Romulea, 124
Romulus, 39, 42–4, 45–6, 332, 333, 372, 405 n.6
Rosetta stone, 234
Rostra, 330
Rufrium, 120
Rusellae, 126
Rutilius Rufus, P. (cos. 105), 275
Sabine women, 46
Sabines, supposed conquest of Rome, 40, 46, 57, 86, 406 n.10, 423 n.5; in fifth century, 85, 86; in Campania, 99–100; and Samnites, 430 n.10; receive half-citizenship, 125; full citizenship, 134, 168
Sacred Spring, see Ver sacrum
Safine dialect, 18, 339, 398 n.15
Saguntum, alliance with Rome, 176, 177–8, 440 n.17; stormed by Hannibal, 178, 440 n.14; as cause of Second Punic War, 178–80; in Second Punic War, 191–2, 202
Salamantica, 177
Salapia, 200
Salassi, 265
Salerno, 14, 398 n.12
Salii, 41, 47, 59, 242, 340, 355
Sallentini, 131
Saltus Castulonensis, 269
Saltus Manlianus, 270
Saltus Marcius, 265
Same, 244
Samnites, 427 n.26; ethnic relations, 18; League of, 100; alliance with Rome, 101; wars with Rome, see Rome; allied with Pyrrhus, 128–9; pacified by Rome, 132; revolt to Hannibal, 189
Samos, 221
Sapi, valley, 264
Sardinia, Carthaginian empire in, 31, 144; and Rome, 153, 164, 426 n.20; Punic mercenaries revolt in, 166–7; seized by Rome, 167, 438 n.3; conquered by Rome, 167–8; organized as a Roman province, 167–8; pacified, 167–8; in Hannibalic War, 189–90; revolts in, 267
Sarpedonium, Cape, 243
Sarsina, 132
Saticula, 122, 124, 429 n.5
Satire, 340, 344
Satricum, 34, 36, 88, 92, 97, 101, 403nn.43 & 44, 429 n.5
Saturn, temple of, 333
Saturnian verse, 340, 341, 342, 343, 463 n.3
Scerdilaidas, 173, 174–5
Scidros, 22
Scipio, see Cornelius Scipionic Circle, 326, 345, 365, 465 n.10
Scipios, tomb of, 335
Scodra (Scutari), 172, 252
Scotussa, 229
Segeda, 271
Segesta, 151, 153, 162, 164
Segobriga, 272
Segontia, 269
Segovia, 272
Seleucus IV of Syria, 259
Sempronius Asellio, P., annalist, 275
Sempronius Gracchus, C. (trib. pleb., 123), 275, 289, 327
Sempronius Gracchus, Ti. (cos. 238), 167, 462 n.19
Sempronius Gracchus, Ti. (cos. 215), 198–9, 462 n.19
Sempronius Gracchus, Ti. (cos. 177), 241, 260, 267, 270, 289, 303, 347
Sempronius Gracchus, Ti. (trib. pleb., 133), 274, 310, 327
Sempronius Longus, Ti. (cos. 218), 182, 185
Sempronius Sophus, P. (cos. 304), 123
Sempronius Tuditanus, C. (praetor, 197), 269
Sempronius Tuditanus, P. (cos. 204), 194
Sena, 126, 133
Senate, origin of, 57; in regal period, 47, 59, 62–4, 411 n.34; in early Republic, 72; control over legislation, 109; competence of, 113, 117–18, 297; clashes with People, 149, 171–2, 185, 222–3, 297; opposed by Flaminius, 169; rival families within, 209, 300–4; exclusiveness of, 294, 300–4; power of, in second century, 297–300
Senators, forbidden to trade, 169; to take state contracts, 169
Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus, 367
Senones, 93, 98, 125–6, 132
Sentinum, battle of, 125, 430 n.11
Septimontium, 41, 404 n.4
Serfdom, in Latium, 30, 58, 75, 309–10, 321–2
Sergius Fidenas, L. (cos. 437), 424 n.11
Servilian gens, 301
Servilius Ahala, C. (mag. equ. 439), 75, 419 n.12
Servilius Caepio, Q. (cos. 140), 272
Servilius Fidenas, Q. (dict. 438?), 90, 424 n.11
Servilius Geminus, Cn. (cos. 217), 185–6, 187–9
Servius Tullius, reign of, 45, 48, 49–50, 56, 407nn.12 & 13; reform of, 50, 64–7; wall of, 53, 95, 315, 331–2, 409 n.21, 426 n.18, 462 n.20; buildings ascribed to, 52, 53, 56, 331
Sesia, river, 265
Setia, 96–7, 103, 135, 427 n.30
Sexi, 19, 269, 399 n.19
Sextius, Sextinus, L. (first plebeian consul, 366), 106
Sibylline oracles, 21, 359–60
Sicca Veneria, 165
Sicily, early culture of, 10–11; Pyrrhus in, 130; Punic empire in, 142–4, 148; Roman determination to conquer, 152; in First Punic War, 148–59; Roman province of, 161–5; in Second Punic War, 194–6; wheat of, 295, 308, 460 n.3
Sicinius Dentatus, L., 79
Side, Hannibal defeated off, 241
Sidicini, 101, 119, 292
Siena, 401 n.29
Signia, 87, 92, 103
Silenus, Greek historian, 371
Silva Arsia, 68
Sinuessa, 124, 133
Siscia, river, 267
Slavery, 106–7, 261, 283, 308, 310, 321–3, 325, 327, 462 n.13
Smyrna, 233–4, 242
Socii navales, see allies
Solus, 156
Sophonisba, 210, 212, 446 n.9
Sora, 122–4, 427 n.27
Sostratus, 21
Sosylus, 440 n.15, 443 n.12
Spain, early civilization of, 399 n.19; empire of Tartessus, 19, 21, 142; Greeks in, 142–3; Carthaginian empire in, 143, 175–8, 180–1; importance in Second Punic War, 182–3, 189–90; Second Punic War in, 190–2, 202–6; Roman wars in, 267–75, 457nn.8–14; as Roman provinces, 267–8; effect of Roman wars in, 274–5
Sparta, 193, 220, 232, 246–8, 261
Spendius, leader of mercenaries, 165
Spes, temple of, 335
Spina, 32
Spoletium, 168
Spolia opima, 90, 172, 408 n.18
Spurinna, 29
Spurius Ligustinus, 312
Statielli, 265
Stoicism, 323, 338, 365
Subura, 333
Suessa, 102, 122, 317, 427 n.38
Suessula, 103, 119, 427 n.28
Suffete, 144–5, 275
Sulci, 153
Sulpicius Galba, P. (cos. 211), 193, 200, 222, 227–8
Sulpicius Galba, Ser. (cos. 144), 271–2
Sulpicius Paterculus, C. (cos. 258), 153
Sumptuary laws, 328
Sutrium, 91, 92, 96, 103, 123, 135, 425 n.14, 429 n.6
Sybaris, 22
Syphax, Numidian prince, 191, 198, 205, 210–12
Syracuse, 151, 157–8, 161, 195–6, 444 n.17; see also Agathocles and Hiero
Syria, 220–1, 242–3; see also Antiochus and Seleucus
Taboo, 351–2
Tactics, 311–12; at Heraclea, 128–9; Trebia, 185; Cannae, 188–9; Ibera, 191; of Hannibal, 196–7; Baecula, 204; Ilipa, 205; Metaurus, 207–8; Campi Magni, 213; Zama, 212–13; Cynoscephalae, 229–30; Magnesia, 242–3; Pydna, 251–3
Tanaquil, 49
Tarentum, 10–11, 22, 126–31, 147–8, 198–9, 200–1, 206–7, 289, 317, 399 n.18, 431 n.13, 435 n.8
Tarpeia, 46
Tarquinii, 21, 24, 26, 28–9, 68, 90–1, 97, 123, 126, 317, 401 n.29, 402 n.33, 408 n.19
Tarquinius Collatinus, L., 67, 417 n.1
Tarquinius Priscus, L., 42, 45, 48–9, 406 n.11
Tarquinius Sextus, 414 n.45
Tarquinius Superbus, L., 45, 48, 50, 55–6, 68–9, 358
Tarracina (Anxur), 36, 56, 101, 119–20, 133
Tarraco, 190
Tartessus, 5, 19, 21, 142, 433 n.2
Taurasia, 124
Taurini, 170, 184
Tauromenium, 162
Tavoliere, 7
Taxation, Roman, see Tributum; in Sicily, 162–3; in Sardinia, 167–8; in Spain, 268; in provinces, 295–6
Tax collectors, 163, 296
Teanum, 119, 198
Teanum Apuli, 122
Telamon, battle of, 171, 439 n.7
Telmessus, 245
Tempe, vale of, 228, 231, 248, 251
–2
Temples, 330–1; in Largo Argentina, 463 n.23; see under separate gods, etc.
Terentilius Harsa, C. (trib. pleb., 462), 79
Terentius Afer, P., poet, 326, 329, 345–6
Terentius Culleo, Q. (praetor, 187), 289
Terentius Varro, C. (cos. 216), 188, 207, 297
Termantia, 273
Terminalia, 353, 355
Terramara culture, 8–10, 18; relation to Latins, 9
Teuta, 173–4
Thasos, 221
Theocritus, 148
Thenae, 142
Thermae, 153
Thermopylae, battle of, 239, 454 n.8
Thessaly, 228, 232, 238–9, 251
Theveste, 142, 158
Thrace, 193, 223, 233–5, 241, 245
Thurii, 126, 127, 131, 289
Thyatira, 242
Tiber, river, 38, 404 n.1
Tibur (Tivoli), 33, 55, 84, 88, 96, 97, 102, 103, 200, 358, 403nn.43 & 44
Ticinus, battle of, 185
Tifata, Mt, 198
Timaeus, 43–5, 369, 466
Timarchus, 259–60
Timavo, river, 266
Titinius, poet, 346
Titius, river, 267
Titus Tatius, 45–6
Toledo, 269
Tolumnius of Veii, 90, 424 n.11
Torboletae, 178, 179
Totemism, 351
Tower of Agathocles, battle at, 210
Trade, 313–18; Phoenician, 19–21; in Magna Graecia, 20; Etruscan, 31–2; Greek, 20–2, 308–9; Roman, 144, 287, 295; Punic, 143–4, 146, 295, 308; influence on Roman policy, 144, 149, 224, 253, 278, 295
Trasimene, Lake, battle of, 186–7, 442 n.7
Trebia, battle of, 185, 441 n.4
Trebula, 123
Tresviri of the Mint, 318
Trial of the Scipios, 298, 460 n.17
Tribes, ‘Romulean’, 46, 64–5, 410 n.32; Roman, creation of, 60–1, 413 n.43; increase of, 86, 91, 96, 97, 103, 119, 122, 123, 134, 168; Clustumina, 86; Pomptina and Poplilia, 97; Maecia and Scaptia, 103; Oufentina, 119, 122; Falerna, 122; Aniensis and Teretina, 123; Velina and Quirina, 134, 168; Pollia, 266; Esquilina, 289
Tribunate, 76–83, 115–18, 297–8, 420 n.17, 421, 459 n.11
Tributum, 63, 136, 197, 320–1; discontinued, 290
Trifanum, 102, 427 n.30
Tripolis, 156
Triumph, 52–3, 62–3, 408 n.18, 411 n.35
Triumviri capitales, 114
Troy, Trojans, 42–3, 44
Truceless War, 165–6, 167, 438 n.2
Tullianum, 333
Tullus Hostilius, 47
Tunis, 154, 165–6, 211, 213
Turdetani, 191, 269
Turin, 184
Tusca, 277
Tusculum, 37, 55–6, 84, 87, 96, 102, 110, 133, 340, 359
Twelve Tables, 80–1, 315, 336–7, 341, 347, 351, 367, 420 n.19
Tyndaris, 153, 156
Tyre, 142
Tyrrhenoi, 25
Umbrians, 17, 123, 125, 132; dialect of, 16–17, 339, 398 n.15
Urnfield culture, 6–7, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 22–3, 398 n.10
Utica, 19, 165–6, 210–11, 279–81, 283, 342, 399 n.19
Uxama, 271
Vaccaei, 177, 270–4
Vadimo, Lake, battle of, 126
Valentia, 272
Valerian gens, 301
Valerius Antias, Q., annalist, 370, 466
Valerius Corvus, M. (cos. 348), 101, 426 n.23, 427 n.28
Valerius Flaccus, L. (cos. 195), 239, 266, 300, 302, 304
Valerius Laevinus, M. (cos. 210), 193, 196, 206
Valerius Laevinus, P. (cos. 280), 128
Valerius Maximus, M. (cos. 300), 111
Valerius Messalla, M’. (cos. 263), 151
Valerius Potitus, L. (cos. 449), 79
Valerius Publicola, P. (cos. 509), 417 n.1
Valerius Publicola, P. (cons. trib. 377), 109
Valerius, Satricum inscription, 417
Varro, writer, 372; see also Terentius
Veii, 14, 24, 26, 68, 89–92, 398 n.11, 424 n.12
Velabrum, 39
Velia, hill in Rome, 38
Velia, in southern Italy, 131
Velitrae, 35, 36, 87–8, 92, 96, 97, 103, 314
Venafrum, 317
Veneti, 93, 95, 124, 170, 264, 266, 425 n.17
Venus, 35, 357
Venusia, 125, 127, 129, 200
Verginia, 79–80
Ver sacrum, 18, 99, 357, 498 n.16
Verulae, 123
Vesta, cult of, 59, 353, 355; temple of, 51; Vestal Virgins, 47, 332, 352, 355, 462 n.21
Vestini, 18, 100, 121, 123
Vetilius, M. (praetor 147), 272
Veto, 72, 78
Vetulonia, 126
Veturius, T. (cos. 321), 121
Via, Sacra, 51; Salaria, 54; Veientana, 89; Appia, 110, 122, 124, 138, 335; Latina, 138, 198; Flaminia, 138, 172, 186, 187, 207, 264, 457 n.2; Clodia, 138; Aurelia, 138; Egnatia, 227, 260; Aemilia, 264; Postumia, 265
Vibenna, 48, 49, 407 n.12
Vibinum, 187
Vibo, 289
Victoria, temple of, 332
Vicus Tuscus, 51, 332, 335
Villanovans, 11–16, 18–19, 398nn.9 & 17
Viminal, 38
Vine, 34, 53, 308, 309, 409 n.21
Viriathus, 272–3, 458 n.14
Viridomarus, 172
Vix, 23
Volcanal, 52, 333, 408 n.15
Volsci, language of, 17; wars with Rome, 85–8, 96–7, 101, 426 n.21
Volsinii, 30, 123, 125–6, 132, 316, 322, 425 n.14, 432 n.23
Volterra, 126, 348
Voltumna, 30
Volturnum, 31
Volturnus, river, 198
Volumnius, L. (cos. 308), 124
Vortumnus, 51
Vulca of Veii, 52
Vulci, 26, 27, 29, 48–9, 125–6, 132, 407 n.12
War-loans, 159, 320–1
Women, position of, 82, 324, 327, 328, 337
Xanthippus, Spartan mercenary captain, 155
Xanthus, 401 n.27
Zama, battle of, 212–13, 447 n.11
Zancle-Messene, 22
Zilath, 30, 73, 415 n.49
Zonaras, 371
Zygus Pass, 228
A History of the Roman World Page 76