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The author is grateful for permission to include the following previously copy-righted material:
Cooper, J. Principles of Personal Defense. Copyright © 1985 by Jeff Cooper.
Reprinted with permission of Paladin Press.
Dyer, G. War. Copyright © 1986 by Gwynne Dyer. Reprinted with permission of the author.
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1987 by Richard A. Gabriel. Reprinted with permission of Hill and Wang, a division of Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Inc.
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Glenn Gray; © renewed 1987 by Ursula A. Gray. Reprinted with permission of Ursula A. Gray.
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Grossman, D. A. "Moral Approach Only the Start: The Bottom Line in P.O.W. Treatment" in Army: Journal of the Association of the United States
-Army. Copyright © 1984 by the Association of the U.S. Army. Reprinted with permission of Army magazine.
Heckler, R. S. In Search of the Warrior Spirit. Copyright © 1990, 1992 by Richard Strozzi Heckler. Reprinted with permission of North Atlantic Books.
Holmes, R. Acts of War: The Behavior of Men in Battle. Copyright © 1985 by Richard Holmes. Reprinted with permission of the author.
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Keegan, J., and R. Holmes. Soldiers: A History of Men in Battle. Copyright ©
1985 by John Keegan, Richard Holmes, and John Gau Productions. R e -
printed with permission of Shiel Land Associates.
Keillor, G. "Hog Slaughter," from "A Prairie Home Companion," produced by Minnesota Public Radio. Copyright © 1994 by Garrison Keillor. R e -
printed with permission of the author.
Moran, L. Anatomy of Courage. Copyright 1987, Constable & Company Ltd., London. Reprinted with permission of Constable Publishers, Constable and Company Limited, 3 The Lanchesters, 162 Fulham Palace Road, London W6 9ER
BIBLIOGRAPHY
353
Many of the quotes within this book are from personal interviews with the author. As mentioned in the acknowledgements, another major source for this book has been Soldier of Fortune magazine. In the environment of condemnation and accusation that existed immediately after the Vietnam War, SOF was the only national forum in which Vietnam veterans could attain some degree of closure by writing of their experiences in a sympathetic and nonjudgmental environment.
I would ask those who would prejudge this material as "mindless machismo"
to observe the true nature of these narratives. Many of these veterans tell of instances in which they did not kill the enemy even when they had every reason and justification to do so; and many tell of the shock and trauma associated with having killed, and the guilt and anguish which followed their experiences.
I want to thank Colonel (retired) Alex McColl, at Soldier of Fortune, for his support and assistance in using these quotes (a detailed listing of which can be found in the bibliography) and I would like to thank all of the authors of these and every other work quoted in this book, and all of those whom I have had the priviledge to interview as a part of this study. This book — indeed this entirly new field of study, which I have termed killology — would not be possible were it not for those who have gone before us, the veterans and authors on whose shoulders this study stands.
Index
acceptance, of killing. See rationalization and Arab-Israeli War, 43
acceptance, of killing
archetypes, behavioral, 184, 340-41
accountability. See comrades,
Arendt, Hannah, 207
accountability to
Army, U.S., 34, 35, 68, 82, 189, 253, 255.
acute combat reaction, 36
See also Army Rangers, U.S.
aggravated assault, 299—301
Air Corps, 30, 181
aggression
fear acceptable in, 53
absence of empathy and, 182—83
Special Forces, 68, 129, 257
distance, effect of, 97
Army Life pamphlet, 53
emotional withdrawal and, 160
Army magazine, 34, 35
facing, 61-62, 76-78, 81
Army Rangers, U.S., 67-68, 71
genetic predisposition for, 181, 182
knife-kill training, 129
in Nazi death camps, 78-79
POW treatment, training in, 204
obedience and, 141-43
in Somalia, 258
patterns of, 6, 181
Arnold, Tracy, 132
resistance to engaging in, 54, 76—78
artillery, 11, 27, 57-58, 59, 80, 97, 107-08
response to, 5-16
assassins, 160, 306-07
sex and, 134—37
atomic bombs, 99, 102, 108, 331
training for, 319. See also conditioning atrocities, 105, 263
aggressive psychopaths. See psychopaths, in Congo, 217-21
aggressive
defined, 194
Airborne, U.S. Army, 68
denial of, 211-13
air combat. See pilots
empowerment through, 205-10,
Air Force, U.S., 30, 182
214-15
Alexander, General, 85
enabling enemy through, 216, 221
Alexander the Great, 12-13, 120, 128-29
group absolution in, 224-25
ambush patrols, 60-61, 196-99
legitimizing of, 214
amnesia, 46
power of, 203-15
Anderson, R. B., 236
psychological trauma of committing,
Andrade, D„ 282
222-26
Angell, Norman, 33
range of, 195-202
animal response patterns, 5-6
refusal to participate in, 224, 225-26
anonymity, effect of, 151—53
self-destructive nature of, 214-16, 221
anxiety states, 47
self-pr
eservation in, 225, 226
Appel, J. W., 52
U.S. position on, 205
I N D E X 355
in Vietnam War. See Vietnam War Bush, George, 242
attrition warfare, 80-81
authority. See obedience-demanding
Calley, William, 104, 145, 190
authority
Cambodia, genocide in, 212
cannons, 11, 154
Babylon, destruction of, 102-04
Canterwall, Brandon, 329
back stabbing, 127-29, 173
Caputo, Phillip, 79
Banko, Steve, 146, 173, 174, 196, 294
Carrington, Charles, 200
Barbusse, Henri, 72
Catton, Bruce, 26
Bartlett, F. C, 69, 94
censorship, 326-27
Bashan, Gaby, 199
character disorders, 48
basic training, 190, 317
chariots, 153
Battle of the Bulge, 204, 216
chase instinct, 127-29
bayoneting, 98, 120-26, 337
children
in Nazi death camps, 104
effect of movies/videos on, 308,
training in, 121, 123, 190
314-16, 322
Beebe, G. W., 52
killing of, 174-75, 266-67, 287
behavioral archetypes, 184, 340-41
China, atrocities in, 215
Belgrade, Battle of, 10-11
Churchill, Winston, 166, 242
Berkun, Mitchell, 52, 53
civilians
Bettelheim, B., 335
as bombing victims. See bombing, mass Bible, 132, 337-39
close-range killing of, 199-202, 263,
Binyon, Laurence, 62
265-67, 287
bomber crews, 59, 65, 79, 100-02, 104,
Civil War, U.S.
107-08
attacks during flight, 127
bombing, mass, 55-58, 79, 80, 97, 99-102,
discarded weapons in, 21—25
104, 105, 106
edged-weapons combat in, 123
bombings, strategic, 207—08
ineffective firing in, 11
bonding
killing rates, 184, 333
to comrades, 90, 149-50, 153, 210-11,
legal justification for, 166-67
269-70, 275-76
musket fire in, 10
to leaders, 144, 210-11
nonfirers in, 17-27
through atrocities, 210-11, 214-15
social support for, 279-80
Borowski, Tadeusz, 102-04
civil wars, 25, 160, 166
Bosnia, 211, 215
classical conditioning, 252-53, 255, 317