A History of the Roman World
Page 73
Anxur, 87, 88, 192, 101
Aosta, 265
Aoüs, river, 228
Apamea, 243, 244; settlement of, 258, 259, 454 n.12
Apennine culture, 9–10, 33–4, 39, 397 n.6
Apennines, crossed by Hannibal, 188, 442 n.5
Apollo, of Veii, 28, 348; temple of, 335, 359
Apollonia, 173, 193, 223, 227, 238, 250
Appeal, right of, 64, 72, 79, 81, 111, 164, 291, 418 n.3, 420 n.20
Appian, 372
Aptera, 460 n.15
Apuani, 170, 265
Apulia, 7, 12, 16, 120–4, 126, 131, 187, 198–200, 397 n.3
Aqueducts, 110, 330
Aquileia, 265–6, 290
Aquilonia, 125
Ara Maxima, 20, 399 n.20
Aratus, 220
Archidamus of Sparta, 100, 126
Archimedes, 195–6, 444 n.17
Ardea, 34, 35, 36, 53, 56, 84, 87, 88, 94, 96, 103, 122, 135, 314, 349, 357, 366, 403 nn.43 & 44, 423 n.9, 429 n.5
Arevaci, 270, 271, 273
Arganthonius, 142
Argei, 40, 41, 404 n.3
Argos, 131, 229, 232, 261
Ariarathes of Cappadocia, 255
Aricia, battle of, 31, 84; league of, 35, 50, 55, 56, 68, 96, 102, 133, 357, 407 n.13, 423 n.9
Ariminum, 132, 170–2, 185–6, 207, 208, 264
Aristodemus of Cumae, 31, 68, 70, 403 n.40
Ariston, agent of Hannibal, 235
Armilustrium, 332
Army, primitive, 64–5, 412 nn.39–41; pay introduced, 91, 311; legion versus phalanx, 121, 128–9, 230, 253, 311; size of, in Hannibalic War, 183, 185, 198, 210, 211, 229; reformed by Scipio, 204, 312; imperial, 293; development of, 310–13, 461 n.4; allied troops, 311–12, 432 n.26; professionalism, 312
Arno, river, 186
Arpi, 187, 199
Arpinum, 123–4, 290
Arretium, 123, 125, 132, 186, 207, 208, 264, 317
Arruns, 31, 68
Arsia, river, 267
Art, 347–50, 464 n.8
Arval Brethren, 340, 356
Ascaris, Lake, 251
Asculum Picenum, 132
Asculum Satrianum, 129
Asellio, see Sempronius
Asia Minor, condition of, 221; Romans first enter, 242–3; Roman settlement of, 243–5; Roman relations with, 254–60; see also Bithynia, Cappadocia, Galatia, Pamphilia, Pergamum, Syria, etc.
Assisi, 187
Astapa, 205
Atestines, 15
Athamania, 226, 227, 228, 248
Athens, 174, 220, 222–5, 226–7, 237–8, 254, 258, 261, 295, 449 n.7
Atilius Regulus, C. (cos. 225), 171
Atilius Regulus, M. (cos. 256), 153–4, 437 n.15
Atilius Regulus, M. (cos. 227), 188
Attalus of Pergamum I, 193–4, 221–3, 225–6, 233
Attalus of Pergamum II, 255
Attalus of Pergamum III, 255
Attica, 223, 226
Auctoritas Patrum, 109, 112
Aufidena, 124
Augurs, college of, 59–60, 111, 354, 358
Aurunci, 17, 122, 427 n.27
Auser, river, 265
Ausones, 17
Ausonian culture, 11, 398 n.8
Auspices, 59, 62–3, 334, 358
Aventine, 38, 39, 41, 42, 50, 54, 56, 74, 76, 95, 331–2, 341, 357, 359, 462 n.19
Bacchanalian conspiracy, 291, 304, 323, 360, 367, 465 n.7
Baebius, M., 238–9
Baecula, battle of, 204, 445 n.2
Bagradas, 165–6
Balearic Islands, 206, 208
Ballad poetry, 340, 463 n.2
Banitza Pass, 227
Barca, house of, 145; see also Hasdrubal, Hannibal, etc.
Basilicas, 330; Aemilia, 333; Porcia, 333; Sempronia, 333
Bell Beaker folk, 6, 8, 397 n.5
Belli, 271
Bellona, 110, 334
Beneventum, 131, 132, 199, 265, 432 n.20
Bithynia, 221, 245, 255; see also Prusias and Nicomedes
Boeotia, 226, 229, 231, 238, 239, 251, 261
Boii, 93, 126, 169–71, 172, 183, 197, 208, 264, 303
Bola, 97
Bomilcar, 195, 196, 198
Bononia (Bologna, Felsina), 13, 32, 93, 99, 186, 264, 290
Bovianum, 100, 123, 124, 199, 430 n.7
Bovillae, 55
Brennus, leader of the Gauls, 93
Brescia, 171
Brittany, 19
British Isles, 433 n.2
Bronze Age, 6, 8–11, 33–4, 397 n.4
Brundisium, 131, 133, 158, 173, 237
Bruttium, 100, 126–7; revolts to Hannibal, 189, 197, 207, 208, 289
Brutus, see Junius
Burial, Neolithic, 7; ‘Apennine’, 8; Iron Age, 13–16; in Rome, 13, 14, 40–1, 47
Buxentum, 290
Byrsa Hill, 141, 281, 283
Caecilius Metellus, L. (cos. 284), 125
Caecilius Metellus, L. (cos. 251), 156, 437 n.17
Caecilius Metellus, Q. (cos. 206), 247, 248
Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus, Q. (cos. 143), 260–1, 273, 347
Caecilius Statius, poet, 345
Caelian Hill, 39, 332, 407 n.12
Caelius Vibenna, see Vibenna
Caere (Agylla), 20, 26, 27, 31, 36, 67, 89–90, 94, 97–8, 123, 143, 316, 317, 426 nn.20 & 22
Calabria, 16
Calatia, 121, 122, 123
Calendar, 47, 59, 63, 72, 111, 354, 367–9, 411 n.36, 465 n.2
Cales, 119, 198, 315, 317
Callaici, 272
Callicrates, 247, 254, 261, 455 n.1
Callicula, 187, 443 n.9
Callinicus, 251
Calpurnius Piso, L. (cos. 148), 281
Calpurnius Piso, L. (cos. 133), annalist, 370
Camarina, 153, 155
Camerinum, 123, 125, 429 n.6
Camillus, see Furius
Campania, 16, 17; Etruscans in, 30–2, 68; Sabines in, 99, 426 n.24; relations with Rome, 119–24; Hannibal in, 198–200
Campi Magni, battle of, 213, 312
Camps, Roman, in Spain, 271, 274, 457 n.10
Campus Martius, 110, 334, 358, 463 n.23
Cannae, battle of, 187, 188–9, 312, 360, 443 n.11
Canuleius, 81–2
Canusium, 122, 201, 217
Capena, 91, 409 n.24
Capitalism, 181, 287–9, 295, 309–10
Capitol, 40, 45–6, 51–3, 86, 94–5, 333–4, 463 n.22
Cappadocia, 221, 230, 241, 245, 250, 255
Capua, 14, 31, 32, 99, 103, 119, 120, 122, 129, 134, 189, 197, 199–201, 289–90, 315, 317, 318, 328, 349, 427 n.29, 445 n.18
Caravis, 270
Caria, 255
Carneades, Academic philosopher, 365
Carpetani, 177, 269, 270, 272
Carsioli, 123
Carteia, 268
Carthage, position in Mediterranean, 5; foundation of, 19–20, 141, 399 n.19, 433 n.1; site of, 141–2, 281; alliance with Etruscans, 31; defeats Pyrrhus’ fleet, 130; Empire in Africa, 141–4, 145; in Sardinia, 143, 166–7; in Spain, 142–3; in Sicily, 142, 143; constitution of, 144–5; nobility, 145; agriculture, 145; army, 146, 176, 441 n.1; navy, 146, 191, 193, 282, 436 n.12; civilization, 146–7; language, 147; Punic fleet at Tarentum, 147–8; revolt of mercenaries, 165–7; condition after Hannibalic War, 275–7; attacked by Masinissa, 277; surrenders to Rome, 278, 279–80; declares war, 280; siege of, 280–3; fall of, 283, 286, 294, 295; Trade, see Trade; Treaties with Rome, see Rome; Wars against Rome, see Rome and Punic Wars.
Carthago Nova (Mastia), founded, 177; captured by Scipio, 203–4, 211, 445 n.1; attacked by Mago, 206
Carthalo, Carthaginian commander, 156, 157
Carvilius, Sp. (cos. 293), 125, 334
Casilinum, 197, 198
Casinum, 200
Cassius Dio, historian, 371, 467
Cassius, Sp. (cos. 486), 76, 85, 97, 419 n.13, 423 n.3
Castax, 205
Castor and Pollux,
36, 44, 85, 332, 359; temple of, 335, 359, 422 n.2
Castra Cornelia, 210, 211, 213
Castrum Novum Etrurii, 133
Castulo, 204
Cato, see Porcius
Cauca, 271, 274
Caudine Forks, 121, 429 n.3
Caulonia, 22, 201
Celtiberians, 177, 211, 269–70
Celtiberian War, First, 270; Second, 270; Third (Numantine), 273–5
Celts, 17, 22–3, 32, 93–5, 98, 124, 169–71, 207–8, 230, 239, 263–5, 309, 400 n.25, 426 n.23, 456 n.1, 465 n.3; language, 17–18, 339
Cenomani, 93, 170, 171, 264
Censorship, origin and functions, 82, 114, 115–16, 422 n.22; held by a plebiean, 108–9; and equites, 288–9
Census, of Italy, 170
Centuripa, 162, 164
Cephallenia, 244
Cephisodorus, 223, 449 n.7
Ceres, 359, 419 n.11; temple of, 331, 348
Cerfennia, 123
Chaereas, 440 n.15
Chalcedon, 221
Chalcidice, 227
Chalcis, 220, 227, 229, 237–9
Chios, 222
Christianity, 323, 361, 365
Chronology, 377–8, 467
Cincinnatus, see Quinctius
Cincius Alimentus, L. (praetor, 209), annalist, 45, 346, 369, 377
Cineas, 116, 127, 129
Circeii, 21, 36, 56, 88, 92, 97, 135
Circus, Maximus, 39, 53, 331; Flaminius, 334, 463 n.23
Cirta, 212
Cisauna, 124
Cispius, 38–9, 41, 335
Cissa, 190
Citizenship, Roman conception of, 102–3, 109–10, 133–6; in the second century, 290–3; see Confederacy
Cius, 221
Civitates immunes, 162
Classes, 65–6, 168–9, 413 n.42
Clastidium, 172, 185, 264
Claudian gens, 59, 86, 301, 423 n.6
Claudius, Emperor, 29, 49, 349, 407 n.12
Claudius, C. (mil. tr., 264), 150
Claudius, Appius (Decemvir), 79–80
Claudius, Appius (cos. 307), 110, 111, 115, 125, 129, 289, 316, 330, 334, 347, 427 n.28, 428 n.9
Claudius Caudex, Appius (cos. 264), 150–2, 435 n.10, 436 n.11
Claudius Marcellus, M. (cos. 222), victory at Clastidium, 172, 342, 439 n.8; in Sicily, 195–6; in Italy, 198–9, 200, 206, 215, 326, 446 n.4
Claudius Marcellus, M. (cos. 196), 264
Claudius Marcellus, M. (cos. 166), 271
Claudius Nero, C. (cos. 207), 199, 200, 202, 206–7, 301
Claudius Pulcher, Appius, (cos. 212), 195, 199
Claudius Pulcher, Appius (cos. 185), 247, 248
Claudius Pulcher, C. (cos. 177), 267
Claudius Pulcher, P. (cos. 249), 157, 359
Claudius Quadrigarius, Q., annalist, 370, 467
Clausus, Appius, 86
Cleonymus of Sparta, 127
Client kings, see Antiochus, Demetrius, Eumenes, Hiero, Masinissa, Nabis, Perseus, Philip, Pinnes, Prusias, Ptolemy, Teuta, etc.
Clientes, 55, 57
Clivus, Capitolinus, 333, 334; Publicus, 331; Victoriae, 332
Cloaca Maxima, 40, 49, 50, 51, 331
Cloelia, 68, 414 n.46
Clupea, 154–5
Clusium, 26, 31, 68, 93–4, 171, 317
Coelius Antipater, annalist, 371
Coinage, Roman, 138, 318–19, 461 n.9; Punic, 146, 320; Spanish, 268, 320
Colaeus of Samos, 21, 143
Collatia, 55
Collegiality, 72, 78, 164, 299–300
Colline Gate, 97, 200, 335
Colonies, Latin, 87, 103, 132–3, 135–6, 422 n.1, 423 n.7, 432 n.24; in Hannibalic War, 200; in second century, 289–90; Signia, 87; Velitrae, 87; Norba, 87; Ardea (?’), 87; Circeii, 88; Sutrium, 91; Nepete, 91; Setia, 96; Satricum, 97; Cales, 119; Fregellae, 120; Luceria, 122; Suessa, 122; Aurunca, 122; Pontia, 122; Saticula, 122; Interamna, 122; Sora, 1123; Alba Fucens, 123; Carsioli, 123; Narnia, 124; Venusia, 124; Hadria, 125; Brundisium, 131, 158; Paestum, 131; Cosa, 132; Aesernia, 132; Ariminum, 132; Firmum, 132; Spoletium, 168; Cremona, 172, 183; Placentia, 172, 183; Bononia, 264; Luca, 265; Aquileia, 266; Copia, 289; Vibo, 289
Colonies, Overseas, Italica, 206, 268; Carteia, 268; Graccuris, 270; Corduba, 270
Colonies, Roman, 133; Ostia, 133, 316, 409 n.23; Antium, 103; Tarracina, 119; Minturnae, 124; Sinuessa, 124; Sena, 126; Alsium, 158; Fregenae, 158; Mutina, 264, 266; Volturnum, Liternum, Puteoli, Salernum, Buxentum, Pyrgi, Sipontum, Tempsa, Croton, 387; Parma, 264, 266; Luna, 265; Dertona, 266
Colophon Nova, 460 n.15
Comites, 164
Comitia Calata, 411, n.33
Comitia Centuriata, origin of, 66–7; functions of, 72, 73, 77, 79, 105, 108–9; reform of, 168, 289, 438 n.5; appoints magister equitum, 187
Comitia Curiata, 60, 61–2, 64, 66, 72, 73, 117, 411 n.33
Comitia Tributa, 72, 77, 116, 117, 169, 419 n.16
Comitium, 51, 52, 333, 335
Commerce, see Trade
Compitalia, 349, 353, 355
Compsa, 198
Comum, 264
Conciliabula, 134, 266
Concilium Plebis, 77–8, 115, 116–17
Concord, temple of, 108, 333–4
Confederacy, Roman, 102, 133–8; in second century, 289–92
Consular year, starts in March, 172; in January, 458 n.12
Consulship, origin of, 71, 414 n.49, 417 nn.1 & 2; function of, 71–2, 107–8; abolished, 82; restored, 107; open to plebeians, 107–8; exclusiveness, 298–300
Consus, 46
Contrebia, 270
Copia, 289, 290
Copper (Chalcolithic) Age, 6
Cora, 84, 85, 87, 96, 103
Corcyra, 173, 193
Corcyra Nigra, 173
Corduba, 270, 272
Corinth, 174, 220, 229, 232, 233, 238, 261–2, 272, 294, 295
Coriolanus, see Marcius
Corioli, 87
Cornelia, daughter of Scipio Africanus, 327
Cornelius Blasio, Cn. (cos. 270), 131
Cornelius Cethegus, C. (cos. 197), 264
Cornelius Cethegus, M. (cos. 204), 347
Cornelius Cossus, A. (cos. 428), 90, 97, 424 n.11
Cornelius Dolabella, P. (cos. 283), 126
Cornelius Lentulus, L. (cos. 237), 440 n.15
Cornelius Lentulus Lupus, L. (cos. 156), 267
Cornelius Nepos, writer, 372
Cornelius Scipio, Cn. (cos. 222), 172, 190–2, 198, 200
Cornelius Scipio, L. (cos. 259), 153, 155, 340
Cornelius Scipio Asina, Cn. (cos. 260), 153, 155
Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, L. (cos. 190), 205, 234, 240–3, 303–4, 454 n.9
Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, L. (cos. 298), 124, 340, 430 n.10, 464 n.10
Cornelius Scipio, P. (cos. 218), 182–5, 190–2, 443 nn.13 & 14
Cornelius Scipio, P., son of Africanus, 346
Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Minor, P. (cos. 147), 268; in Numantine War, 271, 274; in Africa, 277, 279, 282–3; and the Scipionic Circle, 326
Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major, P. (cos. 205), saves father’s life, 185; campaign in Spain, 202–6; plans African expedition, 208–9; in Sicily, 209–10; African campaign, 210–15; second consulship, 284; commissioner at Carthage, 235; in war against Antiochus, 240–2; Salian priest, 242; rejects Antiochus’ overtures, 242; attacked by Cato, 276, 294, 302, 460 n.17; visits to Delphi, Delos, and Aptera, 460 n.15; exile and death, 304; character, 202; Hellenic sympathies, 209, 210, 234, 246, 301–2, 326; imperial aims and foreign policy, 301–2; letter to Philip, 445 n.1; to Prusias, 454 n.10; to Heraclea, 301, 460 n.15; to Colophon, 460, n.15; military reforms, 204 (see also Army and Tactics); command of, 298–9; regal position of, 299, 301; individualism of, 329–30, 460 n.15; oratory of, 347; daughter and wife, 328; and Ennius, 343; houses of, 333; estate of, 334; arch of, 334
Cornelius Scipio Nasica, P. (cos. 191), 264, 269, 302–3, 360
Cornelius Scipio Nas
ica, P. (cos. 162), 252, 267, 277, 278, 304
Cornwall, 19
Corsica, Etruscans win, 31, 143; Rome reduces, 167, 426 n.20; organized as a Roman province, 153, 167; revolts, 267
Cortona, 123, 429 n.6
Coruncanius, T. (cos. 280), 110, 337
Corvus, 152, 154, 426 n.12
Corycus, Cape, battle off, 240
Cosa, 132
Cotys of Thrace, 250
Crates, Stoic philosopher, 365
Cremation, Terramara, 8; Villanovan, 13, 14; Iron Age, 12–15; in Latium, 13–14; at Rome, 39–40
Cremera, 70, 89–90, 424 n.10
Cremona, 172, 183, 264–5
Crete, 258
Critolaus, Achaean general, 261
Critolaus, Peripatetic philosopher, 365
Croton, 22, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 208
Cumae, 16, 20–1, 22, 31–2, 68, 70, 75, 90, 99, 103, 119, 120, 122, 134, 158, 197, 198, 314, 318, 359, 403 n.40, 414 n.48
Curiae, 61, 64–5, 77, 117, 411 n.33
Curia Hostilia, 47, 151, 333
Curius Dentatus, M’. (cos. 290), 109, 125, 126, 430 n.12
Cynoscephalae, battle of, 229–30, 452 n.18
Cyprus, 258–9
Cyrene, 259
Dalmatia, 173, 267, 457 n.7
Dardania, 226, 227–8
Daunians, 16
Debt, 75, 81, 105–6
Decemvirs, 71, 79–80, 420 n.18
Decima, Castel di, 34, 36, 403 n.44
Decius Mus, P. (cos. 340), 109, 430 n.11
Decius Mus, P. (cos. 312), 109, 111, 137, 124–5
Decius Mus, P. (cos. 279), 430 n.11
Delium, 238
Delminium, 267
Delos, 258, 277, 295, 301, 349
Delphi, 91, 244, 249, 301, 360, 424 n.12
Demaratus, 21, 49, 400 n.24
Demetrias (town in Greece), 220, 229, 235–8, 248
Demetrius II of Macedon, 173
Demetrius, son of Philip V, 249
Demetrius of Pharos, 173–5, 193, 220
Demetrius, son of Seleucus IV of Syria, 259–60, 455 n.2
Dertona, 266
Diaeus, 261
Diana, 35, 357; temple of, 50, 54, 331, 408 n.13
Dictatorship, origin of, 72–3, 415; in Latin towns, 415; held by a plebeian, 108, 112; non-military, 114; checked, 187; co-dictatorship, 188; falls into disuse, 299
Dido, 141, 286
Dimale, 175
Diodorus, 372, 377, 467
Diogenes, 365
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (historian), 371
Dionysius of Syracuse, 99–100, 195, 426 nn.20 & 25
Dionysus (Bacchus), 360
Dium, 251–2
Dolopia, 248, 249
Domitius Ahenobarbus, Cn. (cos. 192), 243, 264
Drepana, 153, 156–9