Bethlehem Steel-Argentina controversy, mediation of, 61
big business, attitude toward, 60, 61
career advancement, as primary goal, 54
Churchill, impression of, 77
European conflict, understanding of, 73
in France after the war, 82
investigations of, 87
Japanese imperialism, fears of, 55
Josephus Daniels, relationship with, 53, 67, 68, 73, 87–88, 90–91, 119, 143
labor unions and, 60
military service, desire for, 76, 79
naval expansion, advocacy of, 52, 56, 66, 69, 85
naval management and operations, involvement in, 73–76
North Sea mine barrage, plan for, 75
patronage, influence over, 59–60
political beliefs, origins of, 65
prediction of war, 65
resignation, 90
Theodore Roosevelt, influence of, 54, 61, 62, 85
wartime inspection trip to Europe, 76–80
Washington social life, 57
Wilson’s reelection campaign, role of in, 70
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, as governor of New York
accomplishments of, 131, 136–137
campaign for governor, 123–124
corruption in New York City, 140–141, 143, 158–159
explosive device in mail, 125
inspection tours of state facilities, 131–132
public electricity, support for, 129–130
reelection, 132–133
staff, 127–128
stronger banking regulations, support of, 133–134
Tammany, relationship with, 141–143, 158
Temporary Emergency Relief Administration, establishment of, 135–136
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, as peacetime president
1932 presidential election, 146–148, 150–154, 160–164
1936 reelection, 251, 257
antitrust campaign, 273
assassination attempt in Miami, 165–169
cabinet choices, 167–168
court-packing attempt, 260–264
criticism of, 278
debtor European powers, view of, 207–208
devaluation of dollar, 208
executive reorganization plan, 259–260, 277
fireside chats, 178–179, 185, 209, 219, 232, 254, 262, 269, 275
gold, policies involving, 189, 208–211
inaugural address (1933), 176
international economic policy, lack of interest in, 207
John L. Lewis, relationship with, 267
John Maynard Keynes, advice from, 269–271
John Maynard Keynes, meeting with, 231
legislative agenda for 1938, 272–273
midterm elections of 1934, Democratic sweep in, 220
national planning, belief in, 215
New Deal, economic failure of, 206, 214, 435
New Deal programs, 176, 178–187, 193–196, 198–206, 208, 211–212, 215, 231, 239–240, 242–245, 249, 254, 260, 264, 268, 273–274, 277
NRA, reaction to Supreme Court’s ruling on, 236
opposition to, 218, 222–228
personality, force of, 207, 256
political beliefs, 205, 230
political foes, use of government’s police powers against, 217–218
polls about, 250, 254, 262, 278, 294, 315, 323, 326, 338
popularity, 213–214, 220, 253
president’s role, view of, 172
press conferences, 177, 187, 189, 236, 237
rich people, attitude toward, 215–216
“Roosevelt coalition,” 254–255
social objectives of, 237
Stalin, comparison to, 196
State of the Union message, 1935, 228–229
State of the Union message, 1936, 247–248
State of the Union message, 1937, 258–259
supporters and advisors, 166
Supreme Court, relationship with, 258–260
tax evaders, focus on, 216–217
taxation of rich, 238–239
Theodore Roosevelt Jr., influence of, 116, 172, 283
train tours, 247, 254, 269, 316
veterans bonus bill, veto of, 238
White House staff, 168–169
Woodrow Wilson, influence of, 172, 283
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, as wartime president
1940 reelection, 311–312, 316–319
achievements of, 434–436
ban on sale of scrap iron and steel outside the Americas, 314
Britain, support for, 303, 322, 338
Cairo, international conference in, 372, 386–390
Cairo, meeting with Turkish president in, 394
Canada, assurance of support for, 295
at Casablanca conference, 355–358
Churchill, meeting with in Newfoundland, 331–332
Churchill, meeting with in Quebec, 381
Churchill, relationship with, 302, 345–346
Communism, illusions about, 421
death of, 431–432
on European imperialism, 357–358
fireside chats, 301, 305, 322, 334, 341, 363–364, 367, 395
fourth term, reelection to, 398–401, 408–411
Good Neighbor policy, 287–288
health of, 370–376, 396, 400, 401, 406, 414, 420, 427–428
Ibn Saud, cultivation of, 382
inaugural address, 1941, 323
inaugural address, 1945, 413–414
Japanese attack, expectation of, 337–338
at Malta, 420
moral ambiguity of, 434
mother, death of, 334
Nazi threat to US, concern about, 301, 321
neutrality, position on, 287, 301, 318
North African dignitaries, meeting with, 426
Panama Canal, defense of, 302
postwar world, vision of, 385–386, 393
press conferences, 367, 371, 415
pro-Communist youth group, speech to, 303
“quarantine” address, 291
Soviet communism, misunderstanding of, 380
Stalin, comparison to, 256, 276
Stalin, desire to build personal relationship with, 348, 354, 379
Stalin, view of, 330, 385, 386, 394, 418, 419
State of the Union address, 1941, 322–323
State of the Union address, 1943, 367
State of the Union address, 1945, 415, 419
strategic goals of, 302
Teheran, international conference in, 390–394, 402–403
Theodore Roosevelt Jr., influence of, 323, 385, 414
unconditional surrender, goal of, 358–359
visit to Pearl Harbor, the Aleutians, and Washington, 401
war message to Congress after Pearl Harbor, 339–340
war strategy, direction of, 342–343, 352
at Warm Springs, Georgia, 429–431
Woodrow Wilson, influence of, 323, 326, 385, 414
at Yalta conference, 420–427
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Jr. (deceased son), 32, 33
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Jr. (son), 58, 125, 187, 331, 355, 368, 387, 413, 432
Roosevelt, Hall, 28, 32, 76
Roosevelt, James (father), 4–8, 10–11, 19, 60
Roosevelt, James Roosevelt (half-brother called “Rosy”), 6, 104
Roosevelt, James (son), 32, 84, 96, 98, 110–111, 124, 152, 153, 170, 187, 251, 368, 400–401, 413, 432
Roosevelt, John Aspinwall (son), 59, 125, 152, 368, 413, 432
Roosevelt, Kermit, 76, 369
Ro
osevelt, Quentin, 76, 77
Roosevelt, Sara Delano (mother), 3, 8, 19–20, 30, 32, 40, 58, 81, 98, 109, 334
Roosevelt, Taddy, 8
Roosevelt, Theodore III or Jr. (TR’s son “Ted”), 76, 77, 92, 112, 369
Roosevelt, Theodore Jr. (president; “TR,” “Teddy,” or “Teedie”), 9, 18, 21, 31, 37, 45, 54, 55, 60, 62, 70, 71, 83, 85, 116, 172, 283, 326, 385, 414
Roosevelt, Theodore Sr. (Eleanor’s grandfather and father of the president), 7
Root, Elihu, 51, 62, 71
Roper, Dan, 167
Roper, Elmo, 250
Rosenman, Samuel I., 128, 153, 159, 253, 322, 407, 427–428
Rural Electrification Administration (REA), 242–243, 268
Russia. See Soviet Union
Rutherfurd, Lucy Mercer. See Mercer, Lucy
Rutherfurd, Winthrop, 370
Rutledge, Wiley, 263
Ryan, Monseigneur John A., 414
Sague, John, 59
Schwab, Charles, 61
Scott, Tom, 5
Seabury, Samuel, 141, 143, 159
Securities and Exchange Commission, 215
Selassie, Emperor Haile, 426
Shaver, Clem, 116
Sheehan, William R., 42–44
Shepard, Edward, 42
Sheppard, Morris, 275
Sherwood, Robert E., 312, 322, 349, 366, 380, 425, 427, 432
Short, Walter, 337, 340
Shoumatoff, Elizabeth, 429, 431
Shouse, Jouett, 140, 150, 218
Sikorski, Wladyslaw, 379
Silver Purchase Act of 1934, 211
Simpson, John A., 184
Sims, William S., 87
Sinclair, Upton, 216, 223
Smith, Alfred E. “Al,” 41, 42, 63, 76, 89, 108, 110, 113, 124, 126, 127, 139–140, 150–152, 162, 219
Smith, Ellison D. “Cotton Ed,” 214, 251, 275, 299
Smith, Gerald L. K., 251
Smith, James, 43
Smith-Connally Act of 1943 (War Labor Disputes Act), 364
Smoot-Hawley tariff, 147, 162, 212
Snell, Bertrand, 178
Snyder, Timothy, 384
Social Security Act of 1935, 181, 240–241
Socialist Party, 223
Sohier, Alice, 26, 29
Soil Conservation Act of 1935, 249
Souvestre, Marie, 27–28
Soviet Union, 285, 289, 300, 303, 348–349, 377, 405–406, 418, 425, 429
Spanish Civil War, 293–294
Spanish influenza epidemic, 79
Spellman, Archbishop Francis, 385–386, 424
Spring-Rice, Sir Cecil, 57
Springwood, 6, 19, 31
St. Lawrence Seaway, 131
Stalin, Josef
accusation of betrayal by British and US, 430
at Casablanca conference, 357
Churchill, conference with about spheres of influence, 405–406
Churchill’s view of, 380–381
demands for US assistance, 348, 353–354, 379
denial of execution of Polish officers, 379
as dictator of Soviet Union, 285
Harry Hopkins’s impression of, 331
personal traits, 435–436
political beliefs of, 386, 421
Roosevelt, relationship with, 354
Roosevelt’s description of, 395
Roosevelt’s view of, 330, 380–381, 385, 386, 418–419, 421
at Teheran conference, 372, 390–394, 402–403
view of world, 380–381
at Yalta conference, 422–426, 435
Stark, Harold, 331, 337
Steagall, Henry, 178
Steinhardt, Laurence, 330
Stettinius, Edward R. Jr., 306, 361, 416, 422, 428
Stilwell, Joseph “Vinegar Joe,” 388
Stimson, Henry L., 133, 285, 292, 307, 337, 351, 364, 404
Stone, Harlan Fisk, 234, 248, 264, 413
Straight, Dorothy Whitney, 270
Straus, Jesse, 135, 145
Suckley, Daisy, 332, 333, 370, 374, 375, 429, 431, 432
Sullivan, Tim, 41, 45
Sulzer, William, 62
Sumners, Hatton, 261
Supreme Court, 206, 233, 234–235, 235, 248
Sutherland, George, 233, 235
Swanson, Claude, 166–167
Taft, Robert A., 308, 328
Taft, William Howard, 36, 38, 226
Talmadge, Herman, 276
Tammany Hall, 40–48, 62–63, 89, 119, 138, 140–143, 158–159
Taylor, Frederick, 60
Teapot Dome scandal, 112
Temporary National Economic Committee, 273
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 181, 243, 268
Thomas, Norman, 223
Thompson, Malvina “Tommy,” 253
Tito, Josip Broz, 423
Tobin, Dan, 409
Tojo Hideki, 336
Townsend, Francis, 223–224, 228, 241, 251
Truman, Harry S., 244, 268, 398–400, 406, 413, 417, 428, 431–432, 435
Truth in Securities Act of 1933, 187
Tugwell, Rexford G., 145, 158, 169, 171, 184, 195, 197–200, 208, 211, 229, 231
Tully, Grace, 127, 152, 169, 372, 429, 431
Tumulty, Joseph “Joe,” 59, 244
Turkey, 64
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 23
Turner, Richmond Kelly, 331
Tuttle, Charles, 133
Tydings, Millard, 274, 275, 310
Union Party, 251
United Auto Workers (UAW), 265, 328
United Mine Workers, 363
United Nations Organization, 345, 423, 431
United States Steel Corporation, 266
Utility lobby, investigation of, 243–244
Van Devanter, Willis, 233, 262–263
Van Nuys, Frederick, 275
Van Wagner, Elmer, 318
Vandenberg, Arthur, 250, 274, 308
Vargas, Getulio, 288, 359
Versailles, Treaty of, 85, 86
Victor Emanuel, King, 378
Volstead Act (National Prohibition Act of 1919). See Prohibition
Voroshilov, Kliment, 392
Wadsworth, James, 314
Wagner, Robert F., 41, 63, 119, 232, 410
Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act of 1935), 239–240
Wagner-Steagall Housing Act of 1937, 264
Wainwright, Jonathan, 346
Walker, Frank, 145
Walker, James “Jimmy,” 140–141, 143, 158–159
Wallace, Henry A., 166–167, 184, 197–199, 215, 230–231, 310–311, 366, 398–400, 413, 416–417
Wallace, Henry C., 168
Walsh, Thomas J., 111, 116, 119, 149–150, 152, 166–167
War debt payments, 189–190, 212–213
War Industries Board, 200, 201
Warm Springs, Georgia, 101–106, 214, 247, 431
Warren, Charles, 208
Watson, Edwin “Pa,” 331, 375, 419, 427
Wealth Tax Act of 1935, 244
Weiss, Carl Adams, 247
Weizmann, Chaim, 382
Welles, Sumner, 321, 331, 338
Wheeler, Burton K., 168, 223, 243, 261, 262, 268, 328
White, William Allen, 221, 313
White, William (journalist), 309
Wilbur, Ray Lyman, 194
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 22
Williams, Aubrey, 196
Willkie, Wendell, 151, 243, 308–309, 313–316, 324, 328, 335, 407
Wilson, Woodrow
accomplishments of, 63, 69–70
election as president, 47, 4
9
election to New Jersey state senate, 42
failure to support Roosevelt’s senate seat bid, 62
German U-boat activity, protest of, 67
illness of, 86, 88, 90
League of Nations, plan for, 82, 83
neutrality, insistence on, 65, 67–68
at Paris peace conference, 82
“peace without victory” speech, 70–71
reaction to 1913 crisis with Japan, 55
reelection as president, 70
Roosevelt, influence on, 45–46, 172, 283, 323, 326, 385, 414
support of by Roosevelt, 46–47
Winant, John G., 350
Wisconsin Progressive Party, 223
Wise, Stephen S., 143
Wood, Leonard, 71, 75
Woodin, William, 145, 166–167, 177, 178, 208, 210
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 181, 249–250, 272, 275
World Court, 225, 287
World Economic Conference (1933), 189–191, 212
World War I
American assessment of, 284
American merchant ships, arming of, 71
antisubmarine craft, development of, 74–75
armistice, 80
battleships, importance of, 51–52
Central Power alliance, 64
destroyers, convoy duty by, 74–75
Europe, 1914, 64
German U-boat activity, 67–68, 71
Italy’s refusal to deploy battleship fleet, 78
Jewish refugees, 294
Lusitania, sinking of, 67
Mexico, Germany’s overtures to, 71
Naval Railway Guns, use of, 79
North Sea mine barrage, Roosevelt’s plan for, 75
Paris peace conference, 82
US-German relations, deterioration of, 68
US declaration of war on Germany, 71
US neutrality, proclamation of, 65–68
US rationale for entering war, 72
World War II, prewar international situation
Anti-Comintern Pact, 1936, 290
in China, 293
European democracies, 284
in Italy, 285, 298
in Japan, 285–286, 290, 293, 298
Jewish refugees, 294, 298
in Nazi Germany, 285, 294–296
in Soviet Union, 285, 289
Soviet Union-Germany nonaggression pact, 300
in Spain, 293–294, 298
World War II, prelude to
Bismarck, sinking of, 326–327
civilian defense apparatus, organization of, 327
Germany, attacks on US ships, 334–335
Germany, bombing of England by, 320
Germany, occupation of northern European nations by, 294, 296, 298, 300, 304
Germany, offensive against Soviet Union, 330, 341, 377
Hawaii, warning of attack by Japan, 337
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