depressions of, 28, 44, 98, 215, 251, 268, 293
at Diebold Company, 272, 276, 283, 284–86
drinking of, 33, 117, 228, 234, 247, 251, 268, 270, 271, 273, 279, 283, 287, 288
fan mail to, 89–90
financial problems of, 284, 286, 294
interviews of, 88–89, 91
mayoral campaign of, 276–83, 285
memoir of, 2–4, 52, 83, 94, 289–95
at Middle East Company, 272, 284
move to Cleveland, 4, 114
move to Coudersport, 286
nervousness of, 31, 78
nightlife enjoyed by, 228, 232, 247
at North Ridge Industrial Corporation, 286–88, 289, 293, 294
in pedestrian incident, 234
photos of, 7, 111
politics and, 245–46
practical jokes played by, 234
press and, 88–91
promoted to chief investigator of Chicago office, 104
resignation as Cleveland safety director, 251, 254–56
resignation as director of Social Protection, 272
returns to Cleveland, 272
shyness and repression of, 5, 28, 31, 65
in Washington, D.C., 261, 264–65
women and, 4, 5, 11, 12, 82, 117, 217–19, 233, 234, 259, 270–71
Ness, Elisabeth “Betty” (third wife), 162, 187, 218, 272–75, 285, 286, 288, 293, 294
appearance and personality of, 273–74, 287
art career of, 162, 274–75
at Cleveland School of Art, 162, 274
drinking of, 287
at Great Lakes Exposition, 162–63, 263
Ness first noticed by, 163, 273
Ness’s death and, 1, 2
Ness’s marriage to, 272–73
Ness’s mayoral campaign and, 276–78, 280
Ness, Emma (mother), 17, 28, 31, 91, 174
death of, 192
Ness, Evaline McAndrew (second wife), 2, 190, 219, 220–22, 227–35, 244, 254, 255, 261, 263–64
American Women’s Voluntary Services joined by, 265–66
appearance and personality of, 227, 229–31, 274
art career of, 227, 229, 231–33, 251, 265, 266–68, 291
at Art Institute of Chicago, 232, 266, 267
in automobile accident, 247–50
breakdown of marriage to Ness, 233–34, 265, 267
at Corcoran School of Art, 266–68
death of, 291
drinking of, 231, 232, 247, 267, 291
female companion of, 269–70
kitchen accident of, 233
move to Cleveland, 222, 227
Ness left by, 268
Ness’s divorce from, 268–69, 272, 273
Ness’s first dinner with, 221–22
Ness’s first meeting of, 190–91
Ness’s marriage to, 229, 230
Ness’s work and, 229–31, 234–35
skinny-dipping expedition led by, 234
in Washington, D.C., 261, 264–65
Ness, Peter (father), 17, 31, 65, 91, 288
death of, 192
Ness, Robert “Bobby” (son), 275, 286, 288, 294
Newberry, Ted, 92, 98
Newsweek, 210, 221
Neww, F. P., 53n
New York Times, 2, 25
Northern Ohio Food Terminal, 204
North Ridge Industrial Corporation, 286–88, 289, 293, 294
Northwestern University forensic crime laboratory, 76–77
Norton, Clifford, 274
Novick, Lynn, 4
Nye, Gerald P., 54–55
O’Banion, Dean, 45
O’Boyle, Anthony, 121
O’Boyle, Marty, 121
Odovene Club, 139–40
Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services (ODHWS), Social Protection Division of, 252
Ness appointed director of, 252–54, 272
O’Hare, Edward “Easy Eddie,” 97
Oldag, Louis, 214
Olmstead, Roy, 72
O’Neill, Francis, 250
Outfit (Chicago Mob), 25, 61, 63, 70, 73, 77, 92, 194
bribery attempts of, 78–79
Ness and his men harassed by, 84
Torrio as leader of, 25, 26
youth gangs and, 186
see also Capone syndicate
Painters District Council, 204, 216–17
Pasley, Fred, 46
Patton, James “Shimmy,” 132–33, 135, 138
Pavlova, Anna, 58
Pearce, Arthur J., 113, 170–71
Pearl Harbor, 246
Phelps, Joseph E., 3, 287–88, 289
Philippines, 254
Phillis Wheatley Association, 250
phone wiretapping, see wiretapping
Piazza, Philip, 26
Picchi, Mike, 41, 43, 44, 126
Pickus, Abe, 237, 244
Pierce, Waldo, 80
Pilliod, Gerard J., 155
Pirchner, Herman, 194, 195
Pittsburgh Mob, 238–39
Plain Dealer, 120–22, 124, 141, 156, 169, 171, 176, 182, 193, 197, 225, 229, 230, 232, 238, 240, 255, 269, 270
Ness’s mayoral campaign and, 276, 278, 279, 281, 282
police corruption, see Cleveland Police Department, corruption in
police science, 76–77, 284–85
policy and clearing house games, 195–99, 201, 202, 238
Polillo, Florence, 142–44, 212, 285
Polizzi, Albert (Chuck), 239
polygraph (lie detector), 76, 212–15
Porello, Joe, 197
Porello, Vincenzo, 197
Porter, Philip, 124, 176, 182, 188, 193, 218, 228, 282
Potts, Emmett, 176
Pravda, 171
Price, James, 174, 181
Prohibition, 4, 13–14, 21–23, 268
gangsters and, 23–25
private clubs and, 10
repeal of, 104, 105, 106–8, 195
resistance to, 24, 55
women and, 10
Prohibition Bureau, 13–15
agents’ off-hours activities and, 101
Chicago office of, see Chicago Prohibition office
City Hall Square incident and, 21
corruption within, 13–14, 16, 17, 32, 55
Ness’s early work at, 16–17
professionalization of, 21n
Prohibition’s repeal and, 105, 107, 108
Special Agency Division of, see Special Agency Division
transferred from Treasury Department to Justice Department, 50
wiretapping of offices of, 94
prohibition movement, 22, 98
prostitution, 137, 140–41, 250, 252, 253, 263, 272
Reich’s views on, 271
soldiers and, 252, 261–63, 272
teen-sex scandal and, 250–51
Prucha, Joseph F., 240–41
Ptak, Frank, 141
public dress codes, 136
Pucel, Eddie, 281–82
Pullman, Chicago, 28
Purple Gang, 54, 118
Rand, Sally, 47, 58–59
Reader’s Digest, 210
Reich, Wilhelm, 271
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste, 266
Republic Steel Corporation, 206
Resnick, Steve, 227
Retail Credit Company, 16
Richardson, Willie, 195, 196, 257
Richter, Albert, 84
Ries, Fred, 97
Rio, Frank, 92
Robeson, Paul, 287
Robinson, David L., Jr., 253–54
Robsky, Paul, 66, 87, 98,
104, 107
later career of, 292
wiretapping and, 72–75
Rodzinski, Artur, 114
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 254
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 104–5, 120, 160
Roosevelt, Theodore, 250
Rose, Billy, 161n
Rotary International Convention, 243
Roth, Arthur, 241
Rowe, Ernest, 54
Russo, Philip, 144, 212
Sabath, Adolph J., 105
Sagalyn, Arnold, 2, 155, 232–33, 256, 262, 263, 269, 270
St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, 48–49, 50, 59
Scerria, “Little Angelo,” 196, 239, 240, 244, 257
Schreckengost, Viktor, 217–18, 235
Schrembs, Joseph, 202
Schwartz, Raymond, 90–91
Seager, Samuel “Maurice,” 53–54, 64, 79, 87, 98, 107, 292
Seaver, Elisabeth Andersen, see Ness, Elisabeth “Betty”
Seaver, Hugh, 162, 218, 272, 273, 275
Secret Six (Citizens’ Committee for the Prevention and Punishment of Crime), 51, 60, 76
crime laboratory and, 76
Ness’s bringing of idea to Cleveland, 130
Seeley, Jim, 57, 62–63, 84
Shaffer, Almon, 161
Shampanore, G. Frank, 286–88
Shoemaker, John W., 174
Shumway, Leslie, 97
Silverman, Bud, 270, 276
Sims, Ralph, 248
Sims, Robert, 247–49
Slesick, Stanley, 78
Smith, Al, 41, 55
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, 58
Social Protection Division of the Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services (ODHWS), 252
Ness appointed director of, 252–54
Special Agency Division, 14, 21n, 98
City Hall Square incident and, 19–21
Ness’s joining of, 12, 13, 16–18
Stafford, Harry, 72
Standard Bank, 115
Statler Hotel, 197, 228
Stege, John, 42–43
Sterling, Robert D., 87
Stevenson, A. E., 280
Sticha, Jerry, 134
stock market, 202, 203
crash of, 52n, 58, 114–15
Story, Frank, 150, 188
Stotts, Gaylord, 174, 175, 183
Stouffer, Vernon, 206, 208, 284
Stutzman, Warren E., 87
Sulzmann, John, 132, 134, 136, 138, 139
Sunning (Evaline Ness), 232
Sutphin, A. C., 205
Sutton, Alvin, 281, 284, 285
Svoboda, Steve, 69–71, 85
Swanson, John A., 41
Sweeney, Francis, 213–15, 222–24, 226, 244–45, 286
letters to Ness from, 285, 286
Sweeney, Martin L., 211, 213, 224
Taft, Franny, 287
Taylor, Myrtle, 236, 237, 239, 244
Taylor, Walter, 1, 293
teen-sex scandal, 250–51
Terkel, Louis “Studs,” 46
Thomas Club, 132–35, 138
Thompson, William “Big Bill,” 24, 60
Thorpe, Jim, 80
Torrio, Johnny, 23, 25, 26, 46, 47, 86
Capone and, 23, 25, 45
torso murders, see Cleveland torso murders
Touhy, Roger, 99
traffic safety, 144, 187–88, 189
Treasury Department:
Alcohol Tax Unit (ATU) of, 107–8, 114–19, 121, 123–24, 149, 292
Prohibition Bureau transferred to Justice Department from, 50
Twenty-first Amendment, 105
Tynan, Kenneth, 271
union racketeering, 204–10, 216
Union Station, 57
United Auto Workers (UAW), 229–30
Unknowns, 150–51, 155, 166, 211, 213, 216, 237, 245, 246
Untouchables (Capone squad), 2, 4, 6, 122, 290
adventurousness of, 93
bribes and, 78–79
disbanding of, 98, 104
first meeting of, 57
formation of, 51–52, 61
later careers of agents in, 107–8, 292
men chosen for, 52–57
Mob’s theft of cars of, 84
Ness’s memories of, 289–92
Ness’s relationship to agents of, 64–65
nickname acquired by, 87, 88
raids on Capone’s operations by, 67–72, 76, 92–94, 99, 122, 289–91
raids on Capone’s successors by, 99–100
Untouchables, The (Ness and Fraley), 2–4, 52, 83, 94, 289–95
Vaccarelli, Dan, 84
Vanity Fair, 101
Vehovec, Anton, 163–65, 176
venereal disease, 252, 261–63, 272
vice campaigns, 250
Vogue, 265
Vollmer, August, 52n, 127–28
as Berkeley police chief, 127, 187
Keeler and, 76
as Los Angeles police chief, 128
Ness influenced by, 88, 127–31, 184, 242, 250
sex crimes as viewed by, 250
Social Protection Division and, 252, 253
Volstead Act, 22–24, 45, 90
case against Capone, 82, 83, 100, 104
Walker, Walter, 164
Wallace, Rose, 212
Walther, Julia, 58
Warner, Pop, 80–81
Washington, D.C.:
Nesses’ life in, 261, 264–65
women in, 264
Webster, James, 249
Weems, Ted, 161
Weygandt, Carl V., 182
Wilkerson, James, 96–97, 168
Wilkinson, Dorothy, 286, 291
Wilkinson, Lewis, 286, 291
Willebrandt, Mabel, 13, 15, 21, 24, 50, 66
Williams, Oscar, 199–200, 240, 257
Wilson, Frank, 85, 97, 253
Wilson, Keith, 123, 149, 150, 155, 166, 205, 246
Wilson, O. W., 252–54, 261
wiretapping:
and allegations against Cloonan, 102–4
of Capone’s people by Capone squad, 72–76, 82, 89, 91, 92
of Prohibition Bureau, 94
Wolff, Al, 4, 105
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 22
women:
Ness and, 4, 5, 11, 12, 82, 117, 217–19, 233, 234, 259, 270–71
Prohibition and, 10
war effort and, 265
in Washington, D.C., 264
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 242, 275
World War I, 23, 28
World War II, 246, 252–54, 264, 266, 268, 272, 275, 284, 285
women and, 265
Wright, Howell, 244
Yellowley, E. C., 14, 21, 25, 39, 91
Young, Clarence L., 216–17
youth-employment agency, 242
youth gangs, 185–87, 188, 241, 242
crime-prevention bureau and, 241–43
Zale, Tony, 28
Zalewski, Martin, 172, 173, 211, 244–45
Zanesville, Ohio, 118–19, 121, 123
Zappone, Anthony, 243
* Twenty-five years later, in his memoir, Eliot would incorrectly remember the day he was given the job as September 28, 1929, a month before the stock market crash that hurtled the country into the worst economic tailspin in its history. He may have been remembering his return to school; the fall of 1929 was when he began a graduate-level police-administration course at his alma mater, taught by renowned criminologist August Vollmer.
* Special Agent F. P. Neww and “special employee” E. A. Moore would be the first agents to join the team. They would stay with the squad for only
a short period. That Albert Nabers didn’t even make the short list for consideration is another indication that Eliot had little or nothing to do with choosing the unit’s men.
* Johnson also tapped another Detroit agent, Ulrich Berard, to join the squad, but Berard was soon returned to Michigan, perhaps in an effort to keep Rowe happy.
* In 1967, the Supreme Court would overturn the “Olmstead standard,” deciding that Fourth Amendment protections extended to wherever a person had “a reasonable expectation of privacy,” thus necessitating a judge’s OK before police could put in a wire.
* The secretary was probably Edna. Robsky remembered the name when relating the story years later, and it’s unlikely Eliot would have trusted any other secretary for such an assignment.
* $3,800 in 1933 is about $65,000 in 2013 dollars.
* He noted the serial number—678872—in official police files.
* Until the Supreme Court decided in 1987 that Indian tribes could build casinos on reservations, the places in America where people could legally gamble were few and far between.
* $139,000 in 1936 is equivalent to about $2 million in 2013.
* Cadek, sentenced to two to twenty years in the Ohio Penitentiary, would take his case all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. The appeal failed. The court refused to accept Cadek’s contention that “he could not be convicted of receiving bribes from bootleggers after state prohibition laws had been repealed.”
* At the Expo’s revival the following summer, Eliot, by now fully briefed on the attractions, would attend the Aquafemme tryouts at the Allerton Hotel. Aquacade producer Billy Rose insisted the pool be maintained at a near-frigid temperature during the auditions to encourage tumescent nipples. When asked, an assistant in the safety department said the director was there in an “unofficial capacity.”
* It was assumed that Eliot was a Republican, since he worked for a Republican administration, but he had never publicly laid claim to a political affiliation.
* Cleveland held mayoral elections every two years until 1981, when the term was extended to four years.
* Years later, the foot patrol would come back into vogue, and “community policing” would be held up as a way to make officers once again a part of the neighborhoods they served.
* Birns continued to ply his trade in Cleveland for another thirty years—until a car bomb killed him in 1975 at age seventy.
* Eliot was spot-on with his art history. Renoir sat out the Franco-Prussian War in his late twenties and, shortly before his death at seventy-eight, he painted through World War I, too.
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