Tennessee Patriot
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Lawrence, Eddie (brother), 1, 4–5
Lawrence, Jenny (daughter in law), 157
Lawrence, Laurie (daughter), viii, 136–37, 156–59, 162–63, 165
Lawrence, Robert (father), 1–4, 7, 22, 125, 136–37, 160–61
Lawrence, Tennessee Brewer (mother), 1, 3–4, 7, 22, 125–26, 136–37, 160–61
Lawrence, Tommy (brother), 1, 126, 137
Lawrence, Wendy (daughter): career of, ix, 5; childhood and youth of, 50, 136–37, 156–57, 162–63, 165, 168; at Naval Academy, 170, 173–74, 178, 188
Leahy, John, 20
Lee, Robert E., Southern views on, 1
Lehman, John, 196, 205, 207–8, 211
Lejuene, John, 193
Lemoore Naval Air Station, 166–69
Light Attack Wing Pacific Fleet, 166
Lincoln, Abraham: as hero, 5; Southern views on, 1
Long, Bob, 193
LSO. See landing signal officer
Luke, Preston, 37, 39
MacArthur, Douglas, 21
MacDill Air Force Base, 92, 98
Mach II, first naval aviator to fly, x–xi, 57
maintenance, phased, 86
maintenance officer duty, 82–84, 86, 88–89
Mangy Angels, 37–41
Marine-Navy relations, 193
Massey, Forsythe, 92
master’s degree in political affairs, 164–65
Maston, Ron, 118
Mayport, Florida, 60
McCain, Carol, 214
McCain, John, 123, 131, 164–65, 211–12, 217
McDaniel, Red, 131, 138
McDonald, David, 91, 93
McDonnell, Sandy, 57
McKee, Kinnard “Kin,” 172–73
McKeldin, Theodore, 16
McKellar, K. D., 9
McNamara, Robert, 90, 93, 96–97
Medal of Honor winners among POWs, 132
Med Moor, 62
Mehl, Jim, 119
Menninger Clinic, 210–11
Mercury program, 59
Middle East: command authority in, 90, 97; travels in, as aid to Gen. Adams, 94
Midway, 35
Miller, Ed, 127–28
Miller, Jerry, 89
Miller, Joe, 93
Miller, Rip, 8–9
Minter, Charles, 186
Miramar Naval Air Station, 70, 98–99, 101
Missouri, 13
Mitchell, Bob, 209
Mitchell, John, 37, 39, 45–46
Mobutu, Sese Seko, 94
Moffett Field, 31
Monaghan, 203
Moore, Bill, 134
Moorer, Joe, 60
Moorer, Tom: Adams’ Strike Command and, 94–95, 97; career of, 60; character of, 105; and flag lieutenant duty, 60–61, 63–68; and POW career paths, 164; support from, 91, 210
Mount Fujiyama, 39–41
Mullen, Michael G., 216
Mulligan, Jim, 131
Nam Dinh, bomb run on, 104, 109–10
Nance, Bud, 85
Napoleon, 6
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), astronaut search, 59–60
Nashville, childhood in, 1–7
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. See NASA
national defense, political unity and, 171
National Football Foundation, 214
National Museum of Naval Aviation, 215
National War College, 163–64, 211
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): exercises, 64, 79; Standing Group meeting, 61
NATOPs. See Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures program
Naval Academy: and active-duty obligation, 189–91; appointment to, 8–9; attrition rate, 191; aviation courses, 15; Chair of Leadership and Ethics, 210, 214; cheating at, 16–18; curriculum, 10, 16, 194; decision to attend, 5–6, 8; drinking at, 194; family service center at, 179–80; first-classmen liberties, 12, 19; food at, 11; Honor Concept established at, viii, 17–22; midshipman days at, viii, 9–23; plebe year, 9–10, 173; post-retirement involvement with, 214, 216; racial attitudes at, 193; social activities at, 11–13; sports at, 11–12 (See also Navy football); summer “temporary-duty” assignments, 13, 22; Wendy Lawrence at, 170, 173–74, 178, 188. See also superintendent of Naval Academy; women at Naval Academy
Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures (NATOPs) program, 75
naval aviation: Association of Naval Aviation, 214; attraction to, 13; and Cold War, 65; departure from, 72; hazards of, 31, 70, 75; Naval Academy courses in, 15; and paper work, 86; return to, 79, 81; in VF-14, 81–90; in VF-101, 69–72, 81, 86; in VF-193, 31–46; in Vietnam War, 99–110; wing-pinning ceremony, 29. See also flight training; test pilot duty
Naval Aviation Foundation. See Association of Naval Aviation
Naval Aviation Medical Institute (NAMI), 98
naval flight officer (NFO), 86
Naval Intelligence Center, 196
Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps. See NROTC
Naval Test Center, Carrier Branch, 49–50
navigation, 30
navigator duty, 73–79
Navy administrative structure, 206
Navy career: overview of, viii; pleasure and satisfaction of, 80, 212; prisoners of war and, 79, 164, 166, 211
Navy football: Army-Navy Game of 1948, 11; coaches, 14; importance of, 179; love of, 212; recruitment to, 8–9; as team member, 14, 18; training for, 10, 13, 114
Navy leadership, diversity of commissioning sources and, 85
Navy-Marine Corps relations, 193
Navy Preliminary Evaluation of aircraft, 49
Newport News, 73–79
NFO. See naval flight officer
night fighting: first jet night battle, 71; VF-193 and, 31, 43, 46
night landings, 43–46, 85
night takeoffs, from carrier, 109
Norfolk, Virginia, 69, 73–74
Northampton, 76
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. See NATO
North Vietnam, bombing of: antiaircraft artillery and, 100, 103–5, 107–10; B-52s and, 130–31; effectiveness of, 106; and pilot stress, 108; and POW population, 119, 124; preparation for, 105–6; run on Nam Dinh, 104, 109–10; SAM missiles and, 100–101, 104–6, 108–9; target selection, 100, 103, 106–8; U.S. practices and procedures, 99–100, 103–7
North Vietnamese propaganda, at Hanoi Hilton, 124–25, 127, 131, 133
NROTC (Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps), 12, 85
nuclear weapons delivery training, 46
Oceana Naval Air Station, 69–70, 88
OD. See officer of the day officer of the day (OD) duty, 75
officer of the deck (OOD), qualification as, 36
Ohana, 201–2
O’Hara, Jack, 168
Ohio, 200–201
“Oh Tennessee, My Tennessee” (Lawrence), 122, 156–57, 216–17
OOD. See officer of the deck operational-readiness inspection (ORI), 105
Operation Desert Storm, 171
Operation Enduring Freedom, 171
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 171
operations officer duty, 89–90
ORI. See operational-readiness inspection
Oriskany, 32–36, 38–39, 42
O’Rourke, Jerry, 72
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 89
P-80 Shooting Star, 29
“Packages” One to Six, 100
paperwork: naval aviation and, 86; Vietnam War and, 101
Patuxent Naval Air Station, 47–49, 51, 53–54
PBY Catalina, 43
“peace” delegations to Hanoi, 121
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 196–204
Pensacola, flight training in, 26–27
Pentagon duty, 169–71
Perkins, Court, 56
Perot, H. Ross, viii–ix, 18, 138, 191, 210, 214–16
Peterson, Pete, 170
phased maintenance, 86
photo-Crusader, 62
photo-reconnaissance unit(s), 39–41, 103
�
��Pig Eye.” See “Straps and Bar”
Pirie, Robert, 15–16, 23
Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS), 170
politics, and Pentagon, 169–71
“poopy” suits, 38
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, 77
PPBS (Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System), 170
President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, 214–15
pressure breathing, 53
pressure suits, 40–41, 53
Price, John Dale, 29
Pride, A. M., 58
Priest, Percy, 8
Princeton University, Forrestal Laboratories, 54–55
prisoner of war ordeal, 111–32; annual physical followup exam, 209; capture, 111–12; and Code of Conduct, 111–13, 128; collaborators, 120–21, 127–28; communication between prisoners, vii, 117–21, 123; cost to career, 79, 164, 166, 211; daily life, 116–18, 130; debriefings following, 138, 155; escapes, 128; health following, 136, 155; heroes in, 131–32; interrogations, 112–14; length of, 116, 134; letters to/from home, 125–27; medical care, 118, 122; mental exercises, 122–23; North Vietnamese propaganda, 124–25, 127, 131, 133; prisoner protests, 129; public relations appearances following, 155–56; readjustment after release, 136–37, 155–63, 167–68, 214; release, 131–36; religion and, 128–29; torture and punishment, vii–viii, 113–15, 119, 121, 123, 128–29, 155; and will to live, 118–20, 123
prisoners of war: deaths among, 121–22, 155; and Navy career, 79, 164, 166, 211; North Vietnamese disclosure of names, 125, 158; North Vietnamese retention of, 138; North Vietnamese views on, 127; Son Tay prison raid, 128
Profilet, Gene, 105
promotions board, 207–8
protesters and special interest groups, 200–202
Proxmire, William, 169
public service, Lawrence’s attraction to, 6
“pucker factor,” 52
quartermasters, 79–80
Quartermaster’s Notebook, 76
RA-5C Vigilante photo-reconnaissance jets, 103
racial attitudes: of Lawrence, 3; at Naval Academy, 193; in South, 1, 3
racial tensions, in Navy, 167–68
radar intercept officer (RIO), 70–71, 86
radio equipment, on F3H Demons, 82–84
RAG. See Replacement Air Group
“The Rag.” See Fighter Squadron 101 (VF-101)
Ramage, James D. “Jig Dog,” 41–43
Ram effect, 57
Ramp, Laurie, 182
Ramsey, Henry “Hank,” 93–94, 96
Ranger, 99
rape investigation, at Naval Academy, 176–77
Rapid Reaction Force, 91–97
Rauch, Frederick (son), viii
Reagan, Ronald W., 138
reconnaissance flights, in Vietnam, 106
Reed, Jacob, 23
Rees, Joe, 65–66
The Relationship between the Military and the Media (Lawrence and Aukofer), 214
religion: and prisoner of war ordeal, 128–29; religious training, 3
Rennaman, Bob, 11–12
Replacement Air Group (RAG) squadron VF-101, 81
retirement: activities in, 210–11, 214–16; cause of, viii, 209–10; health in, viii, 210–11, 215
Rickover, Hyman, 173, 192–93
The Right Stuff (Wolfe), 54
RIMPAC (Rim of the Pacific) exercises, 199, 201
RIO. See radar intercept officer
Risner, Robbie, 128–29, 131, 166
Roberts, Frank, 3
Rockney, Knute, 8
Rodger, Tom, 110
Romano, John, 40–41
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 9
Roots (Haley), 9
Ross, Tom, 17
ROTC (Reserve Officers Training Corps), 4, 8, 12
Ruby, Jack, 89
Russell, James, 93–94
Rutledge, Howie, 129, 131
S-3 Viking, 170
Sagerholm, Jim, 17–18
St. John’s College, 9
Salem class, 74
San Diego, California, 70
Saratoga, 60–67
Sauer, George, 11, 13
SBD Dauntless dive bomber, 41
Scan patterns, 30
Schacht, K. G., 13
Schirra, Wally, 59
Scott, Sir Walter, 122, 156
Scott Air Force Base, 137
Sea Hawks, 13
Second Fleet, 76–77
segregation, awareness of, in youth, 1, 3
Selassie, Haile, 94
A Sense of Humor (Webb), 186
SERE. See survival, escape, resistance and evasion training
“Seven Mules,” 8–9
Seventh Fleet, 65
Shelton, Don, 136
Shepard, Alan: aboard Oriskany, 32, 35–42, 46; as astronaut, 59–60; as test pilot, 47, 53–54
Shipmate magazine, 214
Shrike missiles, 106
Shumaker, Bob, 131
Shuman, Edwin A. “Ned” III, 216
Sicily, 15
Sijan, Lance, 121, 132
Sixth Fleet, 61–62, 74–76
Skylancer, 53
Skynight, 71–72
Skyraider, 78
Skyrocket, 47
Sky-series airplanes, 47
Skystreak, 47
Skywarrior, 85
Small, Bill, 175
Smedberg, William (elder), 90–92
Smedberg, William “Bill” (younger), 90
Smith, Ames, 17
Smith, Gordon, 28–29
Smith, Page, 91, 94
Smith, Wayne, 17
Smith, Wendell, 37
SNB, 29–30
SNJ Texan, 24, 26
Snyder, “Doc,” 14
Son Tay prison raid, 128
South: Civil War’s impact on, 2; racial attitudes in, 1, 3
South, Tom, 53–54, 64
Soviet Union: in Pacific, 198; tracking of U.S. ships, 201. See also Cold War
“Speed is Life,” 71
Spence, 203
spool-up time, 43
sports: father’s participation in, 2; importance of, 179; participation in as youth, 3–4, 6, 8; participation in at Naval Academy, 11–12, 14, 16, 18; piloting skills and, 36. See also Navy football
SSBN. See fleet ballistic missile submarines
Stillwell, Paul, 182
Stockdale, Jim, 117–18, 121–23, 131–32, 166
Storrs, A. P., 13
“Straps and Bar,” 113–15, 155
strategic deterrent forces, 200
Stratton, Alice, 180
Stratton, Dick, 179–80
Strickland, Emmett T., 6
Strike Command, 91–97
subacute bacterial endocarditis, 211
supercarriers, 74
superintendent of the Naval Academy, 173–95; administrative duties, 179; attrition rate and, 191–92; curriculum and, 194; debate over appointment, 172–73; and drinking issue, 194; drug investigation, 175; Fast Net race crisis, 180; during midshipman days, 12; and Navy-Marine Corps relations, 193; and parades, 194–95; rape investigation, 176–77; Rickover’s nuclear program and, 192–93; social duties, 178–79; superintendents quarters, 178
surface navy: transfer to, 72–73; value of experience in, 79. See also flag lieutenant duty
surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), in Vietnam War, 100–101, 104–6, 108–9
survival, escape, resistance and evasion (SERE) training, 111
T-28 Trojan, 54–56
TACAN. See Tactical Air Navigation Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN), 30, 82–83
Tactical Land Attack Missile (TLAM) program, 197
tactical watch officer duty, 63, 66–67
Tailhook Association: Convention of 1974, 169; Ramage at, 41; value of, 169
tap code, 117–18, 120
Taylor, Frank, 83
Taylor, John McNay, 76
Tennessee: childhood and youth in, 1–8; return to after POW release, 137; state poem of, 122, 156–57,
216–17
test pilot duty, x–xi, 47–58, 69; astronaut program and, 59; dangers of, 54; and fear, 52; training for, 48–49
Third Fleet, mission of, 196
Third Fleet command, 196–204; encounter with disciplined sailor, 177; and knowledge of history, 5; northern Pacific presence, 197–98; Ohio basing protests, 200–201; preparation for, 196; protesters and special interest groups, 200–202; RIMPAC exercises, 199, 201
Thompson, Dick, 89–90
Tissot, Gene, 103, 105
TLAM. See Tactical Land Attack Missile
Tomahawk cruise missile program, 197
tour of duty, first, 31–34
Townsend, Tomas “Doc,” 99–101, 106
Trident submarines, 200–201
Trigger, 14
Triton, 64
Trower, Ross, 135
Truman, Harry S, 9
Turner, Fred “Fox,” 170
TV Seastar, 29
“two-a-days,” 10, 114
typhoon of 1982, 5, 202–4
unified command philosophy, and Strike Force, 90–97
University of Southern California Aviation Safety Course, 48
U.S. Naval Institute, 186
Ustick, Dick, 180–83
V-22 Osprey, 171
VA-196, 105
VAH-11, 85
VAST (Versatile Avionics Systems Test), 170
Versatile Avionics Systems Test. See VAST
vertical short takeoff and landing aircraft (VSTOL), 171
vertigo, in pilots, 44
VF (Fighter Squadron). See entries under Fighter Squadron
Vietnamese, characteristics of, 127
Vietnam War: Adams (P. D.) on, 97, 115; attitude of public toward, 162; combat duty in, 99–110; conduct of, 130; desire to fight in, 98–99; peace treaty, 131–33; shot down over Nam Dinh, 109–10, 116. See also North Vietnam, bombing of; prisoner of war ordeal
Voice of Vietnam, 124–25
VSTOL (vertical short takeoff and landing aircraft), 171
Waddel, Wayne, 119
Wallace, Ed, 215
Ward, Frank, 15
Washington, DC, political game in, 169–71
Washington, George, Southern views on, 1
Washingtonian Magazine, 185, 187
Watkins, Jim, 172, 192, 198, 205, 207–10
Watkins, Mary, 3
Webb, Jim, 184–87, 189
Weisner, Mickey, 43, 90
Welch, George, 179
West End High School, 4, 8, 12, 49
West Point, honor code at, 21
Wheeler, Earle, 97
Whiney, Admiral, 29
Whiting, Ken, 26–27
Wilbur, Gene, 127–28
Wilkens, John, 204
Williams, MacPherson, 15, 22, 26, 158–59, 162, 173
Williams, Mrs. MacPherson, 15, 158–59, 162
Wolfe, Tom, 54
women: early views on, 5. See also dating
women at Naval Academy: and active-duty obligation, 189–91; debate on, 173, 184–86; harassment of, 181, 187; Lawrence’s views and policies, 173, 180–83, 187–89; rape case, 176–77