Jane's Fame

by Claire Harman

  Notes - Chapter 7: Jane Austen™

  1. CH, vol. 1, p. 225.

  2. Charnes, p. 2.

  3. CR, vol. 5, p. 105.

  4. Cecil (1948), p. 121.

  5. CR, vol. 1, p. 214.

  6. CH, vol. 2, p. 41.

  7. Included in E. C. Bentley’s Biography for Beginners (London, 1905), no page numbers.

  8. Emma, p. 468.

  9. Mansfield, vol. 4, p. 339.

  10. Michiko Kakutani, ‘New Romance novels are just what their readers ordered’, New York Times, 11 August 1980, C13.

  11. CH, vol. 2, p. 277.

  12. George Sampson in The Bookman, quoted in CH, vol. 2, p. 101.

  13. Raleigh, p. 471.

  14. CH, vol. 2, p. 240.

  15. In Watt, p. 92.

  16. Emma, p. 352.

  17. P&P, p. 277.

  18. Sleeve notes, Bridget Jones’s Diary DVD, Miramax, 2001.

  19. New York Times, 23 February 2004.

  20. Quoted by Zoe Williams in her article ‘Keep Jane Plain’, Guardian Weekend, 27 May 2006.

  21. Quoted in Garber, pp. 206–7.

  22. Rosie Millard, ‘Sex and sensibility work wonders, dear Jane’, Sunday Times, 30 December 2007.

  23. Carol McDaid interviewing Colin Firth, Independent, 9 June 2000.

  24. Letter to Cassandra Austen, 8–11 April 1805, Letters, p. 99.

  25. Denise Winterman, ‘Jane Austen: Why the Fuss?’ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6426195.stm.

  26. Quoted in Parrill, p. 3

  27. Thompson, p. 210.

  28. Julian Barnes, Observer, 13 November 1983.

  29. Laurie Rigler, interviewed on a publisher’s website: http://us.penguingroup.com/static/html/romance/janeaustenaddict. html.

  30. Thread on The Archers Message Board, September 2006, www.bbc.co.uk/dna/marchers.

  31. ‘Balancing the Courtship Hero: Masculine Emotional Display in Film Adaptations of Austen’s Novels’, in Troost and Greenfield, p. 24.

  32. ibid., p. 6.

  33. Todd (2005), p. 117.

  34. Cossy, p. 17.

  35. At the ‘Austen and Contemporary Literature and Culture’ conference, Chawton House, June 2007.

  36. ‘Revved-up Austen’, Radio Times, 17–23 March 2007.

  37. ‘Austen’s Power: Jane addiction sweeps theaters, bookstores’, USA Today, 2 August 2007.

  38. Mary Ann O’Farrell, ‘Austen and Contemporary Literature and Culture’ conference, Chawton House, June 2007.

  39. Quoted by Garber, p. 205.

  40. Andrew Norfolk, The Times, 17 March 2007, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1527806.ece.

  41. ibid.

  42. http://blog/wired.com/tableofmalcontents/2007/03/jane_austens_em.html.

  43. CH, vol. 2, p. 67.

  44. Record, pp. 232, 231 and 220.

  45. Todd (2005), p. 87.

  46. Memoir, pp. 188–9.

  47. Letters, p. 202.

  48. ibid., p. 268.

  49. CR, vol. 1, p. 258.

  50. April 1811, Letters, p. 182.

  51. CH, vol. 1, p. 242.

  52. Todd (2005), p. 290.

  53. Letters, p. 275.

  54. Todd (2005), p. 118.

  55. Harriet Martineau’s diary, October 1837, quoted in CH, vol. 2, p. 136.

  56. Hill, p. viii.

  57. CH, vol. 2, p. 168.

  58. http://austenprose.wordpress.com/2008/05/30/my-personal-austen-does-reading-austen-make-me-a-better-person/.

  59. Braudy, p. 15

  60. Trilling, p. 44.

  61. Memoir, p. 162.

  62.14–15 January 1796, Letters, p. 3.

  63. Forster, p. 153.

  64. CH, vol.2, p.41.

  Acknowledgments

  For the use of copyright materials and illustrations, and kind permission to quote from manuscripts in their collections, I would like to thank the National Portrait Gallery, London, Heinz Archive and Library (correspondence between R. W. Chapman and Henry Hake), Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, Stratford-on-Avon (Leigh family manuscripts), the British Library, London (Austen and Bentley papers), the Morgan Library, New York City (Austen collections), Hampshire Record Office, Winchester (Austen-Leigh papers), the Bodleian Library, Oxford (R. W. Chapman notes), the National Library of Scotland (John Murray archive), the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Berg Collection of the New York Public Library and Columbia University Library. I am particularly grateful to the President and Scholars of Saint John Baptist College in the University of Oxford for granting permission to reproduce George Austen’s letter to Thomas Cadell, and to the College Librarian, Catherine Hilliard, for showing me the manuscript and facilitating my request. I am also deeply indebted to Patrick O’Connor for his permission to let me use a previously unpublished image from his collection.

  Many individual members of staff at libraries, galleries and other institutions have been very generous with their time and expertise, and I would like to thank in particular David McClay, curator of the John Murray Archive in the National Library of Scotland, David Busby, Samantha Townsend, James Allen and Clive Hurst of the Bodleian Library, Emma Butterfield of the National Portrait Gallery, Elaine Lucas of the Victoria and Albert Museum, Emma Mee of the Design and Artists Copyright Society, David Abbott of IPC publications, Maria Molestina of the Morgan Library, and Tim Moreton of the Heinz Archive at the National Portrait Gallery, who very kindly showed me the silhouette in the collection labelled, ‘L’Aimable Jane’.

  The Jane Austen Memorial Trust, that does so much for Janeites everywhere, has been extremely kind in making material available to view and giving permission to reproduce several images. I am especially grateful to three members of staff at Jane Austen’s House Museum in Chawton, Ann Channon, Tom Carpenter and Louise West, who answered my queries at various times in the writing of this book with great cheerfulness and courtesy.

  Anyone writing about Jane Austen will owe a huge debt of gratitude to scholars past and present, and I am particularly indebted to David Gilson, Deirdre le Faye and Brian Southam, and to the current generation of editors and critics, Kathryn Sutherland, Claudia Johnson, Peter Sabor and Janet Todd. For their various helpful leads, contributions of information, hospitality and general encouragement I would like to thank John Carey, Terry Castle, Lindsay Duguid, Lyndall Gordon, Georgina Hammick, Helen Lefroy, Patrick O’Connor, Liza Picard, Henry and Anne Rice, Emmett and Pat Schlueter, Roger Swearingen, Ian Thomson and Marion Turner. Blakey Vermeule’s impersonation of Louisa Musgrave at Lyme Regis was a highlight of ‘research’, as was the very entertaining day I spent with Claudia Johnson, Clara Tuite and rest of the Janeite party who attended the auction of the Rice Portrait at Christie’s in New York in April 2007.

  I am more grateful than I can say to the Trustees of Chawton House Library who awarded me a fellowship in 2008, and enabled me to spend several delightful weeks in that beautiful and highly evocative Austen location. Librarian Jacqui Grainger was a wonderful guide to the treasures of the collection and research fellow Gillian Dow could not have been a better-informed, more lively or genial overseer. I would also like to thank Sandy Lerner, the inspired patron of the whole Chawton House project, and members of staff, past and present; Helen Scott, Emma Heywood, Sarah Cross, Steve Lawrence and Corinne Saint. Alan Bird and Sally Hughes and my charming fellow fellows Pauline Morris and Olivia Murphy made my sojourn at the Stables very happy.

  At Canongate Books, I have been privileged to work with Nick Davies, Dan Franklin, Stephanie Gorton, Jamie Byng, Anna Frame, Anya Serota and Andy Miller, all of whom have brought enormous energy and enthusiasm to this project. Annie Lee was a superb copy-editor whose expert eye prevented many of my initial howlers from getting into print and Elizabeth Sheinkman, my agent, has done all and more that I could have hoped for.

  I would also like to thank three dear young people, Charles, Isabel and Benedict Schmidt, and my mother Pat Harman, who kept a sharp eye out for Austen-related cutt
ings and very helpfully taped what seemed like dozens of TV adaptations of Austen novels. Love and thanks go to Paul Strohm, whose methods of composition are so different from my own, but who waited patiently for a glimpse of the manuscript and proved such an invaluable reader of it in the end. I also owe a huge debt of gratitude as well as of friendship to Mark Bostridge, whose idea this was in the first place, and to the most ardent and knowledgable Janeites among my friends, Sandie Byrne, Jacob Strohm and Marion Turner, whom I would most like to please.

  Abbreviations

  CH Brian Southam, Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage, 2 vols (London, 1968, reprinted 1995, and 1987).

  Complete Poems The Complete Poems of James Austen, ed. David Selwyn (Chawton, 2003).

  CR Collected Reports of the Jane Austen Society, 5 vols (Bristol): vol. 1, 1949–65; vol. 2, 1966–75; vol. 3, 1976–85; vol. 4, 1986–95; vol. 5, 1996–2000, with index 1949–2000. For the uncollected annual reports for individual years 2001–7, see below.

  Emma Jane Austen, Emma, ed. Richard Cronin and Dorothy McMillan (Cambridge, 2005).

  Gilson David Gilson, A Bibliography of Jane Austen (1892; corrected edition, Winchester, 1997).

  Juvenilia Jane Austen, Juvenilia, ed. Peter Sabor (Cambridge, 2006).

  Letters Deirdre Le Faye (ed.), Jane Austen’s Letters, 3rd edition (Oxford, 1995).

  Memoir James Edward Austen-Leigh, A Memoir of Jane Austen and Other Family Recollections, ed. Kathryn Sutherland (Oxford, 2002).

  MP Jane Austen, Mansfield Park, ed. John Wiltshire (Cambridge, 2006).

  MW Jane Austen, Minor Works, ed. R. W. Chapman (Oxford, 1954).

  NA Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, ed. Barbara Benedict and Deirdre Le Faye (Cambridge, 2006).

  P&P Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, ed. John Wiltshire (Cambridge, 2006).

  Persuasion Jane Austen, Persuasion, ed. Janet Todd and Antje Blank (Cambridge, 2006).

  Record Deirdre Le Faye, Jane Austen: A Family Record, 2nd edition (Cambridge, 2004).

  Report Uncollected annual reports of the Jane Austen Society, 2001–7 (Bristol, 2001–7).

  S&S Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility, ed. Edward Copeland (Cambridge, 2006).

  Manuscript Sources

  Bodleian Library, Oxford: Jane Austen, ‘Volume the First’, MS Don. e.7; R. W. Chapman, ‘Jane Austen Files’, MS Eng. Misc. c. 924; notes, MS Don. d.81; letter to Ethel Sidgwick, MSS Eng. Lett. c. 471, f. 143; letter to Bertram Dobell, MS Dobell c. 6, ff. 221–4.

  British Library, London: Jane Austen, Letters and Papers (including letters by Jane Austen, Henry Austen, Richard Crosby, ‘Opinions’ of Mansfield Park and Emma), add. 41253; correspondence of the Cooke and Leigh families, add. 38457, add. 38233; Bentley Papers, add. 46611, add. 46618, add. 46626; Hastings Papers, add. 29174; Letters to Frances Burney (d’Arblay), Egerton 3698.

  Chawton House Library, Chawton, Hampshire: Jane Austen, manuscript of ‘Sir Charles Grandison’, item 792.

  Hampshire Record Office, Winchester: correspondence about the Jane Austen Library Fund 1918–52, 71M82/PW2/1; Austen and Austen-Leigh Papers, 23M93.

  Morgan Library, New York: letters by Jane Austen, Cassandra Austen, Charles Austen, James Austen, Henry Austen, Augustus Austen-Leigh, William Austen-Leigh, R. W. Chapman et al., MA1034, MA1958, MA2911, MA3610, MA4500; manuscript pages of ‘The Watsons’, MA1034.

  National Portrait Gallery, London, Heinz Archive: file of correspondence between R. W. Chapman and Henry Hake, 1932–48.

  New York Public Library, New York, Berg Collection: a collection of 271 letters to various members of the Burney family, etc., MS m.b. (Arblay).

  Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Records Office, Stratford: Mary Leigh, ‘History of the Leigh Family’ with a note on the author by the Rev. Thomas Leigh, manuscript and typescript copy. DR 671/77 and 77a.

  Select Bibliography

  Adams, Oscar Fay, The Story of Jane Austen’s Life (Chicago, 1891).

  Anon., ‘Jane Austen and her biographers’, Church Quarterly Review 56 (1903), pp. 344–68.

  Aspinall, A. (ed.), Letters of the Princess Charlotte 1811–1817 (London, 1949).

  Auden, W. H., Collected Poems, ed. Edward Mendelson (New York, 2007).

  Austen, Caroline, My Aunt Jane Austen: A Memoir (Winchester, 1952).

  [Austen, James et al.], The Loiterer: A Periodical Work First Published at Oxford in the Years 1789 and 1790 (Dublin, 1792).

  Austen, Jane, Catharine and other writings, ed. Margaret Anne Doody and Douglas Murray (Oxford, 1993).

  Austen, Jane, Pride and Prejudice, edited with an introduction, etc. by K. M. Metcalfe (Oxford, 1912).

  Austen, Jane, Sanditon: An Unfinished Novel by Jane Austen, Reproduced in Facsimile from the Manuscript in the Possession of King’s College, Cambridge. Introduction by B. C. Southam (Oxford and London, 1975).

  Austen-Leigh, James Edward, Fugitive Pieces: Trifles Light as Air: The Poems of James Edward Austen-Leigh, ed. David Selwyn (Winchester, 2006).

  Austen-Leigh, Mary Augusta, Personal Aspects of Jane Austen (London, 1920).

  Austen-Leigh, R. A. (ed.), Austen Papers 1704–1856 (London, 1942).

  Austen-Leigh, William and Richard A., Life and Letters of Jane Austen (London, 1913).

  Austen-Leigh, William and Knight, Montague, Chawton Manor and its Owners (London, 1911).

  Bautz, Annika, The Reception of Jane Austen and Walter Scott: A Comparative Longitudinal Study (London, 2007).

  Bien, Peter, L. P. Hartley (London, 1963).

  Brabourne, Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen (ed.), Letters of Jane Austen, edited with an introduction by Edward Brabourne, with a new introduction by David Gilson (London, 1994).

  Braudy, Leo, The Frenzy of Renown: Fame and its History (Oxford, 1986).

  Brinton, Sybil G., Old Friends and New Fancies: An Imaginary Sequel to the Novels of Jane Austen (London, 1913).

  Brydges, Samuel Egerton, Sonnets and other Poems; with a Versification of The Six Bards of Ossian (London, 1785).

  Brydges, Samuel Egerton, Arthur Fitz-Albini: A Novel. In two volumes (London, 1798).

  Brydges, Samuel Egerton, Mary de Clifford: A Story, Interspersed with Many Poems, 2nd edition (London, 1811).

  Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, Bt, The Autobiography, Times, Opinions and Contemporaries of Sir Egerton Brydges, 2 vols (London, 1834).

  Burney, Frances, The Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney (Madame d’Arblay) 1791–1840, ed. Joyce Hemlow et al., 12 vols (Oxford, 1972–84).

  Bussby, Frederick, Jane Austen in Winchester (Winchester, 1975).

  Butler, Marilyn, Jane Austen and the War of Ideas (Oxford, 1975).

  Byrne, Sandie, Jane Austen – Mansfield Park: A Reader’s Guide to Essential Criticism (Basingstoke, 2004).

  Carrington, Charles, Rudyard Kipling: His Life and Work (London, 1955).

  Castle, Terry, Boss Ladies, Watch Out!: Essays on Women, Sex and Writing (London, 2002).

  Cecil, David, Poets and Storytellers (London, 1948).

  Cecil, David, A Portrait of Jane Austen (London, 1978).

  Chapman, R. W., Portrait of a Scholar and Other Essays Written in Macedonia 1916–18 (Oxford, 1920).

  Chapman, R. W., ‘A Jane Austen collection’, TLS, 14 January 1926.

  Chapman, R. W., ‘Jane Austen and her publishers’, London Mercury, vol. xxii (1930), pp. 337–42.

  Chapman, R. W. (ed.), Jane Austen’s Letters to her Sister Cassandra and Others, 2 vols (Oxford, 1932).

  Chapman, R. W., Jane Austen: Facts and Problems (Oxford, 1948).

  Chapman, R. W., Jane Austen: A Critical Bibliography (Oxford, 1953).

  Chapman, R. W. et al., Book Collecting: Four Broadcast Talks (Cambridge, 1950).

  Charnes, Linda, Notorious Identity: Materializing the Subject in Shakespeare (Cambridge, Mass., 1993).

  Churchill, W. S., The Second World War, vol. V: Closing the Ring (London, 1952).

  Clark, Lorna J. (ed.), The Letters of Sarah Harriet Burney (Athens and London, 1997).r />
  Coleman, Terry, The Only True History: Collected Interviews and Other Pieces (London, 1969).

  Coleridge, Sara, Memoirs and Letters of Sara Coleridge, 2 vols (London, 1873).

  [Cooke, Cassandra], Battleridge: An Historical Tale, Founded on Facts, by a Lady of Quality (London, 1799).

  Cooper, Rev. Edward, Practical and Familiar Sermons, Designed for Parochial and Domestic Instruction, 3rd edition, 1815.

  Cooper, Rev. Edward, The Crisis; or, An Attempt to Shew from Prophecy; Illustrated by the Signs of the Times, the Prospects and the Duties of the Church of Christ at the Present Period. With an Inquiry into the Probable Destiny of England during the Predicted Desolations of the Papal Kingdoms (London and Edinburgh, 1825).

  Cooper, James Fenimore, Precaution, new revised edition, Bentley’s Standard Novels no. 74 (London, 1838).

  Copeland, Edward and McMaster, Juliet, The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen (Cambridge, 1997).

  Cossy, Valérie, Jane Austen in Switzerland: A Study of the Early French Translations (Geneva, 2006).

  Dowden, Wilfred S. et al. (eds), The Journal of Thomas Moore,6 vols (New Jersey, 1983–91).

  Dunaway, David King, Huxley in Hollywood (London, 1989).

  Edlmann, Edith, ‘A girl’s opinion on Jane Austen’, Temple Bar 94 (1892), pp. 343–50.