on biblical and Jewish themes, 19
didactic, 497–99
Homeric, 227, 466, 494
Jewish, 640
mythological, 496–97
polymathy, 454
See also Homer; poetry
Epictetus, 29, 85–87, 93–95, 236, 483, 513, 528–40, 549, 552. See also Arrian of Nicomedia; philosophy; Stoics
Epicureans, 236, 293–94, 301–2, 374, 380, 575, 582
attacks on the, 292, 552, 572
Diogenes of Oenoanda and the, 539–49, 556
and religion, 281
See also atomism; Diogenes of Oenoanda; philosophy
epigram, 36, 124–26, 193, 493–94, 499–503, 510, 694n14
Byzantine, 409
cult traditions and the, 603
and the dinner party, 115–17
erotic, 120, 122, 514, 695n16
See also Martial; poetry
epistolography, 509–19, 723n2, 723n11, 724n12
Christian apocrypha and, 678–80
embedded letters and, 516–17
fictional, 724n15, 725n46
Greek, 510–14, 724n27
the novel and , 515–16
pseudonymous letter collections and, 514–15
Roman appropriation of, 25
short stories and, 515–16
See also Christian Apocrypha; literature
Erasistrateans, 375, 379–80. See also Erasistratus; medicine
Erasistratus, 371, 375
human dissections and vivisections of, 371
On the Bringing up of Blood of, 380
See also Galen; medicine
erudition. See learning
ethics, 84–87, 94, 277, 301–5, 375, 532, 542, 557, 582, 584–90. See also virtue
ethnicity, 57, 69, 81–83, 140, 484, 625, 636
and culture, 89, 99–110, 327–32, 336, 341, 458
and diversity, 327, 429, 431, 439, 619
of Greekness, 88, 109, 382
language and, 423, 715n63
persecutions and, 298, 437
prejudices of, 59
purity of, 89–92, 342, 437
religion and, 336–37, 633, 635
stereotypes of, 56
transcendence of, 81–96, 150
See also cultural identity; culture
Eudemus, 373, 377, 383. See also Aristotelians; Galen; philosophy
Eudorus of Alexandria, 292. See also philosophy; Platonists
Euripides, 3, 218, 220, 641, 698n34
Helen of, 411
Iphigenia in Tauris of, 423, 502
letters attributed to, 511, 514
Medea of, 93, 146
See also poetry; tragedy
Eusebius of Caesarea, 569, 576, 620, 634, 660, 663–64, 670–72, 675
Contra Hieroclem of, 278
Ecclesiastical History of, 659, 665
Preparation for the Gospel of, 572, 729n25
See also Christianity
Eustathius, 499. See also commentary
exiles, 93–94, 691n28
fable, 143, 205, 240, 493, 502–3. See also Aesop; poetry
Favorinus of Arelate, 6, 8, 28–32, 50–61, 108–9, 129–30, 233–38, 245–47, 437
exile and, 94
Greekness of, 103, 105, 127, 330, 341
Memoirs of, 447
Miscellaneous History of, 28, 447
as a Skeptic, 552–54, 560, 568
as a sophist, 175, 181, 447, 457, 552
See also asianism; sex; Skeptics; sophists
festivals, 15, 26, 107, 155–61, 164, 169, 184, 266, 295, 734n25
dramatic, 502
musical and theatrical, 544
national, 424, 500
religious, 165, 494, 500, 597–607, 613–19, 631, 658, 733n1, 734n22
See also athletes; cult; Panhellenic festivals; religion
Flavius Damianus, 188, 191, 193, 700n2. See also oratory; sophists
Flavius Philostratus. See Philostratus
Frazer, J. G., 358, 365–66
Fronto, 7, 30–37, 205, 210, 235, 239–40, 245–51, 354, 701nn1–7, 702nn9–18
Correspondence of, 251
and Aulus Gellius, 689n1
and Marcus Aurelius, 116, 118, 121–23, 129–31, 330, 342, 349, 354
philological interests of, 68
See also oratory; rhetoric; sophists
Gaius, 567, 570, 574, 729n19. See also philosophy
Galen, 5, 7–8, 32, 161–65, 233, 237, 346, 371–84, 614
anatomical demonstrations by, 379–80
and “the Ancients”, 377–78
atticism and, 43–44, 49, 51, 485
biography of, 371–75
the crowd and, 380–81
debating in public by, 380
and the emperor, 383–84
on language, 377
the liberal arts and, 374
normative patient of, 372–73
On Anatomical Procedures of, 383
On Lycus’s Ignorance of Anatomy of, 379
On Prognosis of, 383–84
On the Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato of, 375, 378
On the Usefulness of the Parts of, 377–78, 383
paideia and, 373–79
philosophy and, 552–54, 567–69, 574, 584–90, 698n40, 731n18
and Roman imperial power, 382–84
Roman connections of, 382–83
and the senatorial aristocracy, 383
therapy as competition in, 381–82
women in, 119
See also medicine; philosophy
geography, 28, 89, 141, 251, 277, 279, 366, 395, 406, 466, 479, 617. See also history
Gleason, Maud, 127
Goldhill, Simon, 14, 124, 276, 449
Gorgias of Leontini, 8, 13, 57–59, 108, 275–76, 629. See also rhetoric; sophists
Gowing, Alain, 484
grammar, 47, 51, 67–78, 141–46, 150, 156–60, 205, 311, 346, 452–53, 633, 642. See also education; rhetoric
Greece, 11–21, 396
Alexander and, 431
language of, 423
and Persia, 392–93
and Rome, 222–26, 432, 481–82
See also cultural identity; Greek; Persia; Rome
Greek, 4, 14–15, 19, 423
cultural identity and, 18–20, 103–7, 208, 226–27, 230, 317, 321, 416, 494
hellenismos and, 68, 71, 74
and Latin, 29, 247–51, 316, 342, 346, 352, 447, 457, 482, 486–87, 724n15
oratory, 26, 28–29, 431, 437
poetry in, 218, 220, 411, 493–95, 499
See also asianism; atticism; cultural identity; diglossia; Greece; koinê
Greenwood, Emily, 480
gymnasium, 156–58, 188–94, 372. See also athletes; athletic trainers; sophists
Hadrian, 32, 210, 242, 382–83, 390, 396, 436, 486, 494, 498, 502, 626. See also Roman Empire
Hadrian of Tyre, 59, 170–71, 191, 233, 242, 374. See also sophists
Hall, Edith, 104, 423
Harrison, Stephen, 342, 353
Heath, Malcolm, 150
Heliodorus, 16, 20, 389, 393, 398, 477, 649, 677
Aethiopica of, 405, 421, 616
religion and, 606, 735n36
the sylistics of, 406
See also novel, the; literature
Heliodorus of Athens, 364. See also architecture
Hellenistic scholarship, 45, 70, 452, 454, 469, 671. See also grammar; Homer
Helm, Rudolf, 327, 333, 342
Heraclitus, 468. See also allegory; Homer
Hermocrates, 391, 711n8
Hermogenes of Tarsus, 58, 147–48. See also oratory; rhetoric
Herodes Atticus, 44, 177–78, 238–42, 245–46, 437–38, 499. See also oratory; sophists
Herodian, 477–78, 486–87, 721n28. See also history
Herodotus, 366, 392, 425–26, 478
Hesiod, 29, 425, 465–66, 502, 605, 630, 646–47. See also fable; poetry
Herophilus, 375, 378. See also medicine
Hippocrates, 374–75
, 377–78. See also medicine
Hippodromus of Larissa, 129, 169–78, 240, 500. See also sophists
Hippolytus, 501. See also Christianity
Hipponax, 435. See also invective
historiography, 20, 124, 278, 392, 477–88, 634, 636, 720n12, 721n25
Africanus and Greek, 663–64
Antonine, 487
Christian apocrypha and, 680
and epistolography, 515–17
Greek, 663–64
Hellenistic, 392, 657, 739n61
oratory and, 141
Pausanias and, 361
Philostratus and, 513
Plutarch and, 312, 316, 318–22
political, 311
romantic, 16, 18
Severan, 487
See also history; literature
history, 477–81
of Athens, 318–20, 697n11
Cicero and, 317, 478, 720n11
Plutarch and, 313–14, 318–21
of the Second Sophistic, 275–76
See also geography; historiography
Homer, 218, 220, 411, 493–95
Iliad of, 142, 495
Odyssey of, 397, 662
See also epic; Hellenistic scholarship; poetry
Homeric Hymns, 498. See also poetry
Idomeneus of Lampsacus, 236. See also Epicureans; philosophy
intellectualism, 7, 335. See also education; learning
invective, 120, 123, 205, 209, 220, 332–33, 351–52, 435, 661. See also literature
Isocrates, 259, 262, 428. See also oratory; rhetoric
Jakobson, Roman, 424
Josephus, 18, 48, 107, 517, 547, 631–32, 647, 657, 721n25. See also history; Judaism
Judaism, 19, 438, 547, 639–51
allegory in, 300
Christianity and, 109, 693n60
Hellenism and, 642, 644, 648
Plutarch on, 297
See also Christianity; religion
Julia Domna, 130, 274
Julius Africanus, 6, 634, 655–65, 671. See also Christianity; history; polymathy
Julius Caesar, 31, 76, 124, 432
Julius Pollux, 8
Justin Martyr, 626, 633, 741n62. See also Christianity
Juvenal, 8, 117–28, 220, 512, 639. See also satire
koinê, 44–52, 61, 150, 241, 292, 424, 428–29, 437–39, 478, 482, 484, 487, 689n5. See also Greece; Greek
Krevans, Nita, 425
Latin
citizenship and, 106–7
erotic, 116, 120
Greek and, 247–51, 316, 342, 346, 352, 447, 457, 482, 486–87, 724n15
hegemony of, 435
letters in, 118, 510–11
literature in, 4, 7, 122, 345, 498, 352, 495–99, 650
origins and development of, 69–70
rhetorical culture, 205–13
words, 5, 127, 384, 390
See also latinitas; Latin Second Sophistic; literature; rhetoric
latinitas, 67–78, 248, 690nn6–7
the development of a sense of, 70–73
theorized, 73–78
See also Latin; Latin Second Sophistic
Latinity. See latinitas
Latin Second Sophistic, 4, 25–35, 67–78. See also Latin; Second Sophistic
learning, 29–35, 101, 155–56, 170, 181, 234, 338, 351–53, 406, 449–55
Greek, 640, 642, 656, 660
Jewish, 642
life and, 413, 640
literary, 353
lovers of, 628
philosophy and, 453
See also paideia; polymathy; sophists
Leonidas of Byzantium, 498
Life of Sekoûndos, 436–37
literary antiquarianism, 52–53, 366, 607. See also archaism; literature
literary devices, 57, 411, 421. See also literature
literature, 273–524
cult and, 604–6
of exile, 93–94
Greek, 104, 188–94, 218–20, 234, 411, 436, 493–95
Latin, 4, 7, 25, 31, 76, 122–23, 345, 352, 495–98
myth and, 226–30
of pilgrimage, 362
See also allegory; comedy; culture; literary devices; miscellanies; novel, the; poetry; tragedy
Livius Andronicus, 70. See also Latin; literature
Longinus, 425, 730n49, 733n3. See also Pseudo-Longinus
Longus, 16, 61, 359, 389, 511, 649
and Achilles Tatius, 405–16
cult in, 712n12
Daphnis and Chloe of, 55, 353, 398, 405, 412, 421, 700n3, 713n14
the novels of, 389
See also literature; novel, the
Lucian of Samosata, 149, 205, 273, 327–43, 425
Alexander of, 354
cultural identity in, 341–42
the gods of, 336–38
How to Write History of, 480
imposters and, 338–41
the literary project of, 333–36
On the Syrian Goddess of, 366
philosophers and, 339–40
Syrians and non-Syrians in, 329–33
True Stories of, 366
See also ethnicity; literature; satire
Lucianus, 501. See also epigram
Lucillius, 501. See also epigram
Lucius Verus, 191, 245, 371. See also Roman Empire
Lycus of Macedon, 377–80. See also medicine
Lysias, 54, 56, 59, 122, 236, 250, 428, 688n1. See also Greek; oratory
Marcellus of Side, 498–99
Iatrica of, 499
Ornithiaka of, 499
See also epic; poetry
Marcus Aurelius, 32, 124, 371, 383–84, 486, 498, 626. See also Commodus; Roman Empire; Stoics
Marinus, 379. See also medicine
Martial, 8, 118–19, 123, 435. See also epigram
medicine, 7, 117, 119, 174, 353, 371–84, 388, 732n50
Apuleius on, 349
Asclepius god of, 371
philosophy and, 161, 588–89, 698n40
Plutarch on, 163
See also Galen; philosophy
melic poetry, 499–501. See also poetry
Melito of Sardis, 620, 626. See also Christianity
Menander, 48, 512, 647. See also comedy
Menander Rhetor, 185, 209–11, 213, 266. See also encomium; rhetoric
Mesomedes, 12, 494, 499. See also poetry
Methodists, 375–76, 378. See also medicine
Michael Psellos, 266. See also philosophy
Middle Platonism, 300–1, 547. See also philosophy; Platonists
miscellanies, 28–29, 34, 52, 235, 447–59, 466–68, 717n1. See also literature
misogyny, 119, 130. See also sex; women
Mithridates, 102, 392–96. See also Persia
Morgan, John, 414, 712n12
Musonius Rufus, 83, 93–94, 217, 304, 340, 527–32, 535–36, 646, 695n17, 700n1. See also philosophy; Stoics
mythography, 358, 463–73, 603, 719n1, 719n3. See also literature
mythos, 364, 410
Naevius, 70–72. See also Latin; poetry
Near Eastern wisdom literature, 437, 647–49. See also Judaism
Nectanebo, 426–27, 429–31. See also Egypt
Neoplatonism, 213, 576, 604–5, 661, 680. See also philosophy; Platonists
Nero, 4, 12, 26, 32, 190, 224–25, 291, 299, 376, 447, 534, 600, 618. See also Roman Empire
Nerva, 14, 26, 48, 207, 218, 224. See also Roman Empire
Nestor of Laranda, 495, 497. See also epic
New Comedy, 221, 406, 501, 512, 540, 724n25, 724n27. See also comedy
Newlands, Carole, 127
Nicarchus, 501. See also epigram
Nonnos, 496, 498. See also epic; poetry
Norden, Eduard, 41–42, 57, 249, 327, 689n8, 722n53
novel, the, 41, 60, 279, 295, 305, 361–64, 477, 516, 649, 676, 711n9
anti-Sophistic, 5, 421–39
Greek, 6, 15–18, 55, 103, 120, 221, 389–401, 405–16
Jewish, 649–51, 677, 688n38, 735n36<
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Latin, 34, 345–55
women and the, 694n6
See also literature; religion
Numenius, 565, 569, 572–74, 577, 729n27. See also philosophy; Platonists
Numisianus, 377. See also medicine
Odes of Solomon, 501, 678. See also Christian Apocrypha
Oppian of Apamea, 497–99
Cynegetica of, 498
See also epic; poetry
Oppian of Cilicia, 497–99
Halieutica of, 498
See also epic; poetry
oratory, 13, 27, 33–34, 141, 155, 195, 206–8, 331, 360, 601
Asiatic, 56, 61
Attic, 52, 59, 437
epideictic, 3, 182, 185, 196, 210, 559, 643
Greek, 43–44, 58, 257–66, 361, 425, 706n26
Hellenistic, 59, 687n10
judicial, 144, 349, 559
Latin, 26, 205–13
as a mission, 259–61
myth and, 463, 469
panegyric, 25
practical, 205
sophistic, 4, 28, 42, 187–88, 192, 209, 212, 431, 450, 556, 603
theatrical, 311
See also declamation; Greek; Latin; performance; rhetoric; sophists
Origen of Alexandria, 569, 573, 575–77, 670–71
Against Celsus of, 573, 729n25
On First Principles of, 690n7
See also Christianity
Orphic Hymns, 501. See also melic poetry
Ovid, 3, 25, 93, 120, 235, 495, 724n15
Halieutica of, 498
Heroides of, 511
poetic epistles of, 510
See also Latin; poetry
paideia, 6, 11, 392–95, 399, 410–12, 429, 436, 455–58, 482, 735n42
poetry and, 493
professionals of, 165–78
schools and, 139–51
See also education; sophists
Pamphila of Epidauros, 29, 447–48, 458, 459. See also miscellanies
Panathenaicus, the, 89–93, 186, 258, 264–67, 342. See also Athens; cosmopolitanism
Panhellenic festivals, 105, 494, 598, 602–4. See also festivals; Greece
Parker, Robert, 427
Pausanias, 357–66, 599–600
Periegesis Hellados of, 51, 160, 194, 298, 311, 357, 598, 617
myth and, 472
pilgrimage and, 298
religion and, 598, 607
See also atticism; Greece
Pausanias of Caesarea, 357, 373–74, 710n2. See also sophists
Peloponnesian War, 258, 391–92. See also Greece
Pelops, 377–78. See also medicine
performance, 26–28, 35, 44, 60, 71, 99–105, 129, 181–96, 257, 493, 597
and competition, 379–82
of cultural memory, 295
culture of, 44, 103–7
declamatory, 26, 208, 719n4
dramatic, 502, 604
epideictic, 351
of erudition, 28–32
of love, 123
of lyric poetry, 117
oratorical, 211, 321
paideia and, 139–97, 455
philosophical, 346, 552
The Oxford Handbook of the Second Sophistic Page 120