Unlikely Allies

by Joe Richard Paul

  Hutchinson, Thomas. The Diary and Letters of His Excellency Thomas Hutchinson. Edited by Peter Orlando Hutchinson. 2 vols. 1884-1886. Reprint, New York: Burt Franklin, 1971.

  George III. The Correspondence of King George III from 1760 to December 1783. Edited by Sir John Fortescue. Vols. 1-6. London: Macmillan and Co., 1927-1928.

  Jay, John. The Correspondence and Public Papers of John Jay, 1763-1826. Edited by Henry P. Johnson. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.

  Jefferson, Thomas. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Edited by Julian P. Boyd. 35 vols. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958.

  Lee, Richard Henry. The Letters of Richard Henry Lee. Edited by James Curtis Ballagh. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan Co., 1911-1914.

  The Lee Family Papers. Rolls 1-8. Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia, 1966.

  Louis XV. Correspondance secrète inédite de Louis XV, sur la politique étrangère. Edited by Edgar Boutaric. 2 vols. Paris: Plon, 1866.

  Louis XVI. Louis XVI and the Comte de Vergennes: Correspondence 1774-1787. Edited by John Hardman and Munro Price. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1998.

  Robert Morris. The Confidential Correspondence of Robert Morris: The Great Financier of the Revolution and the Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Philadelphia: Stan V. Henkels, 1917.

  Seventy-Six Society. Papers in Relation to the Case of Silas Deane. Printed by T. K. and P. G. Collins, 1855.

  Shewmake, Antoinette, ed. and trans. For the Good of Mankind: Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais; Political Correspondence Relative to the American Revolution. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1987.

  Smith, Paul H., ed. Letters of Delegates to the Continental Congress, 1774 to 1789. 26 vols. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1976-2000.

  Stevens, B. F., ed. Facsimiles of Manuscripts in European Archives Relating to America, 1773-1783. 25 vols. London: 1889-1895, 1898. Reprint, New York: AMS Press, 1970.

  Stiles, Ezra. The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles: President of Yale College. Edited by Franklin Bowditch Dexter. 3 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1901.

  Walpole, Horace. Memoirs of the Reign of King George III. Edited by Derek Jarrett. 4 vols. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.

  Washington, George. The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. Edited by John C. Fitzpatrick. 39 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1931-1944.

  ———. The Papers of George Washington: Revolutionary War Series. Edited by Philander D. Chase. 18 vols. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1985.

  ———. George Washington: Writings. Edited by John H. Rhodehamel. New York: Library of America, 1997.

  Wharton, Francis, ed. The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States. 6 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1889.

  Wilkes, John. The Speeches of Mr. Wilkes in the House of Commons. 8 vols. London, 1777 and 1786.

  ———. The Correspondence of the Late John Wilkes with His Friends, etc. Edited by John Almon. 5 vols. London: Printed for Richard Phillips, 1805.

  ———. Diary. British Library. Additional Manuscripts, 30, 866.

  Wilkes, John, and Charles Churchill. The Correspondence of John Wilkes and Charles Churchill. Edited by Edward H. Weatherly. New York: Columbia University Press, 1954.

  REFERENCE WORKS

  Blanco, Richard L., ed. The American Revolution, 1775-1783: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1993.

  Currie, Ian. Frosts, Freezes and Fairs: Chronicles of the Frozen Thames and Harsh Winters in Britain Since 1000 A.D. Surrey, U.K.: Frosted Earth, 1998.

  Dexter, Franklin Bowditch. Bibliographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College: With Annals of the College History. 6 vols. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1885-1912.

  Greene, Jack P., and J. R. Pole, eds. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the American Revolution . Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Reference, 1991.

  Howell, T. B. Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdeameanors. 21 vols. London: Longman, Hurts, Rees, Orme, & Brown, 1814.

  Lesser, Charles H., ed. The Sinews of Independence: Monthly Strength Reports of the Continental Army. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.

  McCusker, John J. Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 1600-1775: A Handbook . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978.

  ———. How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Commodity Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States, 2d ed. Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 2001.

  Peckham, Howard H., ed. The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

  Sabine, Lorenzo. Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution. 2 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1864.

  Wentworth, John. The Wentworth Genealogy: English and American. 3 vols. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1878.

  SELECTED BOOKS

  Aitken, James. The Life of James Aitken. Winchester, Va.: Winton, printed by J. Wilkes, 1777.

  Alden, John Richard. The American Revolution, 1775-1783. New York: Harper & Row, 1954.

  ———. A History of the American Revolution, New York: Da Capo Press, 1969.

  ———. George Washington. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984.

  Aldridge, Alfred Owen. Franklin and His French Contemporaries. New York: New York University Press, 1957.

  Alsop, Susan Mary. Yankees at the Court:The First Americans in Paris. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1982.

  Augur, Helen. The Secret War of Independence. Boston: Little, Brown, 1955.

  Baldwin, Ebenezer. History of Yale College, from Its Foundation, A.D. 1700 to the Year 1838. New Haven: Benjamin and William Noyes, 1841.

  Bancroft, Edward. The History of Charles Wentworth Esq. 3 vols. London: T. Becket, 1770.

  Bancroft, George. History of the United States from the Discovery of the Continent. 5 vols. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1886.

  Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de. The Barber of Seville and The Marriage of Figaro. Translated by John Wood. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1964.

  Belcher, Henry. The First American Civil War: First Period 1775-1778. 2 vols. London: MacMillan and Co., 1911.

  Belknap, Jeremy. The History of New-Hampshire. Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1970.

  Bemis, Samuel Flagg. The Diplomacy of the American Revolution. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957.

  Bendiner, Elmer. The Virgin Diplomats. New York: Knopf, 1976.

  Bird, Harrison. March to Saratoga: General Burgoyne and the American Campaign. New York: Oxford University Press, 1963.

  Bloomfield, Joseph. Citizen Soldier: The Revolutionary War Journal of Joseph Bloomfield. Edited by Mark E. Lender and James Kirby Martin. Newark: New Jersey Historical Society, 1982.

  Boardman, Roger Sherman. Roger Sherman: Signer and Statesman. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.

  Bobrick, Benson. Angel in the Whirlwind: The Triumph of the American Revolution. New York: Penguin Books, 1997.

  Boutell, Lewis Henry. The Life of Roger Sherman. Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Co., 1896.

  Bowen, Catherine Drinker. John Adams and the American Revolution. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1950.

  Bowman, Allen. The Morale of the American Revolution. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Public Affairs, 1943.

  Brands, H. W. The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin. New York: Anchor Books, 2000.

  Brecher, Frank W. Securing American Independence: John Jay and the French Alliance. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2003.

  Breen, T. H. The Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

  Brookhiser, Richard. Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington. New York: Free Press, 1996.

  Carlyle, Thomas. The French Revolution: A History. 1
906. Reprint, New York: Modern Library, 2002.

  Carp, E. Wayne. To Starve the Army at Pleasure: Continental Army Administration and American Political Culture 1775-1783. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984.

  Cash, Arthur H. John Wilkes: The Scandalous Father of Civil Liberty. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.

  Chernow, Ron. Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin Press, 2004.

  Clark, Geoffrey. Betting on Lives: The Culture of Life Insurance in England, 1695-1775. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1999.

  Clark, George L. Silas Deane: A Connecticut Leader in the American Revolution. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1913.

  Clark, Ronald W. Benjamin Franklin. New York: Random House, 1983.

  Collier, Christopher. Roger Sherman’s Connecticut: Yankee Politics and the American Revolution. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1971.

  Cook, Fred J. Dawn over Saratoga: The Turning Point of the Revolutionary War. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1973.

  Corwin, Edward S. French Policy and the American Alliance of 1778. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1962.

  Coryn, Marjorie. The Chevalier d’Eon, 1728-1810. London: Frederick A. Stokes, 1932.

  Cox, Cynthia. The Enigma of the Age: The Strange Story of the Chevalier d’Eon. London: Longmans, 1966.

  Cronin, Vincent. Louis and Antoinette. New York: William Morrow, 1975.

  Cuneo, John R. The Battles of Saratoga: The Turning of the Tide. New York: Macmillan, 1967.

  Cuthbertson, Brian C. The Loyalist Governor: Biography of Sir John Wentworth. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Patheric Press, 1983.

  Dalsème, René. Beaumarchais, 1732-1799. Translated by Hannaford Bennett. New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1929.

  Davidson, James West, and Mark Hamilton Lytle. After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection. New York: Knopf, 1986.

  Donvez, Jacques L. La politique de Beaumarchais. 6 vols. Thése pour le Doctorat d’Etat. Paris: J. Donvez, 1978.

  Draper, Theodore. A Struggle for Power: The American Revolution. New York: Random House, 1996.

  Dull, Jonathan R. A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.

  Durand, John. New Materials for the History of the American Revolution. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1889.

  Einstein, Lewis. Divided Loyalties: Americans in England During the War of Independence . Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1933.

  Ellis, Joseph J. His Excellency: George Washington. New York: Knopf, 2004.

  ———. American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic. New York: Knopf, 2007.

  Fellows, John. The Veil Removed; or Reflections on David Humphreys’ Essay on the Life of Israel. New York: J.D. Lockwood, 1843.

  Ferguson, E. James. The Power of the Purse: A History of American Public Finance, 1776-1790. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1961.

  Ferling, John. John Adams: A Life. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1996.

  ———. A Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create the American Republic. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

  ———, ed. The World Turned Upside Down: The American Victory in the War of Independence . Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1988.

  Flexner, James Thomas. George Washington in the American Revolution, 1775-1783. Boston: Little, Brown, 1967.

  ———. Washington: The Indispensable Man. Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.

  Foner, Eric. Tom Paine and Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.

  ———. The Story of American Freedom. New York: Norton, 1998.

  Ford, Thomas K., ed. The Blacksmith in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1971.

  Freeman, Douglas Southall. George Washington. 7 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1951.

  Furneaux, Rupert. The Battle of Saratoga. New York: Stein and Day, 1971.

  Gaillardet, Frédéric. The Memoirs of Chevalier d’Eon. Translated by Antonia White. London: Anthony Blond Ltd., 1970.

  Gaines, James R. For Liberty and Glory: Washington, Lafayette, and Their Revolutions. New York: Norton, 2007.

  Gerlach, Don R. Philip Schuyler and the American Revolution in New York, 1733-1777. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1964.

  Gerlach, Larry R. “The Connecticut Delegates and the Continental Congress: From Confederation to Constitution, 1774-1789.” Graduate thesis, University of Nebraska, 1965.

  Gill, Harold B., Jr. The Blacksmith in Colonial Virginia. Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1965.

  Grendel, Frédéric. Beaumarchais: The Man Who Was Figaro. Translated by Roger Greaves. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1973.

  Gross, Robert A. The Minutemen and Their World. New York: Hill & Wang, 1976.

  Gudin de La Brenellerie, Paul-Philippe. Histoire de Beaumarchais. Paris: E. Plon Nouritte, 1888.

  Hamon, Joseph. Le Chevalier de Bonvouloir: Premier émissaire secret de la France auprès du Congrès de Philadelphie avant l’indépendance américaine. Paris: Jouve, 1953.

  Hatch, Louis Clinton. The Administration of the American Revolutionary Army. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1904.

  Hazard, Blanche Evans. Beaumarchais and the American Revolution. Boston: Edwin L. Slocomb, 1910.

  Hendrick, Burton J. The Lees of Virginia: Biography of a Family. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1935.

  Hibbert, Christopher. Redcoats and Rebels. New York: Norton, 1990.

  Higginbotham, Don. The War of American Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies, and Practice, 1763-1789. New York: Macmillan, 1971.

  ———, ed. Reconsiderations on the Revolutionary War: Selected Essays. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1978.

  Homberg, Octave, and Fernand Jousselin. D’Eon de Beaumont: His Life and Times. Translated by Alfred Rieu. London: Martin Secker, 1911.

  Home, Gordon, and Cecil Headlam. The Inns of Court. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1909.

  Horton, James Oliver, and Lois E. Horton. In Hope of Liberty: Culture, Community, and Protest Among Northern Free Blacks, 1700-1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

  Ingpen, Arthur Robert, ed. Master Worsley’s Book on the History and Constitution of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple. 1910. Reprint, London: Gaunt, 2003.

  Isaacson, Walter. Benjamin Franklin. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.

  James, Alfred Proctor. George Mercer of the Ohio Company: A Study in Frustration. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1963.

  James, Coy Hilton. Silas Deane: Patriot or Traitor? East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1975.

  Jellison, Charles A. Ethan Allen: Frontier Rebel. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1969.

  Johnson, Steven. The Ghost Map: The Story of London’s Most Terrifying Epidemic—And How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. New York: Riverhead Books, 2006.

  Kates, Gary. Monsieur d’Eon Is a Woman: A Tale of Political Intrigue and Sexual Masquerade . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.

  Ketchum, Richard M. Saratoga: Turning Point of America’s Revolutionary War. New York: Henry Holt, 1997.

  Kingsley, James Luce. A Sketch of the History of Yale College, in Connecticut. Boston: Perkins, Marvin & Co., 1835.

  Kite, Elizabeth S. Beaumarchais and the War of American Independence. Vols. 1 and 2. Boston: R. G. Badger, 1918.

  Knollenberg, Bernhard. Growth of the American Revolution: 1766-1775. New York: Free Press, 1975.

  Kronenberger, Louis. The Extraordinary Mr. Wilkes: His Life and Times. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1974.

  Langguth, A. J. Patriots: The Men Who Started the American Revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.

  Lee, Richard Henry. The Life of Arthur Lee. Boston, 1829.

  Lemaître, Georges. Beaumarchais. New York: Knopf, 1949.

  Lever, Maurice. Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais. Vol. 1, L’irrésistible asce
nsion (1732-1774). Paris: Fayard, 1999. (In Notes, cited as: Beaumarchais I.)

  ———. Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais. Vol. 2, Le Citoyen D’Amérique. Paris: Fayard, 2003. (In Notes, cited as: Beaumarchais II.)

  ———. Beaumarchais: A Biography. Translated by Susan Emanuel. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2009. (In Notes, cited as: Beaumarchais.)

  Lewis, George E. The Indiana Company, 1763-1798: A Study in Eighteenth Century Frontier Land Speculation and Business Venture. Glendale, Calif.: Arthur H. Clark, 1941.

  Lewis, Paul. The Grand Incendiary: A Biography of Samuel Adams. New York: Dial Press, 1971.

  Livingston, William Farrand. Israel Putnam: Pioneer, Ranger, and Major-General, 1718- 1790. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1905.

  Loménie, Louis de. Beaumarchais and His Times. Translated by Henry S. Edwards. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1857.

  Lossing, Benson J. The Life and Times of Philip Schuyler. Vols. 1 and 2. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1883.

  McCullough, David. John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

  ———. 1776. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005.

  McGaughy, J. Kent. Richard Henry Lee of Virginia: A Portrait of an American Revolutionary . Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.

  Mackesy, Piers. The War for America, 1775-1783. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1964.

  Maier, Pauline. The Old Revolutionaries: Political Lives in the Age of Samuel Adams. New York: Norton, 1980.

  Mayo, Lawrence Shaw. John Wentworth: Governor of New Hampshire, 1767-1775. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1921.

  ———. John Langdon of New Hampshire. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1937.

  Merrick, Jeffrey, and Michael Sibalis, eds. Homosexuality in French History and Culture. New York: Haworth Press, 2001.

  Middlekauff, Robert. The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763-1789. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982.

  ———. Benjamin Franklin and His Enemies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

  Miller, John C. Sam Adams, Pioneer in Propaganda. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1960.