Saving Us
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young people who are anxious Marvin Helferich, Rouven Doran, Daniel Hanss, and Jana Kohler, “Associations Between Climate Change–Related Efficacy Beliefs, Social Norms, and Climate Anxiety Among Young People in Germany,” presented at EARA (European Association for Research on Adolescence) Conference, 2020.
affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill John Kaufman, Zachary Goldman, Danielle Sharpe, Amy Wolkin, and Matthew Gribble, “Mechanisms of Resiliency Against Depression Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill,” Journal of Environmental Psychology 65 (2019): 101329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101329.
Lisa Altieri’s BrightAction https://brightaction.app/.
connecting with others imbues us Kathryn Doherty and Thomas Webler, “Social Norms and Efficacy Beliefs Drive the Alarmed Segment’s Public-Sphere Climate Actions,” Nature Climate Change 6 (2016): 879–884, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3025.
CHAPTER 19
“Eating organic is nice” David Wallace-Wells, The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming (New York: Tim Duggan Books, 2019).
climate scientists who take their own carbon footprint Shahzeen Attari, David Krantz, and Elke Weber, “Climate Change Communicators’ Carbon Footprints Affect Their Audience’s Policy Support,” Climatic Change 154 (2019): 529–545, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02463-0.
washing your clothes in cold water Pierre Delforge, “Home Idle Load: Devices Wasting Huge Amounts of Electricity When Not in Active Use,” National Resources Defense Council Issue Paper, July 14, 2015, https://www.nrdc.org/resources/home-idle-load-devices-wasting-huge-amounts-electricity-when-not-active-use.
some $19 billion Pierre Delforge, “Home Idle Load: Devices Wasting Huge Amounts of Electricity When Not In Active Use,” National Resources Defense Council, July 14, 2015, https://www.nrdc.org/resources/home-idle-load-devices-wasting-huge-amounts-electricity-when-not-active-use.
a third of the food grown Project Drawdown, “Food Waste,” https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/reduced-food-waste, accessed September 2020.
people throw away enough food Jimmy Nguyen, USDA Food Waste Challenge Team, “Creative Solutions to Ending School Food Waste,” USDA, August 26, 2014, https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2014/08/26/creative-solutions-ending-school-food-waste.
Second Harvest estimates 58 percent Second Harvest, “The Avoidable Crisis of Food Waste,” https://secondharvest.ca/research/the-avoidable-crisis-of-food-waste/.
“It’ll actually dictate what I buy for dinner” “Food Waste: There’s an App for That (a Few, Actually),” CBC News, October 10, 2019, https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/what-on-earth-newsletter-thanksgiving-food-waste-app-1.5316720.
Eating lower down in the food chain Joseph Poore and Anthony Nemecek, “Reducing Food’s Environmental Impacts Through Producers and Consumers,” Science 360, no. 6392 (2018): 987–992, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq0216.
more than 30 billion Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “FAOSTAT: Live Animals,” (2019) http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QA.
Account for 14 percent United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Tackling climate change through livestock, October 21, 2014, http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/resources/en/publications/tackling_climate_change/index.htm.
Per kilogram Joseph Poore and Anthony Nemecek, “Reducing Food’s Environmental Impacts Through Producers and Consumers,” Science 360, no. 6392 (2018): 987–992, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq0216.
Broken Arrow Ranch https://brokenarrowranch.com/.
A Futurra start-up https://www.lovebugpetfood.com/.
Purina called RootLab Corinne Gretler and Deena Shankar, “Purina Wants to Feed Your Dog Crickets and Fish Heads,” Bloomberg, January 29, 2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-29/purina-wants-your-dog-to-save-the-planet-by-eating-fish-heads.
household garbage increased under coronavirus Yelena Dzhanova, “Sanitation Workers Battle Higher Waste Levels in Residential Areas as Coronavirus Outbreak Persists,” CNBC, May 16, 2020, https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/16/coronavirus-sanitation-workers-battle-higher-waste-levels.html.
supply chains for recycling were disrupted Scott Horsley, “ ‘Hard, Dirty Job’: Cities Struggle to Clear Garbage Glut in Stay-at-Home World,” Morning Edition, NPR, September 21, 2020, https://www.npr.org/2020/09/21/914029452/hard-dirty-job-cities-struggle-to-clear-garbage-glut-in-stay-at-home-world.
the highest-impact personal carbon emission reduction Kim Nicholas, “Personal Choices to Reduce Your Contribution to Climate Change,” http://www.kimnicholas.com/uploads/2/5/7/6/25766487/fig1full.jpg.
Malcolm Gladwell says Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2000).
Michael Mann wrote in his 2019 TIME essay Michael Mann, “Lifestyle Changes Aren’t Enough to Save the Planet. Here’s What Could,” TIME, September 12, 2019, https://time.com/5669071/lifestyle-changes-climate-change/.
CHAPTER 20
“If norms lead people” Cass Sunstein, How Change Happens (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2019).
new environment and sustainability strategy Wandsworth Borough Council, Wandsworth Environmental and Sustainability Strategy 2019–2030, https://wandsworth.gov.uk/media/6769/wandsworth_environment_and_sustainability_strategy_2019_30.pdf.
They want to speak up Nathaniel Geiger, “Untangling the Components of Hope: Increasing Pathways (Not Agency) Explains the Success of an Intervention That Increases Educators’ Climate Change Discussions,” Journal of Environmental Psychology 66 (2019): 101366, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101366.
According to polling data Jennifer Marlon, Peter Howe, Matto Mildenberger, Anthony Leiserowitz, and Xinran Wang, “Yale Climate Opinion Maps 2020,” September 2, 2020, https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/visualizations-data/ycom-us/.
Ed Maibach has been saying Edward Maibach, “Increasing Public Awareness and Facilitating Behavior Change: Two Guiding Heuristics,” in Biodiversity and Climate Change: Transforming the Biosphere eds. Thomas Lovejoy and Lee Hannah (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019).
your brain waves start to synchronize Elena Renken, “How Stories Connect and Persuade Us: Unleashing the Brain Power of Narrative,” 89.3 KPPC, April 11, 2020, https://www.scpr.org/news/2020/04/11/91857/how-stories-connect-and-persuade-us-unleashing-the/.
“any company that hasn’t already got a net-zero” Robin Pomeroy, “COVID, Climate and Inequality: This Week’s Great Reset Podcast,” World Economic Forum, September 25, 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/09/covid-climate-and-inequality-this-weeks-great-reset-podcast/.
“As awful as the COVID pandemic is” Bill Gates, “COVID-19 Is Awful. Climate Change Could Be Worse,” August 4, 2020, https://www.gatesnotes.com/Energy/Climate-and-COVID-19.
Admiral Samuel Locklear III Bryan Bender, “Chief of US Pacific forces calls climate change biggest worry,” Boston Globe, March 9, 2013, https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2013/03/09/admiral-samuel-locklear-commander-pacific-forces-warns-that-climate-change-top-threat/BHdPVCLrWEMxRe9IXJZcHL/story.html.
“Drought and severe storms are triggering” “General Ron Keys: Air Force General (ret’d), Climate Advocate,” New Climate Voices, http://www.newclimatevoices.org/ron-keys/.
“COVID will eventually end” Amanda Millstein, “Opinion: It’s Climate Change That Keeps This Bay Area Doctor Up at Night,” Mercury News, September 24, 2020, https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/09/24/opinion-its-climate-change-that-keeps-this-doctor-up-at-night/.
a third of TV weather forecasters Edward Maibach, Sara Cobb, Erin Peters, Carole Mandryk, David Straus, Dann Sklarew, et al., “A National Survey of Television Meteorologists About Climate Change: Education,” George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication, 2011, http://climatechangecommunication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/June-2011-A-National-Survey-of-Television-Meterologists-about-Climate-Change-Education.pdf.
In media markets where the weather forecasters Teresa Myers, Edwar
d Maibach, Bernadette Woods Placky, Kimberley Henry, Michael Slater, and Keith Seitter, “Impact of the Climate Matters Program on Public Understanding of Climate Change,” Weather, Climate, and Society 12, no. 4 (2020): 863–876, https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-20-0026.1.
the majority of U.S. broadcast meteorologists now agree David Perkins, Kristin Timm, Teresa Myers, and Edward Maibach, “Broadcast Meteorologists’ Views on Climate Change: A State-of-the-Community Review,” Weather, Climate, and Society 12, no. 2 (2020): 249–262, https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-19-0003.1.
people who cared about it weren’t talking Meaghan Guckian, Social Signals for Change: Examining the Role of Interpersonal Communication for Positive Ecological Progress, University of Massachusetts dissertation, 2019.
“your TED Talk inspired our friend Howard” Howard Kirkham, “Climate Conversations in the Forest,” https://www.oursafetynet.org/2020/03/17/what-i-learned-when-i-talked-to-strangers-about-the-climate-crisis/.
How to Have Impossible Conversations Peter Boghossian and James Lindsay, How to Have Impossible Conversations (New York: Lifelong Books, 2019).
the simple act of having a conversation Matthew Goldberg, Sander van der Linden, Edward Maibach, and Anthony Leiserowitz, “Discussing Global Warming Leads to Greater Acceptance of Climate Science,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 30 (2019): 14804–14805, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906589116.
CHAPTER 21
“Most people do not listen” Stephen Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People (New York: Free Press, 1989).
Project Drawdown Paul Hawkins, Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming (New York: Penguin Books, 2017).
Climate Mind https://climatemind.org/.
“The chief task in life is simply this” Epictetus, Discourses, 2.5.4–5.
keep listening, because the longer you listen Karin Kirk, “What Conversations with Voters Taught Me About Science Communication,” Scientific American, November 10, 2020, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-conversations-with-voters-taught-me-about-science-communication/?amp;text=What.
“For successful dialogue you need to try” Tania Israel, Beyond Your Bubble: How to Connect Across the Political Divide (Washington, D.C.: APA LifeTools, 2020).
Renée Lertzman calls this process “attunement” Project InsideOut, “Be a Guide: Our Guiding Principles,” 2020, https://projectinsideout.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Be-a-Guide.pdf.
“You can’t change people’s minds” Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion (New York: Random House, 2012).
“See the experience as a way to learn” Robin Webster and George Marshall, Talking Climate Handbook: How to Have Conversations About Climate Change in Your Daily Life (Oxford: Climate Outreach, 2019), https://climateoutreach.org/reports/how-to-have-a-climate-change-conversation-talking-climate/.
CHAPTER 22
“It was reasonable to struggle” P. D. James, The Children of Men (New York: Vintage, 2006, reissue).
“When the thought of climate doom arrives” Jedediah Britton-Purdy, “The Concession to Climate Change I Will Not Make,” Atlantic, January 6, 2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/01/becoming-parent-age-climate-crisis/604372/.
“No matter how young you are” Sheena Lyonnais, “Yonge Interviews: 10-Year-Old Activist Hannah Alper,” Yonge Street, September 11, 2013, http://www.yongestreetmedia.ca/features/hannahalper091113.aspx.
“Whoever sows injustice will reap calamity” Proverbs 22:8 (New International Version).
“for they have sown the wind” Hosea 8:7 (King James Version).
we especially underestimate unfamiliar risks Susana Gouveia and Valerie Clarke, “Optimistic Bias for Negative and Positive Events,” Health Education 101, no. 5 (2001): 228–234, https://doi.org/10.1108/09654280110402080.
assume we have more control over circumstances Cynthia Klein and Marie Helweg-Larsen, “Perceived Control and Optimistic Bias: A Meta-Analytic Review,” Psychology and Health 17, no. 4 (2002): 437–446, https://doi.org/10.1080/0887044022000004920.
“we expect things to turn out better” Tali Sharot, The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain (New York: Vintage, 2012).
hope that carry us forward Simon Bury, Michael Wenzel, and Lydia Woodyatt, “Against the Odds: Hope as an Antecedent of Support for Climate Change Action,” British Journal of Social Psychology 59, no. 2 (October 7, 2019): 289–310, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12343.
“We’re not fighting” Peter Kalmus, Twitter post, February 2, 2020, 12:13 p.m., https://twitter.com/climatehuman/status/1224018042520137734.
“Active Hope is a practice” Joanna Macy and Chris Johnstone, Active Hope: How to Face the Mess We’re in Without Going Crazy (New York: New World Library, 2012).
“We know that troubles help us learn” Romans 5:3–4 (New Life Version).
INDEX
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
A
Africa Forest Carbon Catalyst, 182
agriculture carbon pricing in, 158, 177–78
climate change impact on, 28–29
deforestation related to, 47, 125–26
extreme weather and, 99–100
returning carbon to soil in, 179–81
air pollution, 119, 120–22
Aki-Sawyerr, Yvonne, 191
Alarmed group, 8, 149, 221
Alipay online payment platform, 182
Alper, Hannah, 241–42
Altieri, Lisa, 202
America Is All In movement, 155
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 40
American Association of Geographers, 63
American Geophysical Union, 42
American Medical Association, 42, 186
American Meteorological Society, 49, 219
Amstrup, Steve, 87, 96, 110, 128
Anderson, Chris, 173, 174
Anderson, Craig, 120
Ant Forest, 182
Anthony, Katey Walter, 105
Arbor Day Foundation, 181
Arctic atmospheric changes and warming of, 88, 110
oil exploration in, 102, 187
permafrost thawing in, 64, 102–5, 107
polar bear risk in, 88–89
river-powered energy for villages in, 244
Arrhenius, Svante, 110
AT&T, 159, 198
Audubon Society, 26
AurCrest, 162
B
backfire effect, 56–57
Ball State University, 170
Bandura, Albert, 199–200
Banner, Jay, 107
Bastida, Xiye, 67, 68
Benestad, Rasmus, 55
Beyond Conflict Institute, x, xii
biochar, 179
biofuels, 173, 174, 176, 177, 241
biogas, 124
BlackRock, 189
Bloomberg New Energy Finance, 164
Boghossian, Peter, 55–56
BP (British Petroleum), 136, 149–50, 159
Bradley, Bethany, 28
Brettschneider, Brian, 107
Brewery Climate Declaration, 28
BrightAction online community, 202
British Airways, 176
British Medical Association, 186
Britton-Purdy, Jedediah, 241
Brown, Robert, 179
C
Callendar, Guy, 41
Campbell, Troy, 134
Canadian Scientific & Christian Affiliation, 226
cap-and-trade system, 155–56, 185
CarbonCure, 169
carbon dioxide atmospheric levels of, 47, 110
difficulties estimating risk levels
of, 111–12
direct-air-capture of, 180
early projects about impact of, 41
early research on, 40–41
food sources affected by higher levels of, 89
heat trapping by, 40, 46–47
illustrating differences between target level choices for, 114–15
natural geologic emissions of, 44
scientific facts behind climate change and, 39–40
scientific organizations’ consensus on climate change and, 41–42
volcanic eruptions and, 44
carbon emissions, 143–50 cap-and-trade system for, 155–56, 185, 249
caps on, 152
difference between a higher versus a lower future emissions scenario in, 154
ecological footprint and, 148
global targets for, 110–11
individual choices and percentage of, 149
peer pressure about travel and, 75–76
taxation of, 6, 157, 203
top fossil fuel companies and, 136–37
See also carbon pricing
Carbon Engineering, 181
carbon-neutral goal aviation industry and, 176
bio-based diesel fuel and, 174
British Petroleum and, 149–50
carbon capture process and, 181
need for business investment in, 171
policies and approaches for, 185
Engie and, 231
Volvo and, 167–68
Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme, United Nations, 175–76
carbon pricing benefits of, 177–78
Canada’s use of, 132, 133, 157, 158–59
carbon capture technology and, 180, 181
carbon-neutral goal and, 185
effectiveness of, 158–59
ethical use of funds from, 158
investment in carbon solutions and, 212
mechanism of, 155, 156–60