Hitlerland

by Nagorski, Andrew

Dietrich, Marlene, 10

  Dietrich, Otto, 283

  Dilling, Elizabeth, 231–32

  Dillon, Vivian, 61

  Döblin, Alfred, 78

  Dodd, Bill, 121, 134, 135, 136, 145, 156, 159

  Dodd, Martha, 120–21, 130–36, 141, 155–56, 159–60, 177–85, 193, 209, 215, 217–19, 296, 325–26

  Dodd, William E., 120–22, 126–27, 129, 135, 137–41, 156, 157, 159–60, 179, 180, 181, 190, 205, 209, 215–19, 234–35

  Dollfuss, Engelbert, 158–59, 164

  Drang nach Osten (“Drive to the East”), 225

  Drey, Paul, 27–28, 43

  Drottningholm, 322

  Drummond-Hay, Lady, 57

  Drummond-Hay, Robert Hay, 57

  DuBois, W. E. B., 6, 193–94

  Dyer, Jane, 278

  East Prussia, 70–71, 259

  Ebbutt, Norman, 136, 231

  Eberstadt, Ferdinand, 63–64

  Eddy, Sherwood, 141–43

  Einstein, Albert, 10, 49

  Elmer Gantry (Lewis), 56

  Embassy, Soviet, 181–82

  Embassy, U.S., 5, 7, 11–16, 49–50, 62–63, 70, 95, 103, 118–22, 159, 172, 199–200, 215–19, 230–41, 244, 245–46, 252, 253, 257, 260, 262–67, 276, 277–79, 296, 298, 300–301, 302, 303–4, 307, 312, 313, 316–22, 325

  Enderis, Guido, 286

  Europe, Central, 8, 93, 152, 298–99

  Every Man Dies Alone (Fallada), 183

  Experiment in International Living, 144

  Express Poranny, 151

  Facts of Life, The (Smith), 26

  Fallada, Hans, 85, 182–83

  Familienblatt, 122

  Farrar, John, 83–84

  fascism, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 106, 144–49

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 314

  Flanner, Janet, 192

  Flannery, Henry, 286, 291–92, 301, 303

  Foe We Face, The (Huss), 309–10

  Ford, Henry, 28, 41, 60–61

  Foreign Affairs, 55, 113, 114, 115

  Foreign Ministry, German, 107, 114, 123, 136, 179, 233, 272, 289, 293, 305, 314, 316, 317

  Foreign Policy Association, 104, 110, 229

  Foreign Press Association, 101, 122, 123, 126, 127, 128

  “For the Best Personal Life History of an Adherent of the Hitler Movement,” 147–49

  France:

  appeasement policy of, 235, 239–40, 254–55

  defeat of, 257, 287–88, 289

  German relations with, 5, 80–81, 139, 140, 154, 171, 199–200, 217, 282, 283

  military forces of, 80–81, 116

  Polish invasion and, 261, 265, 266, 267, 269, 273

  in World War II, 257, 261, 267, 272, 282

  Frankfurt, 317, 319, 321

  Freisler, Roland, 270

  Frick, Wilhelm, 189

  Friday, David, 63

  Friedrich Wilhelm, Crown Prince, 18–19

  Frodel, Captain, 213–14

  Fromm, Bella, 65–67, 92–94, 105, 131–132, 142, 159, 162–63, 176–77, 205, 209–10

  Furtwängler, Wilhelm, 47

  Gandhi, Mohandas K., 161

  Garmisch, 164–65

  Gdynia, 259, 267

  Geist, Raymond, 191

  German Americans, 18–19, 29–32, 35, 38, 130, 141–42

  German Expressionism, 47–48

  German language, 14, 38, 62, 100, 104, 121, 122, 126, 141, 163, 242, 279

  German Nationalists, 54, 55, 105–6

  German Olympic Committee, 189

  German-Polish nonaggression pact (1934), 253

  Germany, Nazi:

  agriculture in, 146, 312

  arrests and imprisonments in, 54, 105, 106, 109, 110, 122–24, 125, 127–28, 156, 263–65, 271–72, 290–91, 296–298, 305–7, 313–22

  Austrian unification, see Anschluss

  birth rate of, 270, 291–92

  bombing of, 224, 244–45, 292, 300–301, 320

  book burnings in, 107, 147

  British relations with, 69, 169, 217, 254, 256, 258, 261, 282, 283, 284

  casualties of, 262, 268–69, 273, 301–2

  censorship in, 226–28, 271–72, 284, 304–8, 318, 319–20

  culture of, 10–11, 20, 46–53, 56, 65–67, 118, 145–49, 153–54, 162, 175–76, 308–9, 315–16

  disillusionment with, 205–6, 221–25, 230–33, 244–46, 255

  eastward expansion of, 225, 229, 237

  economy of, 115, 137, 146, 166, 199, 224, 274, 290, 296, 312

  executions in, 165, 297–98, 307

  foreign visitors to, 222–25, 230–31, 241–46, 270–72

  French relations with, 5, 80–81, 139, 140, 154, 171, 199–200, 217, 282, 283

  international criticism of, 132–36, 141–154, 164–68, 171–72, 205–6, 231–32

  military preparations of, 153–54, 196–207, 221–22, 230, 237–38, 246–51, 256–58, 261, 280–81, 327

  morale in, 266–67, 269, 274–78, 280–281, 289–91, 301–2

  nationalism in, 230–31

  plebiscite in, 164, 169–70, 176

  Poland invaded by, 80–81, 116, 151–52, 246, 248, 257–74, 284, 301

  press coverage in, 106–8, 109, 113–18, 122, 135–36, 188–96, 259, 260–61, 279, 301

  propaganda in, 107, 123–24, 128, 145, 158, 171, 172–75, 188–96, 200–209, 224, 232–33, 259, 262–63, 269, 272, 274–75, 279–82, 284, 289–96, 301, 305, 306, 312

  rationing in, 165, 257, 261, 271, 273, 275–77, 280, 290, 318

  secret police in, 106, 109, 122, 163, 167–168, 171–72, 243–44; see also Gestapo

  Soviet intelligence on, 181–84, 197, 296–98, 325–26

  Soviet Union compared with, 150, 166, 182, 260, 274

  Soviet Union invaded by, 66, 229, 291, 295, 297, 298–300, 309–12

  surveillance in, 143–44, 171–72, 196–97, 269–70, 271, 276, 296–98, 305–7

  U.S. apologists for, 292–96, 324

  U.S. citizens attacked in, 109–10, 138, 139–40, 145

  U.S. correspondents in, 1–2, 4, 6, 65–67, 73, 122–29, 132–34, 158, 163–68, 172–75, 208–9, 225–28, 269–71, 275, 284–85, 304–10, 313–22, 324–25

  U.S. diplomats in, 113–14, 118–20, 137–41, 159–60, 196–207, 215–19, 230–35, 252–53, 275, 313–22

  U.S. intelligence on, 196–207, 216, 246–251, 280–81, 298–99

  U.S. relations with, 108–12, 118–22, 137–41, 166, 168–69, 181, 189–94, 200, 210–11, 215–19, 222–25, 230–238, 245–46, 252–53, 261, 280–81, 292, 326–27

  in World War II, see World War II

  see also Nazis, Nazi Party

  Germany, Weimar, see Weimar Republic

  Germany Puts the Clock Back (Mowrer), 100, 122, 251–52

  Germany Will Try It Again (Schultz), 2, 291

  Gestapo, 127–28, 156–57, 180–81, 263–265, 269–70, 280, 290–91, 296–98, 302–7, 314–16, 319, 322

  Gibbs, Philip, 153–54

  Gleiwitz, 262, 268

  Goebbels, Joseph, 79, 90–91, 107, 118, 123, 160, 166, 179, 189, 211–12, 242, 249, 271, 279–80, 290, 293, 324

  Goebbels, Magda, 179, 211

  Goering, Emmy Sonnemann, 172, 202–3

  Goering, Hermann, 43, 80, 150, 158, 166, 169, 172, 193, 200, 202–3, 205, 206–7, 214, 229, 242, 249, 265–66, 274–75, 283, 289, 324

  Goldman, Henry, 111

  Goldmann, Paul, 127–28

  Goldschmidt, Major, 227

  Gordon, George, 95

  Graf Zeppelin, 56–58

  Graszyn, 268–69

  Great Britain:

  appeasement policy of, 235, 239–40, 254–55

  German relations with, 69, 169, 217, 254, 256, 258, 261, 282, 283, 284

  Germany’s planned invasion of, 254, 256, 287, 298, 299

  Polish invasion and, 257, 258, 260, 265, 266, 267, 269, 273

  U.S. relations with, 2, 254, 274, 283, 284, 299, 310, 313

  in World War II, 257, 258, 260, 266, 267, 272, 274, 282, 298, 29
9, 310, 313, 320, 326

  Great Depression, 50, 63–67, 70, 77–78, 96, 118, 161, 220

  Greece, 298–99

  Grigg, Joseph, 268, 269

  Groener, Wilhelm, 103

  Grossman, Vasily, 312

  Grosz, George, 10, 49

  Gruenau, 316–17

  Gunther, John, 40, 257–58

  Haber, Fritz, 137

  Hague Convention, 287

  Halder, Franz, 239

  Halpern, Benjamin, 210

  Hamburg, 121, 122, 244, 274

  Hanfstaengl, Egon, 37, 44, 46, 326

  Hanfstaengl, Eric, 326

  Hanfstaengl, Ernst “Putzi,” 29–39, 41–46, 80, 81–83, 86, 101–4, 110, 115, 117, 133–36, 141, 146, 175, 176–78, 179, 196, 208–15, 295, 313, 323–24, 326

  Hanfstaengl, Helen (Helene) Niemeyer, 36–39, 43–46, 81–82, 212, 323–24, 326

  Hanfstaengl, Katharine Sedgwick, 30

  Hans (labor organizer), 77–78

  Harnack, Arvid, 182, 218, 296–97

  Harnack, Mildred, 182–83, 218, 296–98

  Harsch, Joseph, 270–72, 275, 280–81, 289–90, 298, 303–4, 309

  Harvard University, 29, 30–31, 33, 40–41, 86, 208, 210, 211, 222, 326

  Haushofer, Karl von, 93

  Hawley, Hudson, 135

  Hearst, William Randolph, 18, 19, 21, 56–58, 163, 171, 175–77, 193, 208, 209, 254

  Heath, Donald, 296, 300–301

  Hecht, Ben, 11, 32, 52, 59–60

  Hegger, Grace, 55–56

  Heidelberg, 79–80, 143–44, 221, 224

  Heidelberg University, 62

  Heine, William, 30

  Heines, Edmund, 157–58

  Helms, Richard, 175, 194, 325–26

  Hemingway, Ernest, 55, 107, 161

  Henderson, Nevile, 261, 265

  Heppler, Fritz, 303

  Hess, Rudolf, 80, 242, 249

  Himmler, Heinrich, 170, 242, 315

  Hindenburg, Paul von, 54–55, 75–76, 85, 93, 94–95, 97, 102, 104, 140, 157, 162, 164, 233

  Hitler, Adolf, 43–44, 88, 169–70, 236

  anti-Semitism of, 22, 24, 28, 33, 35, 37, 41, 60–61, 69, 85, 87, 96–101, 111–112, 149–50, 151, 225, 229, 250, 254, 310

  Armstrong’s interview with, 114–18

  arrest and imprisonment of, 34, 45–46, 53–55, 68, 81, 84, 97, 148, 323–24

  assassination plots against, 170, 174, 238–40, 249, 323

  background of, 21–22, 24, 36, 54, 82–83, 85, 87, 88, 174–75, 236

  Beer Hall Putsch led by, 41–46, 53, 55, 68, 96, 104, 148, 157, 158, 173, 212, 242–43, 323–24

  Berchtesgaden retreat of, 86–88

  Berlin visited by, 3, 11, 84–85, 101, 104–105, 176–78

  birthday of, 113, 115, 256

  bodyguards of, 170, 174, 177, 192

  as chancellor, 89–90, 94–106, 115–18, 146, 162–63

  death of, 288, 323–24

  as dictator, 3, 5, 6, 11, 22, 26, 71, 75–76, 84, 87–88, 90, 104–5, 114, 119–20, 138–39, 144–55, 162–63, 172–77, 205–6, 208, 220–22, 228–30, 232, 253–55, 265–66, 288, 308, 323–24

  Dodd’s meetings with, 138–41, 215

  economic programs of, 60, 68, 104–5, 115, 137, 146, 165–66

  Hanfstaengl’s support for, 33, 34–39, 43–46, 81–83, 84, 86, 101–2, 115, 117, 176–78, 208–15, 313, 323–24, 326

  Hearst’s meeting with, 175–77

  Hoover’s meeting with, 228–30

  Huss’s interviews with, 169–71, 309–10

  ideology of, 21, 35–36, 37, 41, 53–54, 60, 95, 97, 100–101, 111–12

  Iron Cross awarded to, 42, 236

  at Kaiserhof Hotel, 84–85, 101, 177–78

  Kaltenborn’s interview with, 86–88

  Kindlkeller speech of, 33, 34–36

  Lebensraum policy of, 93, 237, 250

  as “Little Man,” 85, 97, 100, 167–68

  McDonald’s meeting with, 111–12

  messianic adulation of, 149, 153, 164–65, 167–68, 173–74, 192, 197, 204, 288

  militarism of, 119–20, 125, 140, 152–54, 252–55, 327

  military offensives of, 251–55, 261, 265–66, 267, 279–82, 284–88, 289, 298–300, 309–12

  military service of, 21–22

  monologues of, 80–81, 85, 87–88, 96, 115–18, 138–39, 228–29, 230

  in Munich, 3, 20–29, 33–39, 40, 41–46, 67–70, 92, 140–41

  as Nazi leader, 3–4, 20–29, 32–33, 41–46, 53–55, 73, 74–77, 80–81, 87–95, 100, 119–20, 127, 141, 142, 149, 162, 169, 172–75, 208, 242–43, 265–66, 275, 288, 305, 323–24

  at Nuremberg rallies, 172–75, 176

  Obersalzberg chalet of, 169–71

  as orator, 22, 24, 33, 34–36, 37, 40, 53–54, 76, 95, 119–20, 253, 265–66, 289–90, 312–13, 316

  Papen’s relationship with, 89, 94–95, 104–5

  parliamentary democracy opposed by, 68–69, 87–88, 96–97, 146–47, 222, 226, 229, 253–54

  peace proposals of, 116, 119–20, 124, 140, 146, 151–52, 154, 226, 273, 282, 289–90

  personality of, 3–4, 21–22, 23, 24, 26, 33–39, 40, 42, 75, 80, 81–82, 83, 85, 87–88, 100–101, 108–9, 112, 116, 169–71, 174–75, 177–79, 208, 228–29, 230, 233–34, 236, 254, 282, 288, 309–10

  photographs of, 138, 236, 282, 294, 315

  physical appearance of, 21, 34, 40, 85, 112, 115–16, 138, 173–74, 178–79, 236, 265, 282

  political comeback of, 64, 67–88, 96–97, 100–101

  political repression by, 89–95, 105–10, 119–20, 122–29, 139, 141–60, 165–67

  as politician, 3–4, 20–29, 70–71, 73, 75–77, 79, 238–40, 254–55, 288

  popular support for, 75, 97, 99–101, 238, 269–70, 275, 280–81, 282, 288, 289–90, 308–9

  press coverage of, 20–22, 24–25, 33, 36, 39–40, 41, 42, 46, 60, 67–70, 71, 74–75, 82–86, 95–98, 101, 114–18, 139, 254

  rearmament program of, 74, 75, 116, 119–20, 140, 146, 152, 196–207, 221–22

  as revolutionary extremist, 41–46, 53–54, 71, 81, 82, 84, 87–88, 94–95, 97, 112, 157, 162–63, 166–67, 170–71, 206

  Rhineland occupation ordered by, 251–52

  rise to power of, 3–4, 20–29, 33–39, 46, 71, 73, 74–75, 84, 89–112, 144–49, 157, 233, 323–24, 327

  rivals eliminated by, 76–77, 155–63

  Sackett’s meeting with, 80–81

  sexuality of, 44, 75, 81–82, 177–78

  Smith’s meetings with, 7, 22–26, 27, 32–33, 35, 196, 197–98, 281

  suicide attempt of, 45, 46, 212, 323–24

  tantrums and tirades of, 228–29, 230

  territorial ambitions of, 80, 171, 237, 238–40, 279–80

  Thompson’s interview with, 83–86, 164

  underestimation of, 83–88, 89, 90, 96–97

  U.S. as viewed by, 2, 8, 56, 60, 210–11

  Versailles Treaty denounced by, 80, 96, 116, 138–39, 252, 287

  Welles’s meeting with, 281–82

  Wiegand’s meetings with, 20–22, 67–70, 71, 254

  at Wolf’s Lair, 309–10

  women as followers of, 35, 97–98, 130–141, 153–54, 173, 177–81, 192–93, 195, 196, 201, 231–32, 291–92

  Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth), 153, 224, 290, 294

  “Hitlerland,” 169, 284, 292, 300, 309

  Hitler’s Reich: The First Phase (Armstrong), 117–18

  Hoetzsch, Otto, 137

  Hoffmann, Rolf, 232

  Holocaust, 3, 7–8, 29, 60, 117, 123–24, 143, 180, 196, 212, 213, 271, 290–91, 308

  homosexuality, 52–53, 75, 82, 157–58, 196, 290–91

  Hoover, Herbert, 6, 118, 228–30, 237

  Hopkins, Harry, 283

  “Horst Wessel Song,” 135, 233, 242–43

  Hottelet, Richard, 272, 305–7

  Houghton, Alanson B., 20, 22, 27, 49–50, 62

  How I Became a Socialist (Keller), 107

  Huber, Erwin, 195
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  Hugenberg, Alfred, 104–5

  Hughes, Charles Evans, 27

  Hull, Cordell, 191, 237, 239, 240

  Hungary, 298–99

  Huss, Pierre, 169–71, 286, 288, 305, 309–10

  hyperinflation, 9, 41–42, 49, 65, 91

  I Have a Thing to Tell You (Wolfe), 185–87

  Illustrierter Beobachter, 98

  Inside Europe (Gunther), 258

  International Jew, 60

  International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU), 77

  International News Service, 39–40, 132, 169, 193, 286, 305, 309

  I Saw Hitler! (Thompson), 84–86

  Isherwood, Christopher, 11

  Italy, 21, 26, 47, 106, 161, 223, 270–71, 280

  It Can’t Happen Here (Lewis), 168–69

  Jäckh, Ernst, 114

  Japan, 126, 127, 128, 312–13

  Jarrett, Eleanor Holm, 192–93

  Jefferson, Thomas, 137, 138

  Jeschke’s Grand Hotel, 317–18

  Jesus Christ, 164–65, 174, 204

  Jews:

  as emigrants from Germany, 227–28, 245–46, 263–65, 272, 296, 321

  persecution of, 108, 110–11, 225, 227–228, 237, 243–46, 263–65, 271, 272, 296, 302–4, 307, 308, 316, 321, 327

  in U.S., 78–79, 189–91, 210

  in Weimar Germany, 61–62, 65, 66, 78–79, 91–92

  see also anti-Semitism; Holocaust

  Jodl, Alfred, 248

  Jodl, Ferdinand, 248

  Johnson, Philip, 6, 52–53

  Jordan, Max, 241

  Josten, Rudi, 192

  Judas, 164–65

  Justice Department, U.S., 31–32

  Kahr, Gustav von, 158

  Kaiserhof Hotel, 84–85, 101, 177–78

  Kaltenbach, Adolph, 293–94

  Kaltenbach, Frederick, 293–94, 295

  Kaltenborn, Hans V., 86–88, 109–10, 293

  Kaltenborn, Rolf, 109–10

  Kapp, Wolfgang, 12

  Kapp Putsch, 12, 16

  Kastner, Colonel, 213

  Keller, Helen, 107

  Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 62

  Kennan, George, 3, 4, 273, 274, 275, 277, 303–4, 311, 312, 313, 316, 317, 318, 319–21

  Kennedy, John F., 222–23, 295–96

  Kennedy, Joseph P., Sr., 223, 253–54

  Keyes, Enid, 71–74

  Kiepura, Jan, 177

  Kirk, Alexander, 273, 276, 281, 289, 301, 304

  Klausener, Erich, 167

  Klieforth, Alfred, 80, 104

  Knickerbocker, Hubert Renfro, 39–40, 46, 55, 67, 73–75, 77, 105, 106, 107, 110, 123–24, 127, 129, 149–54, 174, 257

  Knilling, Eugen von, 23

  Knox, Frank, 126, 128–29

  Koenig, Theodore, 199, 201, 204

  Korotkov, Alexander, 297

  Kress von Kressenstein, Friedrich Freiherr, 24