Nom de Plume
Page 34
1903
George Orwell born
1903
Henry Green born
1905
Pauline Réage born
1907
1910
Mark Twain dies
1916
O. Henry dies
Romain Gary born
1914
Alice Sheldon born
1915
Patricia Highsmith born
1921
Sylvia Plath born
1932
1935
Fernando Pessoa dies
1950
George Orwell dies
1962
Isak Dinesen dies
1963
Sylvia Plath dies
1973
Henry Green dies
1980
Romain Gary dies
1987
Alice Sheldon dies
1989
Georges Simenon dies
1995
Patricia Highsmith dies
1998
Pauline Réage dies
Bibliography
The sources below were invaluable to me in researching and writing this book. Dates refer to the editions used, rather than the date of first publication. My supplemental research sources—hundreds of archival magazine, journal, and newspaper articles—are far too extensive to be cited in full here. Any source errors or omissions are wholly unintentional and will be corrected in future editions.
Anne, Charlotte, and Emily Brontë & Acton, Currer, and Ellis Bell
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës: A Life in Letters. New York: Viking, 1997.
Bentley, Phyllis. The Brontës. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997.
Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. New York: Penguin, 2003.
———. Villette. New York: Penguin, 2004.
Brontë, Emily Jane. The Complete Poems. New York: Penguin, 1992.
Fraser, Rebecca. Charlotte Brontë: A Writer’s Life. New York: Pegasus, 2008.
Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Life of Charlotte Brontë. New York: Penguin, 1997.
Gordon, Lyndall. Charlotte Brontë: A Passionate Life. New York: Norton, 1994.
Miller, Lucasta. The Brontë Myth. New York: Knopf, 2003.
George Sand & Aurore Dupin
Jack, Belinda. George Sand: A Woman’s Life Writ Large. New York: Vintage, 2001.
Maurois, André. Lélia: The Life of George Sand, trans. Gerard Hopkins. New York: Harper, 1954.
Sand, George. Lucrezia Floriani. Chicago: Academy Chicago, 1985.
———. Marianne. New York: Carroll and Graf, 1998.
———. Story of My Life: The Autobiography of George Sand, ed. Thelma Jurgrau. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.
George Eliot & Marian Evans
Booth, Alison. Greatness Engendered: George Eliot and Virginia Woolf. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992.
Eliot, George. Brother Jacob. London: Virago, 1989.
———. Daniel Deronda. New York: Penguin, 1986.
———. The Lifted Veil. London: Virago, 1985.
———. Middlemarch. New York: Modern Library, 2000.
———. The Mill on the Floss. New York: Penguin, 1985.
———. Scenes of Clerical Life. New York: Penguin, 1998.
———. Silas Marner. New York: Penguin, 1996.
Hanson, Lawrence, and Elisabeth Hanson. Marian Evans and George Eliot: A Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1952.
Hughes, Kathryn. George Eliot: The Last Victorian. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999.
Maddox, Brenda. George Eliot in Love. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
Lewis Carroll & Charles Dodgson
Bassett, Lisa. Very Truly Yours, Charles L. Dodgson, Alias Lewis Carroll. New York: Lothrop, Lee and Shepard, 1987.
Carroll, Lewis. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. New York: Bloomsbury, 2001.
———. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. New York: Puffin, 1962.
Cohen, Morton N. Lewis Carroll: A Biography. New York: Vintage, 1995.
Wilson, Robin. Lewis Carroll in Numberland: His Fantastical Mathematical Logical Life. New York: Norton, 2008.
Woolf, Jenny. The Mystery of Lewis Carroll: Discovering the Whimsical, Thoughtful, and Sometimes Lonely Man Who Created Alice in Wonderland. New York: St. Martin’s, 2010.
Mark Twain & Samuel Clemens
Fishkin, Shelley Fisher, ed. The Mark Twain Anthology: Great Writers on His Life and Works. New York: Library of America, 2010.
Grant, Douglas. Mark Twain. New York: Grove, 1962.
Kaplan, Justin. Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966.
Neider, Charles, ed. Life As I Find It: A Treasury of Mark Twain Rarities. New York: Cooper Square, 2000.
Powers, Ron. Mark Twain: A Life. New York: Free Press, 2005.
Quirk, Thomas, ed. The Portable Mark Twain. New York: Penguin, 2004.
Trombley, Laura. Mark Twain’s Other Woman: The Hidden Story of His Final Years. New York: Knopf, 2010.
Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Norton Critical Edition, ed. Sculley Bradley et al. New York: Norton, 1977.
———. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. New York, Penguin, 1986.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Dayton Duncan. Mark Twain: An Illustrated Biography. New York: Knopf, 2001.
O. Henry & William Sydney Porter
Henry, O. The Complete Works. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
Langford, Gerald. Alias O. Henry. New York: Macmillan, 1957.
O’Connor, Richard. O. Henry: The Legendary Life of William S. Porter. New York: Doubleday, 1970.
Smith, C. Alphonso. O. Henry, Biography. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1916.
Stuart, David. O. Henry: A Biography of William Sydney Porter. Chelsea, MI: Scarborough House, 1990.
Fernando Pessoa & His Heteronyms
Borges, Jorge Luis. On Writing. New York: Penguin, 2010.
Monteiro, George, ed. The Man Who Never Was: Essays on Fernando Pessoa. Providence, RI: Gávea-Brown, 1981.
———, ed. The Presence of Pessoa: English, American, and Southern African Literary Responses. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1998.
Pessoa, Fernando. Always Astonished: Selected Prose, ed. and trans. Edwin Honig. San Francisco: City Lights, 1988.
———. The Book of Disquiet: A Selection, trans. Iain Watson. London: Quartet, 1991.
———. The Book of Disquiet, ed. and trans. Richard Zenith. New York: Penguin, 2003.
———. The Education of the Stoic: The Only Manuscript of the Baron of Teive, ed. and trans. Richard Zenith. Cambridge: Exact Change, 2005.
———. Fernando Pessoa: A Centenary Pessoa, ed. Eugénio Lisboa and L. C. Taylor. Carcanet, 2003.
———. Fernando Pessoa & Co.: Selected Poems, ed. and trans. Richard Zenith. New York: Grove, 1998.
———. A Little Larger Than the Entire Universe: Selected
Poems, ed. and trans. Richard Zenith. New York: Penguin, 2006.
———. The Selected Prose of Fernando Pessoa, ed. and trans. Richard Zenith. New York: Grove, 2001.
George Orwell & Eric Blair
Bowker, Gordon. George Orwell. London: Abacus, 2003.
Crick, Bernard. George Orwell: A Life. New York: Penguin, 1982.
Crick, Bernard, and Audrey Coppard. Orwell Remembered. New York: Facts on File, 1984.
Davison, Peter. George Orwell: A Literary Life. London: Macmillan, 1998.
Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York: Plume, 2003.
———. Down and Out in Paris and London. New York: Harcourt, 1961.
———. Essays. New York: Everyman’s Library, 2002.
———. Facing Unpleasant Facts: Narrative Essays, ed. George Packer. New York: Mariner, 2009.
———. Why I Write. New York: Penguin, 2004.
Isak Dinesen & Karen Blixen
Dinesen, Isak. Anecdotes of Destiny and Ehrengard. New York: Vintage, 1993.
———. Last Tales. New York: Vintage, 1991.
———. Letters from Africa 1914–1931, ed. Frans Lasson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
———. Out of Africa and Shadows on the Grass. New York: Vintage, 1989.
———. Seven Gothic Tales. New York: Modern Library, 1934.
———. Winter’s Tales. New York: Vintage, 1993.
Henriksen, Aage. Isak Dinesen/Karen Blixen: The Work and the Life. New York: St. Martin’s, 1988.
Thurman, Judith. Isak Dinesen: The Life of a Storyteller. New York: St. Martin’s, 1982.
Sylvia Plath & Victoria Lucas
Kendall, Tim. Sylvia Plath: A Critical Study. London: Faber and Faber, 2001.
Plath, Sylvia. The Bell Jar. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.
———. The Bell Jar. New York: HarperPerennial, 1999.
———. Letters Home by Sylvia Plath: Correspondence 1950–1963, ed. Aurelia Schober Plath. New York: Harper and Row, 1975.
———. The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath, ed. Karen V. Kukil. New York: Anchor, 2000.
Rose, Jacqueline. The Haunting of Sylvia Plath. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991.
Stevenson, Anne. Bitter Fame: A Life of Sylvia Plath. London: Viking, 1989.
Wagner, Erica. Ariel’s Gift. New York: Norton, 2001.
Henry Green & Henry Yorke
Green, Henry. Loving; Living; Party Going. New York: Penguin, 1993.
———. Nothing. New York: Dalkey Archive, 2000.
———. Nothing; Doting; Blindness. New York: Penguin, 1993.
———. Pack My Bag: A Self-Portrait. New York: New Directions, 2004.
———. Party Going. London: Vintage, 2000.
———. Surviving: The Uncollected Writings of Henry Green, ed. Matthew Yorke. New York: Viking, 1993.
Russell, John. Henry Green: Nine Novels and an Unpacked Bag. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1960.
Treglown, Jeremy. Romancing: The Life and Work of Henry Green. New York: Random House, 2001.
Romain Gary & Émile Ajar
Bellos, David. Romain Gary: A Tall Story. London: Harvill Secker, 2010.
Gary, Romain (Émile Ajar). Hocus Bogus, trans. David Bellos. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2010.
Gary, Romain. The Life Before Us (Madame Rosa), trans. Ralph Manheim. New York: New Directions, 1977, 1978.
———. Promise at Dawn: A Memoir, trans. John Markham Beach. New York: New Directions, 1961.
———. White Dog. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
Schoolcraft, Ralph. Romain Gary: The Man Who Sold His Shadow. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002.
James Tiptree, Jr. & Alice Sheldon
Phillips, Julie. James Tiptree, Jr.: The Double Life of Alice B. Sheldon. New York: St. Martin’s, 2006.
Tiptree, James, Jr., Meet Me at Infinity. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 2000.
Georges Simenon & Christian Brulls et al.
Assouline, Pierre. Simenon: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1997.
Carter, David. The Pocket Essential Georges Simenon. Chicago: Trafalgar Square, 2003.
Marnham, Patrick. The Man Who Wasn’t Maigret: A Portrait of Georges Simenon. Harvest, 1992.
Simenon, Georges. Pedigree. New York: New York Review Books, 2010.
Patricia Highsmith & Claire Morgan
Highsmith, Patricia. Carol. London: Bloomsbury, 1990.
———. The Selected Stories of Patricia Highsmith. New York: Norton, 2001.
———. Strangers on a Train. New York: Norton, 2001.
———. The Talented Mr. Ripley, Ripley Under Ground, Ripley’s Game. New York: Knopf/Everyman’s Library, 1999.
Meaker, Marijane. Highsmith: A Romance of the 1950s. San Francisco: Cleis, 2003.
Schenkar, Joan. The Talented Miss Highsmith: The Secret Life and Serious Art of Patricia Highsmith. New York: St. Martin’s, 2009.
Wilson, Andrew. Beautiful Shadow: A Life of Patricia Highsmith. London: Bloomsbury, 2003.
Pauline Réage & Dominique Aury
Deforges, Régine. Confessions of O: Conversations with Pauline Réage. New York: Viking, 1979.
Réage, Pauline. Return to the Château. New York: Ballantine, 1995.
———. Story of O. New York: Ballantine, 1973.
Sontag, Susan. Styles of Radical Will. New York: Picador, 2002.
Bond, Jenny, and Chris Sheedy. Who the Hell Is Pansy O’Hara?: The Fascinating Stories Behind 50 of the World’s Best-loved Books. New York: Penguin, 2008.
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Marías, Javier. Written Lives, trans. Margaret Jull Costa. New York: New Directions, 2007.
Motion, Andrew, ed. Interrupted Lives. London: National Portrait Gallery Publications, 2004.
Mullan, John. Anonymity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
Prose, Francine. The Lives of the Muses: Nine Women and the Artists They Inspired. New York: HarperCollins, 2002.
Rose, Phyllis. Parallel Lives: Five Victorian Marriages. New York: Vintage, 1983.
Schnakenberg, Robert. Secret Lives of Great Authors. Philadelphia: Quirk, 2008.
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Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. New York: Harcourt, 1989.
Epigraph
Who is it that can tell me who I am?
—KING LEAR
About the Author
CARMELA CIURARU is not a pseudonym. Her anthologies include First Loves: Poets Introduce the Essential Poems That Captivated and Inspired Them and Solitude Poems. She is a graduate of Columbia University’s School of Journalism and a member of the National Book Critics Circle. She has written for the Los Angeles Times, the San Francisco Chronicle, the Boston Globe, the Wall Street Journal, Newsday, Elle Decor, ARTNews, O, The Oprah Magazine, and other publications. She lives in Brooklyn.
www.carmelaciuraru.com
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Credits
Cover design by Jarrod Taylor
Copyright
NOM DE PLUME. Copyright © 2011 by Carmela Ciuraru. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have be
en granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
EPub Edition © JUNE 2011 ISBN: 9780062109569
FIRST EDITION
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ciuraru, Carmela.
Nom de plume: a (secret) history of pseudonyms / Carmela Ciuraru.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN: 978-0-06-173526-4
1. Anonyms and pseudonyms—History. I. Title.
Z1041.C55 2011
929.4—dc22
2010053603
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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