See integration
detain-and-frisk policing. See stop-and-frisk policing
Detroit riot of 1967
developmentally disabled blacks
Diddy. See Combs, Sean (P Diddy)
Discipline and Punish (Foucault)
disenfranchisement; of felons
District of Columbia. See Washington, D.C.
DNA analysis
Dr. Dre
Dog Whistle Racism (Haney López)
DOJ. See U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)
Douglas, William O.
Douglass, Frederick
Drake (rapper)
Dre, Dr. See Dr. Dre
dress; for court appearances; profiling
drinking in public
driver stops. See traffic stops
dropouts, high school. See high school dropouts
drug offenses; sentencing. See also war on drugs
drugs. See cocaine; heroin; marijuana
Dubois, Joshua
Dudziak, Mary
Dukakis, Michael
Dyson, Michael Eric
Eberhardt, Jennifer
Ebony: “Crisis of the Black Male” issue
education; of police. See also schools
Education Amendments Act of 1972: Title IX
Elkins, Alex
Emanuel, Rahm
Eminem
employment. See also unemployment
England and Wales
“environment”/“culture” distinction. See “culture”/“environment” distinction
Erlichman, John
Estritch, Susan: Real Rape
exceptionalism, black male. See black male exceptionalism
“factual guilt” and “legal guilt”
Fanon, Frantz
fatal automobile accidents. See automobile fatalities
fatal shootings by police; Ferguson; international comparisons
Fat Joe
FBI
fear of black men; in black men; Jesse Jackson on; physiological aspects
fear of LGBT people. See homophobia
fear of police
fear of slave uprisings
Federal Bureau of Investigation. See FBI
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
federal oversight of police departments. See U.S. Department of Justice: police department interventions
federal prisoners: by offense
felon disenfranchisement. See disenfranchisement: of felons
felony statistics
Ferguson, Missouri; Dept. of Justice intervention; Obama on; protests
Fiasco, Lupe
Fifteenth Amendment
Fifth Amendment
50 Cent
fines; failure to pay
firearms. See guns
Fisher v. Texas
flight attendants, discrimination by
Flint, Michigan
Florida
Floyd v. City of New York
Forman, James
Fortner, Michael Jason
Foucault, Michel: Discipline and Punish
Fourth Amendment
frames and framing
Fraternal Order of Police
“Fuck tha Police” (NWA)
gangsta rap
Garner, Eric
Gates, Daryl
Gates, Henry Louis
gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender people. See LGBT people; black gay men
gender; defense attorney choice and; of police; stereotypes. See also patriarchy; schools: single-sex
genocide
gentrification
Germany
Giuliani, Rudy
Goff, Phillip Atiba
Goldberg, Jonah
Goldstein, Richard
“Good Samaritan” laws
Gottschalk, Marie
Gould, Jon
government subsidies. See subsidies, government
Gray, Freddie
Great Britain. See United Kingdom
guilt, factual versus legal. See “factual guilt” and “legal guilt”
guns; access to; and masculinity; ownership statistics; police drawing of; police pointing of; in popular culture; stop and frisk and; toy. See also armed robbery; shootings
Gupta, Vanita
Haldeman, H. R.
handcuffing
Haney López, Ian; Dog Whistle Racism
Harcourt, Bernard
Harris, Victor
Harrison, Charles
Harvard Business School
health care
heroin
high school dropouts
Hip Hop: Beyond Beat & Rhymes
hip-hop music. See rappers and rap music
Hispanics. See Latinos
Holder, Eric
Holmes, Anthony
homelessness, criminalization of
homicide: black-on-black; by police; rates; risk factors; victims; by whites. See also murder
homophobia
homosexual sexual harassment by police
Hoover, J. Edgar
Horton, William
housing; subprime loans
Hughley, D. L.
humor and comedy
Hurt, Byron: Hip Hop
Hutch, Willie: “Brothers Gonna Work It Out”
Ice-T
identification cards
Illinois v. Wardlow
immigrants: European; undocumented
incarceration; black men’s chance of; mass; statistics. See also jail and jailing; prison abolition
income-based fines
income inequality. See inequality in income
Indians, American. See Native Americans
inequality in income
inequality in job interview callbacks and job offers
inequality in wealth. See wealth inequality
infant mortality claims
informers and informing. See snitches and snitching
injuries during police encounters. See citizen injuries during police encounters
insurance, police. See police misconduct insurance
integration
intelligence tests. See IQ tests
intent
“interest convergence” (Bell)
international comparisons. See cross-cultural comparisons
interracial couples
interracial marriage
interrogation by police. See police questioning
intersectionality
“iPod held by a black hand” (study)
IQ tests
Irish and Irish Americans
Italian Americans
Jackson, Jesse
jail and jailing
James, LeBron
Jarrett, Valerie
jaywalking
Jay-Z
Jefferson, Thomas
Jewish Americans
“Jigga My Nigga” (Jay-Z)
jobs. See employment
Johnson, John H.
Johnson, Lyndon
Jordan, Robert
journalistic research. See research, journalistic
judiciary. See courts
“jump out” squads. See police “jump out” squads
Justice Department. See U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)
juvenile offenders
Kaepernick, Colin
Katznelson, Ira: When Affirmative Action Was White
Kelly, Ray
Kennedy, Randall; Race, Crime, and the Law
Key and Peele (comedy duo)
killings by police; statistics
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Klarman, Michael
Kohler-Hausmann, Issa
Kozinski, Alex
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Kweli, Talib
labor unions. See
unions
Lago Vista, Texas
Lamar, Kendrick
Latinos; incarceration; life expectancy; Los Angeles; murder by; My Brother’s Keeper; “order maintenance” policing; poverty and; profiling; stop and frisk; traffic stops; use of force against; Young Men’s Initiative
Lawrence, Charles
lawsuits; excessive force; police job applicants; sexual assault; stop and frisk
lawyers. See defense attorneys; prosecuting attorneys
lead poisoning
legal construction of race
“legal guilt” and “factual guilt.” See “factual guilt” and “legal guilt”
Lemon, Don
less-lethal weapons: police use
lethal force policies. See also killings by police
Let’s Get Free: A Hip-Hop Theory of Justice (Butler)
Lewis, David Levering
LGBT people. See also homophobia; transgender people; black gay men
life expectancy by race and gender
life sentence
lightness and darkness of skin. See skin color
Lil Wayne
Lincoln, Abraham
Litchfield, Minnesota
Little Richard
loans
Loch v. City of Litchfield
Loehmann, Timothy
loitering
Los Angeles
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD); DOJ intervention
Lotke, Eric
Louima, Abner
Luban, David
Lubinski, Joseph
lying; appearance of; by police; by witnesses
lynching
Lyons, Adolph
The Mack
Mackinnon, Catherine
Malcolm X
male privilege
March of a Million Men. See Million Man March, 1995
March on Washington, 1963
marijuana
marriage, interracial. See interracial marriage
Marrie v. Nickels
Marshall, Thurgood
Martin, Trayvon
masculinity; performance of; in police stops; public policy and; violent
Massachusetts. See also Boston
Mastrofski, Stephen
McCleskey v. Kemp
McDonald, Laquan
Mckesson, DeRay
McLeod, Allegra
Meares, Tracey
media; entertainment; mass/corporate. See also news media; research, journalistic
Mfume, Kweisi
middle-class black children
middle-class white people
militarization of police
Miller, Lisa
Million Man March, 1995
Mimms v. Pennsylvania. See Pennsylvania v. Mimms
minstrelsy and coon shows
Miranda v. Arizona
misconduct insurance. See police misconduct insurance
misdemeanors; arrests; decriminalization; Ferguson; Garner arrest. See also traffic stops
misogyny
“Moment of Clarity” (Jay-Z)
Moore, Darnell
mortgages
Mos Def
motor vehicle stops. See traffic stops
movement for black lives
Moving to Opportunity
Moynihan Report; echoed by Ebony; echoed by FBI director; echoed by O’Reilly
Muhammad, Kahlil Gibran; Condemnation of Blackness
murder; statistics
Murphy, Eddie
Muslims
My Brother’s Keeper
Myers v. James
NAACP. See National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
names: effect on punishment
Nas (performer)
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
national anthem protests
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
National Council of La Raza
National Crime Victimization Survey
National Initiative for Building Community Trust and Justice
Native Americans
Nat Turner insurrection
The Negro Family: The Case for National Action (Moynihan). See Moynihan Report
net worth
Newark, New Jersey
New Hampshire
New Jersey
The New Jim Crow (Alexander)
news media
Newsweek: “Fight for Black Men” issue
Newtown, Connecticut, school shooting, 2012. See Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, 2012
New York City: arrest warrants; bystander intervention; crime rates; fear of police; misdemeanor court; public defenders. See also Brownsville, Brooklyn; Young Men’s Initiative (YMI)
New York Police Department (NYPD); gentrification; Louima case; Wednesday arrests; stop and frisk
New York State
New York Times
“nigga”/“nigger” (word)
“99 Problems” (Jay-Z)
Nixon, Richard
Njaka v. Wright County
“nonlethal” weapons. See less-lethal weapons
Norway
NWA; “Fuck tha Police”
Oakland
Obama, Barack; bank bailout; as celebrity; commutations; criticism of black fathers; death penalty views; DOJ interventions under; on Ferguson; on “Marshall Plan” for blacks; military surplus policy; Morehouse address; My Brother’s Keeper; National Initiative for Building Community Trust and Justice; on personal responsibility; Task Force on 21st Century Policing; on work ethic of “gangbangers”
officer-involved shootings (OISs). See shootings: by police
Ohio v. Terry. See Terry v. Ohio
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services
100 Black Men of America
online lodging services. See peer-to-peer lodging services
online selling. See peer-to-peer selling
Open Society Foundation
Orange County, California
“order maintenance” policing
O’Reilly, Bill
Ousey, Graham
Pager, Devah
Pantaleo, Daniel
pardons and commutations. See presidential pardons and commutations
Pate, James
patriarchy
pattern or practice investigations, DOJ. See U.S. Department of Justice: police department interventions
peer-to-peer lodging services
peer-to-peer selling
Pennsylvania v. Mimms
pepper spray
performance during police stops
performance of masculinity. See masculinity: performance of
perjury. See lying: by witnesses
personal identification cards. See identification cards
personal loans. See loans
personal responsibility
Philadelphia
Philadelphia Police Department
Phillips, Julie A.
photographs and photography: of African Americans; in “order maintenance” policing; in research; of suspects
Pickens, Lionel. See Chinx (rapper)
Pittsburgh
plea bargaining
Plessy v. Ferguson
police, black. See black police officers
police, complaints against. See citizen complaints
police, fear of. See fear of police
police, killings by. See killings by police
police, killings of. See police killed in line of duty
police, tackling by (“takedowns”)
police, women. See women police officers
police car light-flashing
police commands
police-community relations. See also citizen complaints
police departments, federal interventions in. See U.S. Department of Justice: police department interventions
police dogs
police “jump out” squads
police killed in line of duty
police militari
zation. See militarization of police
police misconduct insurance
police questioning
police rights
police searches; cavity searches; consent. See also stop-and-frisk policing; Terry v. Ohio
police sexual abuse. See sexual abuse and harassment by police
police sexual assault. See sexual assault: by police
police shootings. See shootings: by police
police use of force; continuums; deadly force; DOJ interventions and; Ferguson; lawsuits; women officers. See also chokehold (maneuver); police, tackling by (“takedowns”); shootings: by police; torture by police
policewomen. See women police officers
policing alternatives
political correctness
polls
poor white people
population demographics
poverty; black women; government policy; statistics; violence and. See also poor white people
Powers, Nicholas
prejudice
presidential pardons and commutations
President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (Johnson)
President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing
pretrial discovery
Prince George’s County, Maryland
prison. See incarceration
prison abolition
prisoners: commutation of sentence; elderly; lawsuits; recidivism; statistics; suicide
prison guards. See correctional officers and prison guards
“procedural fairness”
profiling: of Muslims; racial
progress, perception of
“progress” narrative
property crimes; DOJ interventions and; in response to killings by police. See also theft
ProPublica
prosecuting attorneys; bluffing by; “Brady” evidence; plea bargaining; trials
protests; Giuliani view; Trump views
psychological research. See research, psychological
psychological testing of police
public defenders
public seating
public surveys. See polls
public urination. See urination in public
Puff Daddy. See Combs, Sean (P Diddy)
punishment: “black names” effect; maximum (proposed). See also death penalty; fines; incarceration
Question Bridge
Race, Crime, and the Law (Kennedy)
racial integration. See integration
racial profiling. See profiling: racial
racial progress narrative. See “progress” narrative
racial segregation. See segregation
Racine, Karl A.
“racism” (word)
Rappaport, John
rape; accusations; disguised; statistics; Tyson case
rappers and rap music; on black macho; on black-on-black crime; in celebrity rankings; Don Lemon on; gender-challenging; on police sexual harassment
reading scores, urban myth about