The Book Thieves

by Anders Rydell

  16.Ibid.

  17.Inez Hedges, Framing Faust: Twentieth-Century Cultural Struggles, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2009, p. 73.

  18.Wilson, “Goethe and the Nazis.”

  19.Jürgen Weber, “. . . because Herr Goldschmidt is a Jew of course.” Arsprototo, issue 1 (2013). http://www.kulturstiftung.de/category/arsprototo/jahrgang-2013/ausgabe-12013/].

  20.Ibid.

  21.Ibid.

  22.The Anna Amalia Library’s predecessor before the war was the Central Library of German Classical Literature.

  4: Himmler’s Library: Munich

  1.Hermann Kurzke, Thomas Mann: Life as a Work of Art: A Biography, Princeton University Press, 2001, p. 364.

  2.Chris McNab, The SS, 1923–1945: The Essential Facts and Figures for Himmler’s Stormtroopers, London: Amber Books, 2009, p. 18.

  3.Roderick Stackelberg, Hitler’s Germany: Origins, Interpretations, Legacies, London; New York: Routledge, 1999, p. 116.

  4.Werner Schroeder, “Bücherraub. Strukturen des Bücherraubs: Die Bibliotheken des Reichssicherheitshauptamtes (RSHA), ihr Aufbau und ihr Verbleib,” Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie vol. 51, 2004, pp. 316–324.

  5.Ibid. p. 316.

  6.Jan-Pieter Barbian, The Politics of Literature in Nazi Germany: Books in the Media Dictatorship, New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013, p. 112.

  7.Schroeder, “Bücherraub,” pp. 316–324.

  8.Michael Berenbaum, The World Must Know, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009, p. 49.

  9.Alan Confino, A World Without Jews: The Nazi Imagination from Persecution to Genocide, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014, pp. 115–117.

  10.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Restitution of Confiscated Art Works: Wish or Reality?” Proceedings of the International Academic Conference held in Liberec on October 24–26, 2007, Tilia, 2008, p. 131.

  11.Schroeder, “Bücherraub,” pp. 316–324.

  12.Grimsted, “Restitution of Confiscated Art Works: Wish or Reality?” p. 128.

  13.Ibid., p. 132.

  14.Ibid., p. 144.

  5: A Warrior Against Jerusalem: Chiemsee

  1.“Models for a Nazi party school on the Chiemsee and for buildings on the Adolf Hitler-Platz in Weimar,” c. 1939, Prints and Photographs Division, LOT 8613 (G) [P&P], Library of Congress, Washington, DC. https://www.loc.gov/item/2005683331/.

  2.Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, vol. 7, February 6, 1946. The Avalon Project.

  3.Ingemar Karlsson and Arne Ruth, Samhallet som teater, Stockholm: Liber, 1983, p. 82.

  4.Jan-Pieter Barbian, The Politics of Literature in Nazi Germany: Books in the Media Dictatorship, Bloomsbury Academic, 2013, p. 117.

  5.Joachim Fest, The Face of the Third Reich, New York: Pantheon Books, 1970, p. 163.

  6.Alfred Rosenberg, Pest in Russland, Munich: Franz Eher, 1938, p. 16.

  7.Robert Cecil, The Myth of the Master Race, London: B. T. Batsford, 1972, p. 17.

  8.Alfred Rosenberg, The Myth of the Twentieth Century, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011, p. 65.

  9.Karlsson and Ruth, Samhallet som teater, p. 90.

  10.Ibid., p. 93.

  11.Cecil, The Myth of the Master Race, p. 17.

  12.Ibid., pp. 20–24.

  13.Alfred Rosenberg, Dietrich Eckart: Ein Vermaechtnis, Munich: Franz Eher, 1928, p. 45.

  14.Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich, London: Orion Books, 1970, p. 96.

  15.Ernst Piper, Alfred Rosenberg: Hitlers Chefideologe, Munich: Karl Blessing Verlag, 2005.

  16.Volker Ullrich, Adolf Hitler: Die Jahres des Aufstiegs, Frankfurt: Fischer Verlag, 2013.

  17.Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf D. 1, En uppgorelse, trans. Anders Qviding, Stockholm: Hägglunds förlag, 2010, p. 322.

  18.Holocaust Encyclopedia, “Protocols of the Elders of Zion,” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2014, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php? ModuleId-10007058.

  19.Rosenberg, The Myth of the Twentieth Century, p. 66.

  20.Ibid., p. 201.

  21.Ibid., p. 15.

  22.Ibid., p. 381.

  23.Alfred Rosenberg, Gestaltung der Idee, Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1943, p. 53.

  24.Rosenberg, The Myth of the Twentieth Century, p. 4.

  25.Kristie Macrakis, Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany, Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 79.

  26.Philipp Lenard, “Great Men of Science,” p. 105, Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources, Basel: Birkhäuser, 1996.

  27.Macrakis, Surviving the Swastika, p. 75.

  28.Cecil, The Myth of the Master Race, p. 128.

  29.Ibid., p. 154.

  30.Franz Albert Heinen, The Ordensburg Vogelsang, Berlin: Christoph Links Verlag, 2014, p. 17.

  31.Frank H. W. Edler, “Alfred Baeumler on Hölderlin and the Greeks: Reflections on the Heidegger-Baeumler Relationship,” Janushead, vol. 1, no. 3, 1999, part 1.

  32.Ibid., vol. 2, no. 2, 1999, part 12.

  33.Simon Gerd, Chronologie Hohe Schule der NSDAP, Universität Tübingen, 2008.

  6: Consolation for the Tribulations of Israel: Amsterdam

  1.Jonathan Israel, Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2003, p. 324.

  2.Brian Pearce and A. D. Lublinskaya, French Absolutism: The Crucial Phase, 1620–1629, Cambridge University Press, 2008, p. 118.

  3.Harm Den Boer, “Amsterdam as Locus of Iberian Printing in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,” p. 87, in The Dutch Intersection: The Jews and the Netherlands in Modern History (ed. Yosef Kaplan), Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2008.

  4.K. Adri Offenberg (ed.), Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana: Treasures of Jewish Booklore, Amsterdam University Press, 2009, pp 4–20.

  5.J. Frits Hoogewoud, “An Introduction to H. de la Fontaine Verwey’s Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana During the German Occupation,” Omnia in Eo: Studies on Jewish Books and Libraries in Honor of Adri Offenberg Celebrating the 125th Anniversary of the Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana in Amsterdam, Leuven, Belgium: Peeters, 2006, p. 55.

  6.Jaap Kloosterman and Jan Lucassen, “Working for Labour: Three Quarters of a Century of Collecting at the IISH,” in Rebels with a Cause: Five Centuries of Social History Collected by International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam: Aksant, 2010, p. 17.

  7.Simon Gerd, Chronologie Hohe Schule der NSDAP, Universität Tübingen, 2008.

  8.Ibid.

  9.Michael Curtis, Verdict on Vichy: Power and Prejudice in the Vichy France Regime, New York: Arcade, 2003, p. 149.

  10.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder,” Amsterdam: IISH, 2011, p. 30.

  11.Kloosterman and Lucassen, Working for Labour: Three Quarters of a Century of Collecting at the IISH, p. 14.

  12.Matthew Battles, Library: An Unquiet History, New York; London: Norton, 2003, p. 64.

  13.Meyuhas Alisa Ginio, Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Mediterranean World After 1492, London; New York: Routledge, 1992, p. 8.

  14.Frits J. Hoogewoud, “The Looting of a Private and a Public Library of Judaica and Hebraica in Amsterdam During World War II. The Cases of Ets Haim/Livraria Montezinos and Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana,”in Jewish Studies in a New Europe, Copenhagen: C.A. Reitel A/S International Publishers, 1998, pp. 379–390.

  15.Ibid.

  16.Ibid.

  17.Alan E. Steinweis, Studying the Jew: Scholarly Antisemitism in Nazi Germany, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009, pp. 115–116.

  18.Frits J. Hoogewoud, Dutch Jewish Ex Libris Found Among Looted Books in the Offenbach Archival Depot (1946). Leiden
; Boston: Brill, 1998.

  19.Grimsted, “Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder,” p. 253.

  20.E. Leonidas Hill: “The Nazi Attack on ‘Un-German’ Literature, 1933–1945,” p. 30, in The Holocaust and the Book, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.

  21.Frits J. Hoogewoud, “Omnia in Eo: Studies on Jewish Books and Libraries in Honour of Adri Offenberg Celebrating the 125th Anniversary of the Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana in Amsterdam,” pp. 50–51.

  22.Holocaust Encyclopedia, “Westerbork,” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2014, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId-10005217.

  23.Hoogewoud, “Omnia in Eo,” p. 56.

  24.Levie Jehuda (Louis) Hirschel: www.dutchjewry.org.

  7: The Hunt for the Secrets of the Freemasons: The Hague

  1.Christopher Campbell Thomas, “Compass, Square and Swastika: Freemasonry in the Third Reich,” thesis, Texas A&M, 2011, p. 55.

  2.Paul M. Bessel, “Bigotry and the Murder of Freemasonry,” www.bessel.org/naziartI.htm.

  3.Holocaust Encyclopedia, “Freemasonry Under the Nazi Regime,” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2014, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article/php?ModuleId-10007187.

  4.Wendy Lower, Hitler’s Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013, p. 34.

  5.Jimmy Koppen, “The Conspiracy of Freemasons, Jews and Communists: An Analysis of the French and German Nationalist Discourse (1918–1940),” thesis, Free University, Brussels, 2009.

  6.Jimmy Koppen, “The Anti-Masonic Writings of General Erich Ludendorff,” thesis, Free University, Brussels, 2010.

  7.Ibid.

  8.Ibid.

  9.Ibid.

  10.Leo XIII, “The Letter ‘Humanum Genus’ of the Pope, Leo XIII, against Free-Masonry and the Spirit of the Age, April 20, 1884.” Trans. Albert Pike. Charleston: Grand Orient of Charleston, 1884.

  11.Holocaust Encyclopedia, “Freemasonry,” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2014, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId-10007186.

  12.Koppen, The Conspiracy of Freemasons, Jews and Communists.

  13.Alfred Rosenberg, The Myth of the Twentieth Century, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011, p. 116.

  14.Thomas, Compass, Square and Swastika, p. 134.

  15.Bessel, “Bigotry and the Murder of Freemasonry.”

  16.Thomas, Compass, Square and Swastika, p. 134.

  17.István Fodor, et al. (eds.), Spoils of War, No. 3. Bremeb: Koordinierungsstelle der Länder für die Rückführung von Kulturgütern beim Senator für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Kunst und Sport, No. 3, 1996.

  18.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder,” p. 27.

  19.Fodor et al., Spoils of War, p. 18.

  20.Cultural Masonic Centre Prins Fredrik: Archives, Library and Museum of the Grand East of the Netherlands, p. 6.

  21.Irvine Wiest, “Freemasonry and the Nuremberg Trials. A Study in Nazi Persecution.” Paper presented at at the Fifteenth Annual Consistory of the Society of Blue Friars, Washington, DC, February 1959.

  22.Ibid.

  23.Ibid.

  8: Lenin Worked Here: Paris

  1.Jean-Marc Dreyfus and Sarah Gensburger, Nazi Labour Camps in Paris: Austerlitz, Levitan, Bassano, July 1943–August 1944, New York: Berghahn Books, 2011, pp. 9–11.

  2.Ibid.

  3.Sem C. Sutter, “The Lost Jewish Libraries of Vilna and the Frankfurt Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage,” p. 221, in Lost Libraries (ed. James Raven). New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

  4.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “The Road to Minsk for Western ‘Trophy’ Books: Twice Plundered but Not Yet Home from the War,” Libraries & Culture, vol. 39, no. 4, 2004.

  5.Gilles Rozier, “The Bibliothèque Medem: Eighty Years Serving Yiddish Culture,” Judaica Librarianship, 2004, pp. 4–15.

  6.E. Leonidas Hill, “The Nazi Attack on ‘Un-German’ Literature, 1933–1945,” p. 31, The Holocaust and the Book (ed. Jonathan Rose), Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.

  7.Michael Curtis, Verdict on Vichy: Power and Prejudice in the Vichy France Regime, New York: Arcade, 2003, pp. 148–149.

  8.James Cowan, “Sebald’s Austerlitz and the Great Library,” in W. G. Sebald: Schreiben ex patria (ed. Gerhard Fischer), Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2009.

  9.Rebecca Knuth, Libricide: The Regime-Sponsored Destruction of Books and Libraries in the Twentieth Century, Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003, pp. 92–93.

  10.Sutter, “The Lost Jewish Libraries of Vilna and the Frankfurt Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage,” p. 222.

  11.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder,” Amsterdam: IISH, 2011, p. 30.

  12.John Glad, Conversations in Exile: Russian Writers Abroad, Durham, NC: Duke University Press Books, 1992, pp. 271–273.

  13.Robert Service, Lenin: A Biography, London: Pan, 2010, p. 189.

  14.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “The Odyssey of the Turgenev Library from Paris, 1940–2002. Books as Victims and Trophies of War,” Amsterdam: IISH, 2003, p. 24.

  15.Avraham Greenbaum, “Bibliographical Essay,” p. 381, in Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in Modern Russian History. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

  16.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “The Odyssey of the Petliura Library and the Records of the Ukrainian National Republic During World War II.” Text from Cultures and Nations of Central and Eastern Europe in Honor of Roman Szporluk (ed. Zvi Gitelman), Cambridge, MA: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 2000, pp. 181–208.

  17.Nina Berberova, “The Disappearance of the Turgenev Library,” trans. Patsy Southgate, Grand Street, no. 41, 1992, pp. 94–101.

  18.Ibid.

  19.Grimsted, “The Odyssey of the Turgenev Library from Paris, 1940–2002,” pp. 36–37.

  20.Hanna Laskarzewska, La Bibliothèque Polonaise de Paris: Les Peregrinations de Collections dans les Annees 1940–1992, Paris: Bibliothèque Polonaise, 2004.

  21.Sem C. Sutter, “Polish Books in Exile: Cultural Booty Across Two Continents, Through Two Wars,” pp. 144–145, The Holocaust and the Book (ed. Jonathan Rose), Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.

  22.Ibid., pp.144–147.

  23.Ibid., p. 148

  24.Laskarzewska, La Bibliotheque Polonaise de Paris.

  25.Ibid.

  26.Astrid Eckert, The Struggle for the Files: The Western Allies and the Return of German Archives After the Second World War, Cambridge University Press, pp. 99–100.

  27.Grimsted, “The Odyssey of the Petliura Library and the Records of the Ukrainian National Republic During World War II,” pp. 181–208.

  28.Grimsted, “The Odyssey of the Turgenev Library from Paris, 1940–2002,” pp. 38–34.

  9: The Lost Library: Rome

  1.Wayne A. Wiegand and Donald G. Davis Jr., Encyclopedia of Library History, New York: Routledge, 2015, p. 323.

  2.Male circumcision.

  3.Stanislao G. Pugliese, “The Book of the Roman Ghetto under the Nazi Occupation,” p. 52, The Holocaust and the Book (ed. Jonathan Rose), Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.

  4.Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, The Ten Lost Tribes: A World History, Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 17–18.

  5.Salah Asher, “A Matter of Quotation,” pp. 170–78, The Italia Judaica Jubilee Conference (eds. Shlomo Simonsohn, et al.), Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2012.

  6.Jacob D’Ancona, The City of Light, New York: Citadel, 2003, pp. 23–24.

  7.Matthew Fishburn, Burning Books, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, p. 4.

  8.Kenneth R. Stow, “The Burning of the Talmud in 1553, in the Light of Sixteenth Century Catholic Attitudes Toward t
he Talmud,” Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et Renaissance 34, 1972, pp. 435–439.

  9.David Berger, “Cum Nimis Absurdum and the Conversion of the Jews,” Jewish Quarterly Review, pp. 41–49. New Series 70, 1979.

  10.Kenneth R. Stow, Popes, Church, and Jews in the Middle Ages: Confrontation and Response, Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007, p. 51.

  11.Pugliese, “The Book of the Roman Ghetto Under the Nazi Occupation,” p. 51.

  12.Seth Jerchower, “Judeo-Italian.” The Jewish Language Research Website, Bar-Ilan University. http://www.jewish-languages.org/judes-italian.html.

  13.Pugliese, “The Book of the Roman Ghetto Under the Nazi Occupation,” p. 52.

  14.Robert Katz, Black Sabbath: A Journey Through a Crime Against Humanity, London: Arthur Barker, 1969, p. 120.

  15.Commission for recovery of the bibliographic patrimony of the Jewish Community of Rome stolen in 1943, Report on the Activities of the Commission for Recovery of the Bibliographic Patrimony of the Jewish Community of Rome Stolen in 1943. Translated by Lenore Rosenberg. Governo Italiano, 2009. p. 15. http://presidenza.governo.it/USRI/confessioni/doc/rapporto_finale_eng.pdf.

  16.Pugliese, “The Book of the Roman Ghetto Under the Nazi Occupation,” p. 48.

  17.Susan Zuccotti, The Italians and the Holocaust: Persecution, Rescue, and Survival, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987, p. 33.

  18.Michele Sarfatti and Anne C. Tedeschi, The Jews in Mussolini’s Italy: From Equality to Persecution, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006, p. 179.

  19.Ibid., pp. 186–187.

  20.Pugliese, “The Book of the Roman Ghetto Under the Nazi Occupation,” p. 52.

  21.Report on the Activities of the Commission for Recovery of the Bibliographic Patrimony of the Jewish Community of Rome Stolen in 1943, p. 30.

  22.Pugliese, “The Book of the Roman Ghetto Under the Nazi Occupation,” p. 52.

  23.Ibid., p. 52.

  24.Robert G. Weisbord and Wallace P. Sillanpoa, The Chief Rabbi, the Pope, and the Holocaust: An Era in Vatican-Jewish Relations, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2011, pp. 61–66.

  25.Joshua D. Zimmerman, Jews in Italy Under Fascist and Nazi Rule, 1922–1945, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 231.