Drilo, river, 173
Drinus, river, 228
Duenos bowl, 340
Duilius, M. (trib. pl., 357), 106
Duilius, C. (cos. 260), 153, 325, 333, 463 n.23
Duoviri navales, 114, 122, 152
Ebro, river: treaty of, 177, 178–9; naval battle at, 191; Scipio’s victory at, 198, 443 n.12
Ebusus, 143
Ecnomus, battle of, 154, 437 n.14
Education, 323, 324–5, 327–8
Egerius, 84
Egypt, Roman friendship with, 131, 221, 224, 258–9; Roman embassy to, 222, 448 n.6
Elba, iron of, 20
Elea, 31
Elis, 193
Elpeus, river, 252
Emporia (N. Africa), 142, 214, 277
Emporiae (Spain), 177, 190, 268, 269
Enna, 153, 195
Ennius, Q., 328, 329, 335, 340, 347, 361, 372, 464 n.7
Ephesus, 235, 239
Epicureanism, 343, 365
Epicydes, 194–5
Epidamnus (Dyrrachium), 173
Epirus, 173–4, 226, 228, 254, 260, 456 n.8
Equites, 65–6, 82, 412 n.39, 459 n.1; growth of, 288–9; influence of, 295; in provinces, 295–6; see Trade
Eretria, 228
Eretum, 89
Eryx, Mt, 158
Esquiline, 38–41, 316, 335, 349
Este, see Atestines
Etruscans, on Villanovan sites, 13, 24; origin of, 23–6, 400 n.26; language, 24, 28–9, 339, 402 n.32; civilization, 26–30, 313–16, 347–9, 464 n.9; confederacies, 30–1, 32, 402 n.35; religion, 26–7, 28, 402 n.31; empire of, 30–7, 402 nn.37 & 41; decline of, 67–70, 74–5, 84, 87, 89–90, 95, 99; influence in Latium and Rome, 35–6, 48–56; effect on Roman religion, 358; wars with Rome, see Rome. See also 400 nn.26–41
Euboea, 232, 238, 239, 261
Eudamus, 241
Euhemerus, 343, 347, 361
Eumenes of Pergamum, 233, 235, 236, 238, 240–3; benefits from war with Antiochus, 244–5; claims Aenus, 248; complains of Perseus, 250, 455 n.4; negotiates with Perseus, 252, 255; discredited, 255
Euryalus, fort of, 195–6
Fabian gens, 70, 89, 301, 307, 424 n.10
Fabius Buteo, M. (cos. 245), 178
Fabius Maximus, Q. (cos. 213), 199
Fabius Maximus Cunctator, Q. (cos. 233), 187–9, 197–201, 202, 209–10, 215, 298, 301, 326, 347
Fabius Maximus Rullianus, Q. (cos. 322), 109, 111, 123, 124–5
Fabius Maximus Servilianus, Q. (cos. 141), 272
Fabius Pictor, Q., annalist, 149, 180, 346, 369–70, 372, 407 n.13, 422 n.1, 466
Fabius Vibulanus, M. (cos. 480), 89
Fabrateria, 119
Fabricius Luscinus, C. (cos. 282), 127, 129, 130
Faesulae, 26, 186
Fagutal, 38
Falerii (Falisci), 17, 55, 91, 97, 123, 125, 168, 283, 314, 316, 409 n.24, 425 n.13
Family, 56–7, 323–5, 326–7, 351–4, 462 n.14
Famine, at Rome, 75, 94, 419 n.11
Fanum, 207
Fasti, 357–9, 465 n.2
Faunus, temple of, 331
Federation, Roman, 102–4, 133–8; loyalty of, 122, 136, 143, 159, 168, 186, 189, 201
Felsina (Bologna), see Bononia
Ferentinum, 88, 92, 97, 123, 290
Feronia, see Lucus Feroniae
Fescennine verse, 340
Festivals, 329
Fetiales, 60, 224, 335, 355, 410 n.31
‘Fetters of Greece’, 220, 229, 231, 232
Fibula of Praeneste, 314, 339–40
Ficana, 34, 55, 403 n.44
Ficorini cista, 316, 349
Fidenae, 48, 55, 89–91, 424 n.11
Finance of Roman Treasury, 319–21, 461 n.10
Firmum, 132, 135
Flamen Dialis, 352, 355
Flamininus, see Quinctius
Flaminius, C. (cos. 223), 439 n.6; and reform of Comitia Centuriata, 438 n.5; and ager Gallicus, 169; supports Lex Claudia, 169; attacks Insubres, 171–2; and agrarian party, 181; defeated at Trasimene, 185–8, 442 n.6; tradition biased against, 297
Flaminius, C. (cos. 187), 264
Flavius, Cn. (aedile, 304), 111, 333, 337
Foedus Cassianum, 85, 367
Fora, 266, 291, 317
Fordicidia, 61
Formiae, 103, 119, 290
Fornacalia, 61
Fortuna, temple of, 52, 331, 462 n.18; at Praeneste, 357
Forum, Boarium, 20, 39, 40, 52, 331–3, 462 n.18; Romanum, 51–2, 329, 330, 332–3, 335; Holitorium, 335, 463 n.23
Fossa Grave culture, 16, 34, 40
Fossa Regia, 458 n.17
Francois fresco, 49, 402 n.33, 407 n.12
Freedmen, 110–11, 289, 322–3, 459 n.2
Fregellae, 120, 121, 122
Fregenae, 158
Frentani, 18
Frusino, 119, 123
Fulvius Centumalus, Cn. (cos. 229), 173
Fulvius Flaccus, Cn. (cos. 210), 200–1
Fulvius Flaccus, Q. (cos. 237), 199, 298, 301
Fulvius Flaccus, Q. (cos. 179), 270, 313
Fulvius Maximus Centumalus, Cn. (cos. 298), 124, 430 n.10
Fulvius Nobilior, M. (cos. 189), 244, 247, 303, 343
Fulvius Nobilior, Q. (cos. 153), 271
Fundi, 103, 119, 134, 290
Furius Camillus, L. (cos. 338), 102
Furius Camillus, M. (dict., I. 396), 91, 94–5, 96–7, 102, 107–8, 311, 331, 334, 428 n.5
Furius Purpureo, L. (cos. 196), 264
Gabii, 50, 55, 56, 67, 103, 409 n.25
Gades, 19, 143, 176, 206, 268, 318, 399 n.19, 433 n.2
Gaesati, 170, 172
Galatia, 221, 241, 244–5
Galice, 272
Gallia Cisalpina, 3, 32, 93, 95, 124, 171–2, 231, 263–6
Games, see Ludi
Gaudo, 8
Gauls, see Celts
Gaurus, Mt, 427 n.28
Gavius Pontius, Samnite leader, 121
Gellius, Cn., annalist, 370
Gellius Egnatius, Samnite general, 124, 125
Genoa, 208, 264, 265
Gens, 57–9
Genthius of Illyria, 252
Genucius, L., 106, 108
Gerunium, 188
Gladiatorial games, 329, 349–50, 358
Goloseccans, 15
Gomphi, 228, 251
Gonni, 238
Gracchus, see Sempronius
Graccuris, 270
Gravisca, 21, 400 n.23
Great Plains, see Campi Magni
Greek influence, on Rome, 54, 74, 314, 325–30, 462 n.15; on Roman policy, see Philhellenism; on Roman law, 79–80, 336, 338; on Roman literature, 340–6; on Roman art, 347–50; on Roman religion, 357–65; opposition to, at Rome, 209, 301
Greek world, 219–21; Roman settlement of, 260–2; see Achaean League, Aetolian League, Macedon, Athens, Corinth, etc.
Greeks in Italy, 10–11, 19–23, 99–100, 120, 397 n.7, 399 n.18, 400 n.21; in Spain, 142–3
Group vote, 66, 77
Grumentum, 207, 446 n.5
Guilds, at Rome, 315
Hadria, 22, 125
Hadrumetum, 212, 213
Halaesa, 162
Halicyae, 162
Hallstatt, 22
Hamilcar, Carthaginian general in First Punic War, 153, 156
Hamilcar, Barca, in First Punic War, 158–60; in Truceless War, 165–6; in Spain, 176, 180
Hannibal, Carthaginian general in First Punic War, 151–2, 157
Hannibal the Rhodian, 157
Hannibal, Barca, swears hatred to Rome, 176; campaigns in Spain, 176–88, 201; supported by Carthaginian government, 198, 208, 214; plan of campaign, 183, 189; size of army, 183, 184, 441 n.1; crosses Rhône, 184, 441 n.2; crosses Alps, 184, 441 n.3; campaign in Italy, 184–90, 197–201, 206–9; alliance with Philip, 193, 444 n.15; marches on Rome, 200, 445 n.19; evacuates Italy, 209, 212; defeated at Zama, 212–13; causes of failure, 214–15; joins Antiochus, 234; supposed advice
to Antiochus, 235–6, 238, 454 n.5; defeated at sea, 241; extradition order for, 243; suffete, 275, 458 n.15; intrigues against, 276; exiled, 276; death of, 254
Hanno, Carthaginian commander in First Punic War, 150–1
Hanno, Carthaginian explorer, 143
Hanno, Carthaginian general in Spain, 190, 205
Hanno the Great, 158, 165–6, 176
Hanno, son of Bomilcar, 199
Hanno, son of Hasdrubal Gisgo, 210
Hasdrubal, Carthaginian commander in the First Punic War, 156
Hasdrubal, democratic leader and son-in-law of Hamilcar Barca, 176–7, 179
Hasdrubal, general in Third Punic War, 280–3
Hasdrubal, grandson of Masinissa, 280
Hasdrubal, son of Gisgo, 191, 203, 205, 211
Hasdrubal Barca, brother of Hannibal: in Spain, 190–2, 203–4; invades Italy, 205–8; killed at Metaurus, 208
Hasdrubal the Bald, 192, 198
Hatria (Adria), 100
Heirkte, Mt, 158, 437 n.18
Helice, 176
Hemeroscopium, 143, 177
Heraclea, in S. Italy, 128, 129, 130, 131, 198
Heraclea (-ad-Latmum), 301
Heraclea (-ad-Oetam), in Greece, 239
Heracleides of Pontus, 315
Heracleum, 251–2
Hercules, 358; altar of, 20, 331, 358, 399 n.20, 462 n.18
Herdonea, 199, 200
Herdonius Appius, 86, 406 n.10, 423 n.5
Hermaean Promontory, 155
Hernici, 17, 85, 87–8, 92, 95–7, 123, 423 n.4
Hestiaeotis, 248
Hiero I of Syracuse, 31, 90, 403 n.40
Hiero II, attacks Mamertines, 148; alliance with Carthage, 148, 150; with Rome, 151; loyal service to Rome, 157, 159, 194; Lex Hieronica, 162–5
Hieronymus of Syracuse, 194–5
Himera, Greek victory at (480), 31, 142; in Second Punic War, 196
Himilco, Carthaginian explorer, 143
Himilco, Carthaginian commander in Second Punic War, 195
Hippo Diarrhytus, 165–6
Hippo Regius, 142
Hippocrates, agent of Hannibal, 194–5
Hirpini, 18, 132
Historians, 346, 369–72
Homer, 20, 282, 400 n.22
Hoplites, 65, 412 n.40, 424 n.10
Horatii, 55
Horatius Cocles, 68, 414 n.46
Horatius Barbatus, M. (cos. 449), 81
Horatius Pulvillus, M. (cos. 509), 417 n.1
Hortensius, Q. (dictator, 287), 112
Hostilius Mancinus, A. (cos. 170), 251
Hostilius Mancinus, C. (cos. 137), 273–4, 429 n.4
Hostilius Mancinus, L. (cos. 148), 281
Human sacrifice, 147, 352, 358
Ibera, battle of, 191
Iberians, 273
Icilius, L. (trib. pleb., 456), 76
Iguvium, 356, 398 n.15, 465 n.5
Ilergetes, 269
Ilipa, battle of, 205, 269, 446 n.3, 457 n.10
Iliturgi, 191
Illyria, 12, 15–16, 18, 226, 439 n.10, 450 n.11; First Illyrian War, 173–4; Second, 174–5; Third, 252; settlement of, 254, 439 n.11; dialects of, 18
Ilorci, 192, 205
Imbrivium, 121
Imperialism and Roman foreign policy, 150, 173, 174–5, 179–81, 209, 223–5, 233–6, 240–1, 243–5, 246, 253–4, 260–2, 265–6, 278–80, 287, 292–6, 297, 302–3
Imperium, 62, 164, 203, 268, 291, 299, 418 n.4
Industry, Etruscan, 26–7, 308–9; at Rome, 313–17; Punic, 145, 146, 152
Ingauni, 265
Inscriptions, early Latin, 36, 44–5, 314, 316, 333, 339, 347, 366–7, 465 n.1
Insubres, 93, 170–2, 183, 264
Intercatia, 271
Interrex, 62
Intibili, 191
Iron Age, 11–16
Ischia, 11, 16, 20, 399 n.19
Issa, 173
Isthmian Games, 174, 231
Istria, reduced, 172; wars against, 266–7
Italic dialects, 17–18, 339, 398nn.14 & 17
Italica, 206, 268
Italy, subject to invasion, 3; physical features, 3–5; central position, 5; organization of, by Rome, see Confederacy; population of, 138, 170
Ius, civile, 336–8; gentium, 338–9; migrandi, 459 n.5; praetorium, 338; honorarium, 338
Jalon valley, 270, 271, 273
Janiculum, 38, 331
Janus, 41, 170, 318–19, 333, 335, 353, 355, 404 n.5
Jews, Roman treaty with, 259, 456 n.12
Judas Maccabaeus, 259
Jugurtha, 275
Junius Brutus, D. (cos. 325), 121
Junius Brutus, D. (cos. 138), 272
Junius Brutus, L. (cos. 509), 67–8, 348, 417 n.1
Junius Pera, M. (cos. 230), 197
Junius Pullus, L. (cos. 249), 157–8
Junius Silanus, M. (praetor, 212), 203, 205
Juno, 357–8; temples of, Lucina, 335; Moneta, 334, 367; Regina, 331, 424 n.12; Sospita, 335
Jupiter, 354, 357–8; Feretrius, 352, 408 n.18; Latiaris, 35; Optimus Maximus Capitolinus, 50, 52, 334, 358; Stator, 332
Kings, seven kings of Rome, 45–50; functions of, 62–3; abolition of, 71
Knights, see Equites
Labici, 87, 88
Lacinian Promontory, 126, 127
Lade, 222
Laelius, C. (cos. 190), 203, 211–12, 240, 303
Laelius Sapiens, C. (cos. 140), 282–3, 326
Lake-dwellers, see Palafitte and Terramara
Lamia, 237, 241, 248
Lampsacus, 233–4, 242
Land tenure, 75–6, 105–6
Lanuvium, 84, 96–7, 102, 133, 349
Laodicea, 259
Laos, 22
Lapis niger, 45, 51–2
Larcius, T., 73
Lares, 349–50, 353, 464 n.3; temple of, 332
Largo Argentina, 463 n.23
Larinum, 208
Larissa, 238, 251, 322
Lars Porsenna, see Porsenna
La Rustica, 34
La Tène, 23
Latial culture, 14, 33–4, 40, 403 n.43
Latin language, 17, 327–8, 339–40, 463 n.1
Latin League, 35, 50, 55, 73, 85; changed relations with Rome, 85, 92; treaty renewed, 97; dissolved, 102, 133
Latins, 97–8; early life of, 33–7, 403 n.45, 422 n.1; and foundation of Rome, 34; wars against Aequi and Volsci, 86–8; against Rome, see Rome; status after 338 BC, 102–4; in Rome, 110; in Pyrrhic War, 128–9; Latin allies, 134–5; in second century, 289–91; expelled from Rome, 291
Latium, geography of, 4, 33; early settlements in, 33–5, 403nn.42–6; Etruscans in, 35–7, 404 n.47; Sabines in, 40, 46–7, 57–8, 86, 406 n.10; federal movements in, 35, 85; trade in, 314
Lautulae, 122
Lavinia, 42
Lavinium, 33, 35–7, 42, 44, 84, 96, 403 n.44, 404 n.48, 405 n.8, 423 n.9
Law, 335–8, 463 n.25; in provinces, 162–3; in Italy, 291; see Twelve Tables and lex
Lectisternia, 359–60
Legati, 164
Legis actiones, 81, 111, 338
Lemnos, 24–5
Lemuria, 353
Leontini, 195
Lex, leges, regiae, 63, 412 n.37; Valeria, 71, 114; Icilia, 331; sacrata, 76; sacrata militaris, 108; Publilia, 77; Valerio-Horatian, 81, 420 n.20; Canuleia, 81–2, 421 n.20; Ovinia, 82, 111, 116; Licinian-Sextian, 106, 107–8, 428 n.1; Genuciae, 106, 108, 421 n.20; Poetelia, 107; Publiliae, 77, 108, 419 n.15; Ogulnia, 111, 368; Valeria, 111; Maenia, 112; Hortensia, 112, 297, 420 n.20; Hieronica, 162; Rupilia, 162; Claudia, 169, 287, 291; Porciae, 291, 459 n.6; Sempronia, 323; Calpurnia, 296; Aelia Fufia, 298, 459 n.11; Baebia, 299; Villia Annalis, 299; Voconia, 327; Furia Testamentaria, 327; Oppia, 328; Orchia, 328; Fannia, 328; Aebutia, 338
Libri lintei, 334, 367, 370, 419, n.12
Libyphoenicians, 142
Licinius Crassus, P. (cos. 205), 209
Licinius Crassus, P. (cos. 171), 250–1
Licinius Lucullus, L. (cos. 151), 271
Licinius Macer, C., annalist, 367, 370, 466
Licinius Stolo, C. (cos. 361), 107
Ligurians, cave dwellings of, 7; ethnic relations, 15, 93; wars with Rome, 170, 264–5
Lilybaeum, 153, 156–8, 163
Lingones, 93, 170
Lipari Islands, 7, 8, 10–11, 156
Liris, 102
Lissus, 174, 175, 193, 252
Liternum, 304
Litubio, 264
Livius Andronicus, poet, 325, 340, 341, 360, 464 n.5
Livius Drusus, C. (cos. 147), 282
Livius Salinator, C. (cos, 188), 240–1, 302–3
Livius Salinator, M. (cos. 219), 175, 206–8, 331, 341
Livy, 371–2, 467
Lixus, 19, 399 n.19
Locri, 22, 127, 129, 130–1, 198, 206, 208, 210, 432 n.21
Lomello, 185
Luca, 265, 457 n.4
Lucania, 17, 99–100, 120, 124–31, 189, 197, 199, 429 n.2
Luceria, 122, 124, 125, 126, 129, 187–8, 199
Lucilius, C., satirist, 326
Lucretia, 67
Lucumo, 29
Lucus Feroniae, 409 n.24, 445 n.19
Ludi, Apollinares, 360; Roman (Magni), 49, 53, 408 n.19; Megalenses, 328
Luna, 170, 265, 457 n.4
Luni, 11
Lupercal, 332; Lupercalia, 40, 352, 356
Lusitani, 269–72
Lusones, 270, 273
Lutatius Catulus, C. (cos. 242), 1159
Luxury, at Rome, 304, 328–9
Lycia, 255
Lycortas, father of Polybius, 247
Lydia, 23
Lyncestis, 227
Lysimacheia, 221, 242
Maccius Plautus, T., 317, 325, 328, 335, 344–6, 361
Macedon, 174–5; First Macedonian War, 193–4; causes of Second War, 223–6, 451 n.12; outbreak of Second War, 221–3; strategy of, 226–30; course of, 226–30; Third War, 250–4; divided into four republics, 253, 260; Andriscus restores monarchy, 260; defeated, 260; becomes Roman province, 260; see also Philip and Perseus
Macellum, 333
Maelius, Sp., 75, 419 n.12
Maenace, 143, 399 n.19, 433 n.1
Maenius, C. (cos. 338), 102, 330, 427 n.28
Magic, 351–2, 354
Magistracy, under kings, 54; and Imperium, 71–2; checks on, 72, 299; insignia of, 54, 78; division of, 82; nature of, 112–16; re-election to, 298–300; in second century, 299–300; exclusiveness of, 293–4; age limit, 299–300; and jurisdiction, 336–8; in Italian towns, 133–4; see also Consul, Praetor, etc.
Magna Graecia, 20
Magna Mater, 360; temple of, 332, 360
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