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by Peter Hart


  38.

  S. Westmacott, quoted by D. Cameron, 25 April, 1915: The Day the Anzac Legend was Born (Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin, 2007), pp. 200–201.

  39.

  Brotherton Special Collections Library, Leeds University, Liddle Collection: E. W. Moorhead, typescript diary, 25/4/1915.

  40.

  R. O. Cowey, ‘Monash Valley’, Reveille, 1/4/1936, p. 40.

  41.

  J. J. Talbot Hobbs, ‘A Gunner’s Reflections: Gallipoli Campaign’, Reveille, 31/3/1932, p. 66.

  42.

  V. H. Williams, quoted by N. K. Harvey, From Anzac to the Hindenburg Line: The History of the 9th Battalion, AIF (London: Naval & Military Press, reprinted 2008), pp. 56–7.

  43.

  P. C. Fenwick, ‘Reminiscences of Anzac’, Reveille, 31/3/1932, p. 39.

  44.

  IWM Docs: E. B. Clark, transcript account, p. 2.

  45.

  IWM Sound: J. R. Ford, AC 8172, reel 2.

  46.

  Brotherton Special Collections Library, Leeds University, Liddle Collection: C. R. Duke, typescript account, p. 57.

  47.

  H. W. Murray, ‘The First Three Weeks on Gallipoli’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 60.

  48.

  W. G. Malone, edited by J. Crawford, No Better Death: The Great War Diaries and Letters of William G. Malone (Auckland: Reed Publishing Ltd, 2005), p. 163.

  49.

  W. Birdwood, Khaki and Gown: An Autobiography (London & Melbourne: Ward, Lock & Co. Ltd, 1941), p. 259.

  50.

  W. Birdwood, quoted by I. Hamilton, Gallipoli Diary, Vol. I (London: Edward Arnold: 1920), p. 143.

  51.

  C. F. Thursby, ‘Power of the Navy: Made Landing Possible’, Reveille, 31/3/1932, p. 54.

  52.

  I. Hamilton, Gallipoli Diary, Vol. I (London: Edward Arnold, 1920), p. 142.

  53.

  I. Hamilton, Gallipoli Diary, Vol. I (London: Edward Arnold, 1920), p. 144.

  54.

  IWM Printed Books: Atatürk Memoirs, KO3/1686, p. 10.

  55.

  IWM Docs, Rayfield Papers Collection: S. Aker, ‘The Dardanelles: The Ari Burnu Battles and 27 Regiment’.

  56.

  Later known as Fahrettin Altay.

  57.

  Brotherton Special Collections Library, Leeds University, Liddle Collection: F. Altay, manuscript translation of letter, 7/5/1915.

  58.

  H. W. Murray, ‘The First Three Weeks on Gallipoli’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 60.

  59.

  H. W. Murray, ‘The First Three Weeks on Gallipoli’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 60.

  60.

  IWM Docs: D. Hearder, typescript account, ‘Landing of the 3rd Brigade’, pp. 14–15.

  61.

  IWM Docs: C. K. Bampton, manuscript diary, 26/4/1915.

  62.

  H. W. Murray, ‘The First Three Weeks on Gallipoli’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 60.

  63.

  R. G. Casey, ‘First Survey of Anzac Line’, Reveille, 1/4/1936, p. 6.

  64.

  F. C. James, ‘MacLaurin’s Ridge, April 26–27, 1915’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 38.

  65.

  J. Monash, quoted by F. M. Cutlack, War Letters of General Monash (Australia: Angus & Robertson Ltd, 1934), pp. 55–6.

  66.

  IWM Docs: W. Weaver, typescript copy of letter, c. 1915.

  67.

  IWM Docs: T. S. Louch, typescript account, p. 15.

  68.

  Norman Clayden, aged nineteen, was reported killed on 2 May 1915. There is no known grave for him but he is commemorated on the Lone Pine Memorial.

  69.

  IWM Docs: T. S. Louch, typescript account, pp. 15–16.

  70.

  H. W. Murray, ‘The First Three Weeks on Gallipoli’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 61.

  6. 25 April: Landings at Helles

  1.

  A. Hunter-Weston, quoted by S. Gillon, The Story of the 29th Division (London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1925), p. 17.

  2.

  D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, pp. 17–18.

  3.

  D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 19.

  4.

  I. Hamilton, quoted by C. F. Aspinall-Oglander, Military Operations: Gallipoli, Vol. I (London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1929), p. 204.

  5.

  A. J. Welch, quoted by S. Gillon, The K.O.S.B. in the Great War (London: Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd, 1930), p. 136.

  6.

  D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 21.

  7.

  J. Vickers, quoted by S. M. Holloway, From Trench and Turret: Royal Marines Letters and Diaries, 1914–1918 (Portsmouth: Royal Marines Museum), p. 40.

  8.

  D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 22.

  9.

  D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 23.

  10.

  D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 23.

  11.

  D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 24 and Book 2, p. 1.

  12.

  D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 2, pp. 1–2.

  13.

  J. Vickers, quoted by S. M. Holloway, From Trench and Turret: Royal Marines Letters and Diaries, 1914–1918 (Portsmouth: Royal Marines Museum), p. 47.

  14.

  D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 2, p. 2.

  15.

  W. Marshall, Memories of Four Fronts (London: Ernest Benn Ltd, 1929), p. 58.

  16.

  A. P. Davidson, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), p. 99.

  17.

  IWM Docs: J. A. Godwyn, typescript memoir, ‘My Experiences in the Turkish War on the Gallipoli Peninsula’.

  18.

  IWM Docs: S. W. Hare, typescript diary, 25/4/1915.

  19.

  IWM Docs: H. R. Tate, manuscript diary, 25/4/1915.

  20.

  Leading Seaman Gilligan, letter to the Bury Guardian, 16/6/1916.

  21.

  H. R. Clayton, quoted by O. Creighton, With the Twenty-ninth Division in Gallipoli (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1916), pp. 59–60.

  22.

  H. Shaw, quoted by O. Creighton, With the Twenty-ninth Division in Gallipoli (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1916), p. 62.

  23.

  IWM Docs: R. Willis, manuscript letter, 10/5/1915.

  24.

  G. S. Adams, quoted by O. Creighton, With the Twenty-ninth Division in Gallipoli (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1916), p. 58.

  25.

  H. R. Clayton, quoted by O. Creighton, With the Twenty-ninth Division in Gallipoli (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1916), pp. 59–60.

  26.

  H. Shaw, quoted by O. Creighton, With the Twenty-ninth Division in Gallipoli (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1916), p. 62.

  27.

  IWM Docs: S. W. Hare, typescript diary, 25/4/1915.

  28.

  IWM Docs: S. W. Hare, typescript diary, 25/4/1915.

  29.

  IWM Docs: S. W. Hare, typescript diary, 25/4/1915.

  30.

  IWM Docs: H. R. Tate, manuscript diary, 25/4/1915.

  7. 25 April: Drama at V Beach

  1.

  IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 3.

  2.

  IWM Docs: H. W. Williams, typescript account, ‘Fat’s War’, pp. 70–71.

  3.

  IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 2.

  4.

  IWM Docs, Papers of G. B. Stoney: H. E. Tizard, typescript account, p. 6.

  5.

  IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript
account, ‘River Clyde’, pp. 4–5.

  6.

  National Army Museum: D. French, manuscript letter, ref. 72558.

  7.

  M. C. H. Lloyd, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), pp. 106–7.

  8.

  C. W. Maffett, quoted by H. C. Wylly, Neill’s ‘Blue Caps’ (County Cork: Schull Books, 1996), p. 30.

  9.

  National Army Museum: D. French, manuscript letter, ref. 72559.

  10.

  National Army Museum: D. French, manuscript letter, ref. 72560–72561.

  11.

  C. W. Maffett, quoted by H. C. Wylly, Neill’s ‘Blue Caps’ (County Cork: Schull Books, 1996), pp. 30–31.

  12.

  R. Martin, letter, 26/5/1915, http://corcaigh3.googlepages.com/Sedd el Bahr.

  13.

  IWM Docs: E. E. Rickus, manuscript letter, 7/5/1915.

  14.

  H. M. S. Forbes, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), pp. 110–11.

  15.

  IWM Docs: G. L. Drewry, manuscript letter, 12/5/1915.

  16.

  IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, pp. 5–6.

  17.

  R. Lane, quoted by S. McCance, History of the Royal Munster Fusiliers, Vol. II (Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1927), p. 49.

  18.

  R. Lane, quoted by S. McCance, History of the Royal Munster Fusiliers, Vol. II (Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1927), p. 49.

  19.

  IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, p. 6.

  20.

  IWM Docs: G. L. Drewry, manuscript letter, 12/5/1915.

  21.

  National Archives: G. Geddes, report, Royal Munsters Fusiliers War Diary, WO95/4310.

  22.

  National Archives: G. Geddes, report, Royal Munsters Fusiliers War Diary, WO95/4310.

  23.

  IWM Sound: W. Flynn, SR 4103.

  24.

  IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, p. 6.

  25.

  IWM Docs: G. L. Drewry, manuscript letter, 12/5/1915.

  26.

  M. C. H. Lloyd, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), pp. 107–8.

  27.

  IWM Docs, papers of G. B. Stoney: H. E. Tizard, typescript account, pp. 8 & 9.

  28.

  IWM Docs: G. Keen, manuscript letter, misc. 37, item 682.

  29.

  Quoted by C. F. Aspinall-Oglander, Military Operations: Gallipoli, Vol. I (London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1929), p. 240.

  30.

  C. Jeffries, ‘Landing on the 25th’, The Gallipolian, no. 36, p. 23.

  31.

  IWM Docs: G. Keen, manuscript letter, misc. 37, item 682.

  32.

  M. C. H. Lloyd, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), p. 108.

  33.

  Lieutenant Reginald Corbet.

  34.

  C. W. Maffett, quoted by H. C. Wylly, Neill’s ‘Blue Caps’ (County Cork: Schull Books, 1996), p. 31.

  35.

  D. J. Moriarty, http://ww1.osborn.ws/.

  36.

  IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, p. 8.

  37.

  IWM Docs, E. Unwin Collection: J. C. Wedgwood, typescript letter, 24/4/1915–26/4/1918.

  38.

  J. Parkinson, quoted by S. Snelling, VCs of the First World War: Gallipoli (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1995), p. 41.

  39.

  Able Seaman Ernest Grose.

  40.

  H. M. S. Forbes, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), pp. 112–13.

  41.

  IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, p. 7.

  42.

  IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, p. 7.

  43.

  IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, pp. 8 & 10.

  44.

  IWM Docs, Papers of G. B. Stoney: H. E. Tizard, typescript account, p. 12.

  45.

  A. Rahman, quoted in K. Fewster, V. Basarin & H. H. Basarin, Gallipoli: The Turkish Story (New South Wales: Allen & Unwin, 2003), p. 75.

  46.

  IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 5.

  47.

  G. Davidson, The Incomparable 29th and the River Clyde (Aberdeen: James Gordon Bisset, 1920), pp. 53–4.

  48.

  IWM Docs, E. Unwin Collection: J. C. Wedgwood, typescript letter, 24/4/1915–26/4/1918.

  49.

  IWM Docs: G. L. Drewry, manuscript letter, 12/5/1915.

  50.

  IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 6.

  51.

  IWM Docs: W. L. Williams, manuscript copy of letter, 22/5/1915.

  52.

  G. Nightingale, quoted by C. H. Dudley-Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, Vol. 4 (London: Forster, Groom & Co., 1929), p. 15.

  53.

  G. Nightingale, quoted by C. H. Dudley-Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, Vol. 4 (London: Forster, Groom & Co., 1929), p. 15.

  54.

  IWM Docs: R. B. Gillett, typescript account, pp. 38–9.

  55.

  IWM Docs: R. B. Gillett, typescript account, pp. 38 & 40.

  56.

  G. Davidson, The Incomparable 29th and the River Clyde (Aberdeen: James Gordon Bisset, 1920), p. 46.

  57.

  G. Nightingale, quoted by C. H. Dudley-Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, Vol. 4 (London: Forster, Groom & Co., 1929), p. 16.

  58.

  G. Nightingale, quoted by C. H. Dudley-Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, Vol. 4 (London: Forster, Groom & Co., 1929), pp. 16–17.

  59.

  W. Cosgrove, quoted by S. Snelling, VCs of the First World War: Gallipoli (Stroud: Sutton, 1995), pp. 82–3.

  60.

  IWM Docs: G. Stoney, manuscript letter, 10/5/1915.

  61.

  IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 9.

  62.

  IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 9.

  63.

  G. Nightingale, quoted by C. H. Dudley-Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, Vol. 4 (London: Forster, Groom & Co., 1929), p. 17.

  64.

  IWM Sound: W. Flynn, SR 4103.

  65.

  IWM Docs: W. L. Williams, manuscript copy of letter, 22/5/1915.

  8. 25 April: Kum Kale and Diversions

  1.

  O. L. von Sanders, Five Years in Turkey (Nashville, Tennessee: The Battery Press, 2000), p. 63.

  2.

  J. Vassal, Uncensored Letters from the Dardanelles (London: William Heinemann, 1916), pp. 49–50.

  3.

  J. Vassal, Uncensored Letters from the Dardanelles (London: William Heinemann, 1916), pp. 56–7.

  4.

  Colonel Ruef, quoted by C. F. Aspinall-Oglander, Military Operations Gallipoli, Vol. I (London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1932), p. 261.

  5.

  Brotherton Special Collections Library, Leeds University, Liddle Collection: M. Gondard, typescript transcript of interview, pp. 5–6.

  6.

  R. Weil, quoted in Association des Dardanelles, Dardanelles Orient Levant, 1915–1921 (Paris: L�
�Harmattan, 2005), p. 26.

  7.

  O. L. von Sanders, Five Years in Turkey (Nashville, Tennessee: The Battery Press, 2000), pp. 59 & 61.

  8.

  IWM Docs: C. Lister, typescript account, pp. 52–3.

  9.

  National Archives: B. Freyberg, report, WO95/4290.

  10.

  IWM Sound: J. Murray, AC 8201.

  11.

  National Archives: B. Freyberg, report, WO95/4290.

  12.

  IWM Docs: C. Lister, typescript account, pp. 52–3.

  13.

  O. L. von Sanders, Five Years in Turkey (Nashville, Tennessee: The Battery Press, 2000), pp. 59 & 61.

 

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