by Peter Hart
38.
S. Westmacott, quoted by D. Cameron, 25 April, 1915: The Day the Anzac Legend was Born (Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin, 2007), pp. 200–201.
39.
Brotherton Special Collections Library, Leeds University, Liddle Collection: E. W. Moorhead, typescript diary, 25/4/1915.
40.
R. O. Cowey, ‘Monash Valley’, Reveille, 1/4/1936, p. 40.
41.
J. J. Talbot Hobbs, ‘A Gunner’s Reflections: Gallipoli Campaign’, Reveille, 31/3/1932, p. 66.
42.
V. H. Williams, quoted by N. K. Harvey, From Anzac to the Hindenburg Line: The History of the 9th Battalion, AIF (London: Naval & Military Press, reprinted 2008), pp. 56–7.
43.
P. C. Fenwick, ‘Reminiscences of Anzac’, Reveille, 31/3/1932, p. 39.
44.
IWM Docs: E. B. Clark, transcript account, p. 2.
45.
IWM Sound: J. R. Ford, AC 8172, reel 2.
46.
Brotherton Special Collections Library, Leeds University, Liddle Collection: C. R. Duke, typescript account, p. 57.
47.
H. W. Murray, ‘The First Three Weeks on Gallipoli’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 60.
48.
W. G. Malone, edited by J. Crawford, No Better Death: The Great War Diaries and Letters of William G. Malone (Auckland: Reed Publishing Ltd, 2005), p. 163.
49.
W. Birdwood, Khaki and Gown: An Autobiography (London & Melbourne: Ward, Lock & Co. Ltd, 1941), p. 259.
50.
W. Birdwood, quoted by I. Hamilton, Gallipoli Diary, Vol. I (London: Edward Arnold: 1920), p. 143.
51.
C. F. Thursby, ‘Power of the Navy: Made Landing Possible’, Reveille, 31/3/1932, p. 54.
52.
I. Hamilton, Gallipoli Diary, Vol. I (London: Edward Arnold, 1920), p. 142.
53.
I. Hamilton, Gallipoli Diary, Vol. I (London: Edward Arnold, 1920), p. 144.
54.
IWM Printed Books: Atatürk Memoirs, KO3/1686, p. 10.
55.
IWM Docs, Rayfield Papers Collection: S. Aker, ‘The Dardanelles: The Ari Burnu Battles and 27 Regiment’.
56.
Later known as Fahrettin Altay.
57.
Brotherton Special Collections Library, Leeds University, Liddle Collection: F. Altay, manuscript translation of letter, 7/5/1915.
58.
H. W. Murray, ‘The First Three Weeks on Gallipoli’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 60.
59.
H. W. Murray, ‘The First Three Weeks on Gallipoli’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 60.
60.
IWM Docs: D. Hearder, typescript account, ‘Landing of the 3rd Brigade’, pp. 14–15.
61.
IWM Docs: C. K. Bampton, manuscript diary, 26/4/1915.
62.
H. W. Murray, ‘The First Three Weeks on Gallipoli’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 60.
63.
R. G. Casey, ‘First Survey of Anzac Line’, Reveille, 1/4/1936, p. 6.
64.
F. C. James, ‘MacLaurin’s Ridge, April 26–27, 1915’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 38.
65.
J. Monash, quoted by F. M. Cutlack, War Letters of General Monash (Australia: Angus & Robertson Ltd, 1934), pp. 55–6.
66.
IWM Docs: W. Weaver, typescript copy of letter, c. 1915.
67.
IWM Docs: T. S. Louch, typescript account, p. 15.
68.
Norman Clayden, aged nineteen, was reported killed on 2 May 1915. There is no known grave for him but he is commemorated on the Lone Pine Memorial.
69.
IWM Docs: T. S. Louch, typescript account, pp. 15–16.
70.
H. W. Murray, ‘The First Three Weeks on Gallipoli’, Reveille, 1/4/1939, p. 61.
6. 25 April: Landings at Helles
1.
A. Hunter-Weston, quoted by S. Gillon, The Story of the 29th Division (London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1925), p. 17.
2.
D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, pp. 17–18.
3.
D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 19.
4.
I. Hamilton, quoted by C. F. Aspinall-Oglander, Military Operations: Gallipoli, Vol. I (London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1929), p. 204.
5.
A. J. Welch, quoted by S. Gillon, The K.O.S.B. in the Great War (London: Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd, 1930), p. 136.
6.
D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 21.
7.
J. Vickers, quoted by S. M. Holloway, From Trench and Turret: Royal Marines Letters and Diaries, 1914–1918 (Portsmouth: Royal Marines Museum), p. 40.
8.
D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 22.
9.
D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 23.
10.
D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 23.
11.
D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 1, p. 24 and Book 2, p. 1.
12.
D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 2, pp. 1–2.
13.
J. Vickers, quoted by S. M. Holloway, From Trench and Turret: Royal Marines Letters and Diaries, 1914–1918 (Portsmouth: Royal Marines Museum), p. 47.
14.
D. Joiner, ‘Y Beach: Memoirs of Soldiering’, Book 2, p. 2.
15.
W. Marshall, Memories of Four Fronts (London: Ernest Benn Ltd, 1929), p. 58.
16.
A. P. Davidson, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), p. 99.
17.
IWM Docs: J. A. Godwyn, typescript memoir, ‘My Experiences in the Turkish War on the Gallipoli Peninsula’.
18.
IWM Docs: S. W. Hare, typescript diary, 25/4/1915.
19.
IWM Docs: H. R. Tate, manuscript diary, 25/4/1915.
20.
Leading Seaman Gilligan, letter to the Bury Guardian, 16/6/1916.
21.
H. R. Clayton, quoted by O. Creighton, With the Twenty-ninth Division in Gallipoli (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1916), pp. 59–60.
22.
H. Shaw, quoted by O. Creighton, With the Twenty-ninth Division in Gallipoli (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1916), p. 62.
23.
IWM Docs: R. Willis, manuscript letter, 10/5/1915.
24.
G. S. Adams, quoted by O. Creighton, With the Twenty-ninth Division in Gallipoli (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1916), p. 58.
25.
H. R. Clayton, quoted by O. Creighton, With the Twenty-ninth Division in Gallipoli (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1916), pp. 59–60.
26.
H. Shaw, quoted by O. Creighton, With the Twenty-ninth Division in Gallipoli (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1916), p. 62.
27.
IWM Docs: S. W. Hare, typescript diary, 25/4/1915.
28.
IWM Docs: S. W. Hare, typescript diary, 25/4/1915.
29.
IWM Docs: S. W. Hare, typescript diary, 25/4/1915.
30.
IWM Docs: H. R. Tate, manuscript diary, 25/4/1915.
7. 25 April: Drama at V Beach
1.
IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 3.
2.
IWM Docs: H. W. Williams, typescript account, ‘Fat’s War’, pp. 70–71.
3.
IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 2.
4.
IWM Docs, Papers of G. B. Stoney: H. E. Tizard, typescript account, p. 6.
5.
IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript
account, ‘River Clyde’, pp. 4–5.
6.
National Army Museum: D. French, manuscript letter, ref. 72558.
7.
M. C. H. Lloyd, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), pp. 106–7.
8.
C. W. Maffett, quoted by H. C. Wylly, Neill’s ‘Blue Caps’ (County Cork: Schull Books, 1996), p. 30.
9.
National Army Museum: D. French, manuscript letter, ref. 72559.
10.
National Army Museum: D. French, manuscript letter, ref. 72560–72561.
11.
C. W. Maffett, quoted by H. C. Wylly, Neill’s ‘Blue Caps’ (County Cork: Schull Books, 1996), pp. 30–31.
12.
R. Martin, letter, 26/5/1915, http://corcaigh3.googlepages.com/Sedd el Bahr.
13.
IWM Docs: E. E. Rickus, manuscript letter, 7/5/1915.
14.
H. M. S. Forbes, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), pp. 110–11.
15.
IWM Docs: G. L. Drewry, manuscript letter, 12/5/1915.
16.
IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, pp. 5–6.
17.
R. Lane, quoted by S. McCance, History of the Royal Munster Fusiliers, Vol. II (Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1927), p. 49.
18.
R. Lane, quoted by S. McCance, History of the Royal Munster Fusiliers, Vol. II (Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1927), p. 49.
19.
IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, p. 6.
20.
IWM Docs: G. L. Drewry, manuscript letter, 12/5/1915.
21.
National Archives: G. Geddes, report, Royal Munsters Fusiliers War Diary, WO95/4310.
22.
National Archives: G. Geddes, report, Royal Munsters Fusiliers War Diary, WO95/4310.
23.
IWM Sound: W. Flynn, SR 4103.
24.
IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, p. 6.
25.
IWM Docs: G. L. Drewry, manuscript letter, 12/5/1915.
26.
M. C. H. Lloyd, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), pp. 107–8.
27.
IWM Docs, papers of G. B. Stoney: H. E. Tizard, typescript account, pp. 8 & 9.
28.
IWM Docs: G. Keen, manuscript letter, misc. 37, item 682.
29.
Quoted by C. F. Aspinall-Oglander, Military Operations: Gallipoli, Vol. I (London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1929), p. 240.
30.
C. Jeffries, ‘Landing on the 25th’, The Gallipolian, no. 36, p. 23.
31.
IWM Docs: G. Keen, manuscript letter, misc. 37, item 682.
32.
M. C. H. Lloyd, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), p. 108.
33.
Lieutenant Reginald Corbet.
34.
C. W. Maffett, quoted by H. C. Wylly, Neill’s ‘Blue Caps’ (County Cork: Schull Books, 1996), p. 31.
35.
D. J. Moriarty, http://ww1.osborn.ws/.
36.
IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, p. 8.
37.
IWM Docs, E. Unwin Collection: J. C. Wedgwood, typescript letter, 24/4/1915–26/4/1918.
38.
J. Parkinson, quoted by S. Snelling, VCs of the First World War: Gallipoli (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1995), p. 41.
39.
Able Seaman Ernest Grose.
40.
H. M. S. Forbes, quoted by A. T. Stewart & C. J. E. Pershall, The Immortal Gamble (London: A & C Black Ltd, 1917), pp. 112–13.
41.
IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, p. 7.
42.
IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, p. 7.
43.
IWM Docs: E. Unwin, typescript account, ‘The Landing from the River Clyde’, pp. 8 & 10.
44.
IWM Docs, Papers of G. B. Stoney: H. E. Tizard, typescript account, p. 12.
45.
A. Rahman, quoted in K. Fewster, V. Basarin & H. H. Basarin, Gallipoli: The Turkish Story (New South Wales: Allen & Unwin, 2003), p. 75.
46.
IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 5.
47.
G. Davidson, The Incomparable 29th and the River Clyde (Aberdeen: James Gordon Bisset, 1920), pp. 53–4.
48.
IWM Docs, E. Unwin Collection: J. C. Wedgwood, typescript letter, 24/4/1915–26/4/1918.
49.
IWM Docs: G. L. Drewry, manuscript letter, 12/5/1915.
50.
IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 6.
51.
IWM Docs: W. L. Williams, manuscript copy of letter, 22/5/1915.
52.
G. Nightingale, quoted by C. H. Dudley-Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, Vol. 4 (London: Forster, Groom & Co., 1929), p. 15.
53.
G. Nightingale, quoted by C. H. Dudley-Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, Vol. 4 (London: Forster, Groom & Co., 1929), p. 15.
54.
IWM Docs: R. B. Gillett, typescript account, pp. 38–9.
55.
IWM Docs: R. B. Gillett, typescript account, pp. 38 & 40.
56.
G. Davidson, The Incomparable 29th and the River Clyde (Aberdeen: James Gordon Bisset, 1920), p. 46.
57.
G. Nightingale, quoted by C. H. Dudley-Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, Vol. 4 (London: Forster, Groom & Co., 1929), p. 16.
58.
G. Nightingale, quoted by C. H. Dudley-Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, Vol. 4 (London: Forster, Groom & Co., 1929), pp. 16–17.
59.
W. Cosgrove, quoted by S. Snelling, VCs of the First World War: Gallipoli (Stroud: Sutton, 1995), pp. 82–3.
60.
IWM Docs: G. Stoney, manuscript letter, 10/5/1915.
61.
IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 9.
62.
IWM Library, Special Collection: Major Mahmut, ‘Memoirs of the Battalion Commander Who Opposed the First Landings at Seddulbahr’, p. 9.
63.
G. Nightingale, quoted by C. H. Dudley-Ward, Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, Vol. 4 (London: Forster, Groom & Co., 1929), p. 17.
64.
IWM Sound: W. Flynn, SR 4103.
65.
IWM Docs: W. L. Williams, manuscript copy of letter, 22/5/1915.
8. 25 April: Kum Kale and Diversions
1.
O. L. von Sanders, Five Years in Turkey (Nashville, Tennessee: The Battery Press, 2000), p. 63.
2.
J. Vassal, Uncensored Letters from the Dardanelles (London: William Heinemann, 1916), pp. 49–50.
3.
J. Vassal, Uncensored Letters from the Dardanelles (London: William Heinemann, 1916), pp. 56–7.
4.
Colonel Ruef, quoted by C. F. Aspinall-Oglander, Military Operations Gallipoli, Vol. I (London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1932), p. 261.
5.
Brotherton Special Collections Library, Leeds University, Liddle Collection: M. Gondard, typescript transcript of interview, pp. 5–6.
6.
R. Weil, quoted in Association des Dardanelles, Dardanelles Orient Levant, 1915–1921 (Paris: L�
�Harmattan, 2005), p. 26.
7.
O. L. von Sanders, Five Years in Turkey (Nashville, Tennessee: The Battery Press, 2000), pp. 59 & 61.
8.
IWM Docs: C. Lister, typescript account, pp. 52–3.
9.
National Archives: B. Freyberg, report, WO95/4290.
10.
IWM Sound: J. Murray, AC 8201.
11.
National Archives: B. Freyberg, report, WO95/4290.
12.
IWM Docs: C. Lister, typescript account, pp. 52–3.
13.
O. L. von Sanders, Five Years in Turkey (Nashville, Tennessee: The Battery Press, 2000), pp. 59 & 61.