Sir Anthony Browne (d.1548). Master of the King’s Horse, 1539–48.
Sir Thomas Cheyney (?1485–1558). Appointed Warden of the Cinque Ports 1538 and Treasurer of the Royal Household from 1539. Retained office under Edward, Mary and Elizabeth.
Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556). Archbishop of Canterbury. Supervised preparation and publication of first Prayer Book, 1549. Burnt at the stake in Oxford, 21 March 1556, for repudiating his admissions of the supremacy of the Pope and the truth of Catholic doctrine.
John Dudley (?1502–53). Created Viscount Lisle 1542. Served as Lord High Admiral, 1542–7 and 1548–9. Governor of Boulogne, 1544–6. Created Earl of Warwick on Edward’s succession and appointed Lord High Chamberlain of England 1551–3. Duke of Northumberland, 1551. Married his son to Lady Jane Grey. Executed for treason – supporting Lady Jane as queen – 22 August 1553 at Tower Hill.
Sir William Fitzwilliam, Earl of Southampton (d.1542). Lord High Admiral, 1536–40. Later Lord Privy Seal. Died on active service whilst commanding the vanguard of Norfolk’s expedition against Scotland, 1542.
Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester (c.1483–1555). Imprisoned from 1547 during most of Edward’s reign for sedition and failure in religious conformity. Appointed Lord Chancellor by Mary I on her accession in 1553. Died at Palace of Westminster, 13 November 1555.
Sir William Paget, later Lord Paget of Beaudesert (1505–63). Protégé of Bishop Stephen Gardiner. Appointed Chief Secretary of State 1543 and later was one of Henry’s chief advisers. Became an ally of radical reformers just before Henry’s death. Imprisoned in 1551 and fined £6,000 for misconduct as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Reinstated as a member of the Privy Council in 1553. Signed document transferring crown to Lady Jane Grey after Edward VI’s death but was retained by Queen Mary as a Privy Councillor because of his administrative abilities and appointed Lord Privy Seal in 1556. He gave up all public office on Elizabeth’s accession in 1558.
Sir William, Lord Parr (1513–71). Brother of Queen Katherine Parr. Made Earl of Essex, 1543. Appointed Marquis of Northampton, 1547. Condemned to death after Mary’s accession but pardoned with forfeiture of titles and part of his estates. Reinstated marquis, 1559.
Sir William Paulet, Lord St John (?1485–1572). Treasurer of the Household, 1537–9. Lord Steward of the Household, 1545–50. Keeper of the Great Seal under Somerset, 1547. Created Earl of Wiltshire, 1550, and Marquis of Winchester, 1551. Proclaimed Mary queen on 19 July 1553 at Baynard’s Castle, London. Appointed Lord Treasurer in 1549–50 and remained so until his death.
Sir William Petre (?1505–72). Created one of Henry’s secretaries, 1544. Retained office under Edward, Mary and Elizabeth until 1566, when he retired from public life.
Sir Richard Rich (?1496–1567). Speaker, House of Commons, 1536. Appointed Chancellor of the Court of Augmentations, 1536–44, overseeing revenues from dissolved monastic houses. Created Baron Rich on Edward’s accession. Lord Chancellor, 1548–51. After signing proclamation declaring Lady Jane Grey queen, he later switched sides to declare for Mary and was confirmed as a Privy Councillor. He was active in Essex in the prosecution of Protestants during the Counter-Reformation and was not confirmed as a Privy Councillor by Elizabeth on her accession.
John, Lord Russell (?1486–1555). Comptroller of the Household, 1537–9. Lord High Admiral, 1540–2. Lord Privy Seal, 1542, 1547 and 1553. Created Earl of Bedford, 1550.
Sir Edward Seymour (?1506–52). Earl of Hertford, 1537; made Duke of Somerset on Edward’s accession. Lieutenant General in the North, 1545. Lieutenant and Captain General of Boulogne, 1546. Lieutenant General of the English army in France, 1546. Lord Treasurer, 1546–7. Lord Great Chamberlain of England, 1546–7. Declared Protector by Privy Council, 31 January 1547. Arrested on charges of conspiracy to murder Warwick, October 1551, and beheaded on Tower Hill on 22 January 1552.
Sir Thomas Seymour (?1508–49). Appointed Master of Ordnance for life, 1544. Admiral of fleet serving against the French, 1544–5. Lord High Admiral and created Baron Seymour of Sudeley, 1547. Secretly married Queen Katherine Parr, ?June 1547. Attainted for treason and beheaded on 20 March 1549 on Tower Hill.
Will Somers, fool or jester (d.1560). Retired after Henry’s death but made guest appearances in masques and entertainments at Edward VI’s court. Supported by Mary and Elizabeth during their reigns. Buried in St Leonard’s Church, Shoreditch.
Sir Thomas Wriothesley (1505–50). Joint principal secretary to Henry VIII, 1540. Created Baron Wriothesley, 1544. Lord Chancellor, 1544–7. Created Earl of Southampton, 1547. Deprived of office in 1547, fined £4,000 for acting illegally in his use of the Great Seal and put under house arrest at his London home. Reinstated to Privy Council in 1548. Struck off list of Councillors, 1550.
Prince Edward’s Household
Roger Ascham (1515–68). Tutor to Princess Elizabeth and teacher to Prince Edward. Wrote and published Toxophilus or the School or Partitions of Archery, 1545. Appointed Latin Secretary to Queen Mary in 1553. Tutor and secretary to Queen Elizabeth. Given a Prebend of York, 1559. Wrote a practical treatise on education, The Schoolmaster, which, although unfinished, was published after his death, in 1570. Buried in St Sepulchre without Newgate, London.
John Cheke (1514–57). Regius professor of Greek at Cambridge University. Knighted by Edward in 1552 and appointed his secretary of state after he became king. Imprisoned in the Tower after Mary’s accession and exiled to Switzerland and Italy.
Sir John Cornwallis (c.1496–1544). Steward. Died at Ashridge, Hertfordshire.
Richard Cox (1500–81). Former headmaster of Eton and first dean of Christ Church, Oxford. Imprisoned in the Marshalsea early in Mary’s reign; escaped to Frankfurt in 1554. Became Bishop of Norwich in 1559 after Elizabeth’s accession and shortly afterwards of Ely until 1580.
Mistress Jak. Prince Edward’s wet nurse until October 1538.
Margaret, Lady Bryan. ‘Lady Mistress’ of the prince’s household.
Sybil Penn (d.1562). Sister-in-law of Sir William Sidney. Governess to the prince. Buried at Hampton, Middlesex.
Sir William Sidney (?1482–1554). Soldier. Chamberlain from 1538; later steward and tutor. Granted Penshurst estate, 1552.
The Victims
Anne Askew (1521–46). Burnt at Smithfield for heresy after torture in the Tower of London, 16 July 1546.
Robert Barnes (1495–1540). Prior of Austin Friars, Cambridge. Involved in diplomatic negotiations for Henry’s marriage with Anne of Cleves. Burnt at Smithfield for heresy, 30 July 1540.
Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex (?1485–1540). Lord Privy Seal and Vice-Regent for religious affairs. Beheaded for treason, 28 July 1540, on Tower Hill.
Thomas Culpeper. One of Henry’s Privy Chamber favourites. Beheaded as a traitor at Tyburn, 10 December 1541.
Francis Dereham. Former lover and private secretary to Queen Katherine Howard. Hanged, drawn and quartered as a traitor at Tyburn, 10 December 1541.
Thomas Fiennes, Lord Dacre of the South (b.1517). Hanged for murder at Tyburn, 29 June 1541.
Thomas Garret. Burnt at Smithfield for heresy, 30 July 1540.
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (?1517–47). Son of Thomas Howard, Third Duke of Norfolk. Poet, courtier and soldier. Beheaded for treason, 19 January 1547, on Tower Hill.
Thomas Howard, Third Duke of Norfolk (1473–1554). Soldier, Earl Marshal and Lord High Treasurer of England. Commanded English forces against the Scots, 1542. Lieutenant General of English army in France, 1544. Condemned to death for treason but saved from execution by Henry VIII’s death. Imprisoned in the Tower of London until Mary’s accession in 1553. Presided at trial of Northumberland, 1553.
William Jerome, Vicar of Stepney, East London. Burnt at Smithfield for heresy, 30 July 1540.
John Lambert alias John Nicholson. After a show trial, burnt at Smithfield, 22 November 1538, for denying the ‘Real Presence’ – the corporeal presence of Christ in the Holy Sacrament of Communion.
Richard Me
kins (1526–41). Fifteen-year-old boy burnt at Smithfield on 30 July 1541 for denying the ‘Real Presence’.
Lady Jane Rochford (?1510–42). Lady-in-waiting to Queen Anne of Cleves and Queen Katherine Howard, widow of George Boleyn (executed 17 May 1536 for conducting an incestuous relationship with his sister Anne Boleyn). Beheaded for treason, 13 February 1542, on Tower Green.
Index
KH refers to Katherine Howard
KP refers to Katherine Parr
Abbey of Bexley, Kent (given to Vicary) (i)
Abel, Thomas (papist, executed) (i)
Act of Supremacy (i), (ii)
Acts of Attainder (i)
Cromwell (i)
KH (i)
Surrey and Norfolk (i), (ii), (iii)
Wolsey (i)
Acts of Succession (i), (ii), (iii)
Acton, Master (justice of the peace) (i)
actors (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Adams, John (tailor, executed) (i)
Aguilar, Marquis de (i)
Albert, Francis (armourer) (i)
alms (i)
death of Henry (i), (ii)
Edward’s christening (i)
Alsop, Thomas (apothecary) (i), (ii), (iii)
Henry’s funeral (i)
Henry’s will (i)
Ampthill, Bedfordshire (i), (ii)
Anabaptists (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Ancrum Moor (English defeat) (i), (ii), (iii)
Anne, Queen (child’s burial) (i), (ii)
Anne of Cleves (fourth wife of Henry) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
annulment (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Barnes (i)
Cromwell (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
death (i), (ii)
Denny (i), (ii)
hopes of reconciliation (i), (ii)
Lady Denny as lady-in-waiting (i)
Lady Jane Rochford (i), (ii)
idea of marriage to Thomas Seymour (i)
pension (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
pre-contract of marriage with Francis (i), (ii)
trumpeters impress Henry (i)
wedding (i), (ii), (iii)
annulments of Henry’s marriages
Anne of Cleves (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Catherine of Aragon (i), (ii)
Antwerp
Barnes (i)
John Lambert (i)
mercenaries (i)
moneylenders (i)
planned flight by Mary (i)
Vaughan (i), (ii), (iii)
apothecaries (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Henry’s will (i)
archery (Edward) (i)
Ardres (peace treaty) (i), (ii)
Armin, Robert (actor) (i)
armour (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Butts (i)
Henry’s funeral (i)
jousting (i)
arms (heraldic) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Edward (i)
Norfolk (i)
St Edward the Confessor (i), (ii)
Surrey (i), (ii)
Wolsey (i)
Arran, Earl of (regent governor of Scotland) (i)
Arthur, Prince (Henry’s late brother) (i), (ii)
death (i)
marriage to Catherine of Aragon (i), (ii)
tuberculosis (i), (ii), (iii)
Arundel, Earl of (i)
Arundell, Millicent (witness against Surrey) (i), (ii)
Ascham, Roger (i), (ii)
tutor to Edward (i), (ii), (iii)
tutor to Elizabeth (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Ashley, Catherine ‘Cat’ (governess to Elizabeth) (i)
Ashridge, Hertfordshire (i), (ii)
Aske, Robert (attorney, executed) (i), (ii)
Askew (or Ascough), Anne (i)
executed (i), (ii), (iii)
Audley, Lady (her fool entertained KP) (i)
Audley, Sir Thomas (sees infant Edward) (i)
Augustine de Augustinis (doctor) (i), (ii), (iii)
Aurelius, Marcus (Roman Emperor) (i)
Austin Friars, Cambridge (i), (ii)
Ayliffe, Sir John (surgeon) (i), (ii), (iii)
Baker, Sir John (Attorney-General, Chancellor of Exchequer) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Bale, John (Bishop of Ossory) (i), (ii)
Bandinelli, Baccio (sculptor) (i)
Bar, Francois Duc de (married Christina of Denmark) (i)
barbers (i)
barge race on the Thames (i)
Barker, Christopher (Garter King at Arms) (i), (ii), (iii)
Barnes, Robert (evangelical priest) (i)
executed (i), (ii), (iii)
Basset, Anne (i), (ii)
Basset, Elizabeth (lady-in-waiting to Anne of Cleves) (i)
Bateson, Giles (crossbow-maker) (i)
Battle of the Spurs (i)
Baynton, Sir Edward (KH’s vice-chamberlain) (i), (ii)
Beachy Head, Sussex (English navy) (i)
Beaton, Cardinal David (Archbishop of St Andrews) (i)
Beauchamp, Viscount see Seymour, Sir Edward
Beaufort, Margaret (Henry’s grandmother) (i)
Beck, Thomas (pet food supplier) (i)
Bedford, Earl of see Russell, John Lord
Belenian, Nicholas (priest, executed) (i)
Bell, Richard (KP’s household) (i)
Bellin, Nicholas, of Modena (carver of Henry’s effigy) (i)
Belmaine, John (taught Edward French) (i)
Bembridge, Isle of Wight (French troops landed) (i)
Bennet, Mr (tried for heresy) (i)
Blagge, Sir George (pardoned) (i), (ii)
Blount, Elizabeth (mother of Henry’s illegitimate son) (i)
Boleyn, Anne (second wife of Henry) (i), (ii), (iii)
Baynton (i), (ii)
birth of Elizabeth (i), (ii), (iii)
brother executed for incest (i), (ii)
burial in the Tower of London (i)
cousin of KH (i)
doctors (i), (ii)
executed (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
failure to bear a son (i)
miscarriages (i), (ii)
niece of Norfolk (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
syphilis (i)
wedding (i), (ii)
Wolsey (i)
Boleyn, George (brother of Anne, executed) (i), (ii)
Boleyn, Mary (Henry’s mistress) (i)
Boleyn, Thomas (Earl of Wiltshire, Norfolk’s brother-in-law) (i)
Bonner, Edmund (Bishop of London) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
book burning (i)
Boole, John (Henry’s confessor) (i)
Boorde, Andrew (doctor) (i)
Boulogne (i)
Denny knighted (i)
Hertford (i), (ii), (iii)
Lisle (i)
handed back to the French (i)
mercenaries (i)
papal Bull (i)
Privy Council (i), (ii)
Surrey (i)
war (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Bourchier, Henry (second Earl of Essex) (i), (ii), (iii)
Bowes, Sir Martin (Sheriff of London) (i), (ii)
Brabant (mercenaries) (i)
Bradshaw, Henry (Chief Baron of Exchequer) (i)
Brandon, Charles (first Duke of Suffolk) (i), (ii), (iii)
Anne of Cleves (i)
attack on Edinburgh (i)
burial (i), (ii), (iii)
death (i), (ii), (iii)
godfather to Edward (i)
Henry marries KP (i)
jousting (i), (ii), (iii)
KH’s arrest (i), (ii)
war in France (i), (ii), (iii)
wife had dog called ‘Gardiner’ (i)
Brandon, Henry (second Duke of Suffolk) (i)
Bray, Lord (Henry’s funeral) (i)
Bridgewater, Lady Katherine (aunt of KH) (i)
Brighton, Sussex (attacked by French warships) (i)
Brione, Martin (gift to Edward) (i)
Bristow, Nicholas (Privy Purse) (i), (ii)
Bromley, Sir Thomas (executor of Henry’s will) (i)
Browne, Sir Anthony (Master of the King’s Horse) (i)
Anne of Cleves (i)
Edward’s christening (i)
Edward’s succession (i)
executor of Henry’s will (i)
Henry’s funeral (i)
Henry’s will (i), (ii), (iii)
Norfolk (i)
religious conservatism (i)
Surrey (i)
wedding of Henry and KP (i)
Bruges, John (tailor) (i)
Bruges, Thomas (banner bearer) (i)
Brussels (i), (ii)
Bryan, Sir Francis (Chief Gentleman of Privy Chamber) (i), (ii)
Bryan, Margaret, Lady (i), (ii)
Buckingham, Duke of (Humfrey Stafford) (i)
Buckingham, Edward, third Duke of (i)
Bullein, William (nurse-surgeon) (i)
Bulmer, Sir John (executed as traitor) (i), (ii)
Bungay, Suffolk (given to Denny) (i)
Burgavenny, Lord (Henry’s funeral) (i)
Burgundy (claimed by Spain) (i), (ii)
Burnet, Bishop (i)
Busebridge, John (murdered) (i)
Butts, Sir William (doctor) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Cranmer (i), (ii)
death (i)
Edward (i)
Jane Seymour (i), (ii)
Calais (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Arthur Plantagenet as Captain (i)
Herbert as Governor (i)
Lisle (i)
plague (i)
war (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Callyniuod, Robert (laundry and clothing bill) (i)
Campe (peace treaty) (i), (ii)
Canterbury, Archbishop of see Cranmer
Canterbury Cathedral (i), (ii)
Capon, John (Bishop of Salisbury) (i)
card games (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Carew, Sir Gawen (Vice-Admiral of English fleet) (i), (ii)
Carew, Lady Martha (sister of Denny) (i), (ii)
Carew, Sir Nicholas (Edward’s christening) (i)
Carew, Sir Wymond (Receiver-General to Anne of Cleves) (i), (ii)
Carwarden, Sir Thomas (pardoned) (i)
Castillon, Louis de Perreau, Sieur de (French ambassador) (i), (ii)
Cathedral of Notre Dame (Mass for Henry) (i)
Cathedral of St Bavo, Ghent (i)
Catherine of Aragon (first wife of Henry) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
The Last Days of Henry VIII Page 36