Mysterious Origins of Hybrid Man

by Susan B. Martinez, Ph. D.

  Australia, besides seriously challenging part two of OOA, also challenges part one, which, you may recall, claims that the earliest wave of Homo erectus OOA stopped at Indonesia; thus there should be no signs of H. erectus farther south, that is, in Australia and New Guinea. But indigenous H. erectus types are found south and east of Indonesia—at Palau for example, as well as at Australia’s Kow Swamp and Coobool Crossing (in New South Wales), where a robust H. erectus type mixed with gracile individuals. These were very different contemporary types. So, ad hoc migrations come to the rescue! Instead of taking such coexisting races at face value, evolutionists account for their differences by postulating “two or even three [separate] migrations into Australia. . . . [However] this explanation does not solve the problem,” (just shifts it off to the Asian mainland).78

  It is out of fear (that mulitregionalism could be interpreted, used, in racist ways), that the monogenistic model of OOA survives as the chosen wisdom. This was the liberal position (many were Marxist) of the American anthropological establishment—to take Africa as the cradle of mankind, as if that could somehow make up for centuries of black exploitation. Thought to be politically correct, OOA is nonetheless a wrong turn, fed by a weird combination of historical guilt and intellectual sophistry. Marvin L. Lubenow’s book, Bones of Contention: A Creationist Assessment of Human Fossils, is the one to read for deep insight into the politically motivated OOA theory. In the end we will find that none of this Afrocentrist maneuvering can compensate for the underlying racism of Darwinism itself, which is still loath to admit the amalgamation of the races, offering instead the fiction of transmutation of species to account for the different humans in the fossil record.

  Who really is the racist? OOA, posing as egalitarian, not only disdains intermarriage (hybridization) but also asserts that the superior group, like a conquering army, extirpates all the inferiors in its path (replacement model). Moreover, the Darwinian theory of competition and struggle is (and has been) easily transferred to the idea of racial or national competition, whereby the elimination of unfit races may simply be a part of evolution. Is this not racist? Darwin’s own racial bigotry (typical of his time and class) has yet to be exposed, but it is there, hiding in such passages as the one in which he argues for sexual selection, say, of skin color, according to tribal “standards of beauty”; still, he grants his reader that it is “a monstrous supposition that the jet blackness of the negro has been gained through sexual selection,”79 in other words, that it is a preferential trait.

  NEW WORLD NOT SO NEW

  Uncensored finds in the Americas support polygenesis, not monogenesis. It certainly upsets out-of-Africa monogenesis to find very early hominids in the New World, of all places. If the textbook version of the peopling of the New World was undertaken by perfectly modern men in the very late Pleistocene, say 15 or 20 or even 25 kya, why have crude chopping tools been found in the Americas, dating as early as 42 kyr?80 Stephen J. Gould himself mentioned inhabitants of our continent who possessed “shortened foreheads, prominent cheeks, deep-set eyes, and slightly apish nose.”81

  This man, Homo erectus, as current theory goes, never crossed into the Americas.

  Nevertheless, the New World has its very own edition of pithecanthropines who always called the American continent their home. What do we make of Utah and Nevada footprints with no arch,82 a trait belonging to most australopiths, H. erectus, and Neanderthals? Consider also a prognathous, beetle-browed specimen from the Southwest dated 27 kyr.83 Here, the Anasazi people, whose site yields telltale bones with cut marks, had legends of cannibalistic giants (who may well have been large H. erectus types), scoring a match with a mysterious tribe of giant red-haired cannibals who once terrorized the Nevada Indians. Indeed, giant mummies have been found in a Lovelock, Nevada, cave—apparently corroborated by nineteen-inch footprints in sandstone at Carson, Nevada. The Paiutes had a great deal to say about a race of giant “red-headed people eaters.”84

  Neither are Neanderthals supposed to be in the New World, but their tools (fist hatchets) have been unearthed in Abilene, Texas, along with skulls of a dolichocephalic people, similar to specimens in Michigan and Ecuador.85 All this flies in the face of standard theory, which says mods, of the classically brachycephalic or Mongoloid type, were the very first (and actually only) people to settle America from Siberia.

  Roland Dixon, in The Racial History of Man (Plate 34), mapped these dolichos in the New World, revealing that long headedness (typical of “archaic culture”) is concentrated in two widely separated areas, the largest in the Northeast coastal portions of the continent, including Greenland, and the other at the opposite extreme in southwestern regions. The Southwest, as noted above, also gave us the beetle-browed, hairy, flat-footed type, including some cannibals. Concerning that Northeastern swath, H. erectus–type tools (Acheulean), found in New York’s Catskill Mountains, are thought to be about 70 kyr—reminding us of similar Acheulian implements discovered in Chile, at the diagonally opposite end of the hemisphere.86

  The American Southwest also gives us someone less refined than Neanderthal who once inhabited Santa Barbara, California (two skulls). From the coast of California to eastern Texas comes evidence of men with visor brows, depressed nasal roots, and broad noses,87 exemplified by a specimen from Central California with thick browridge and small brain case, the skull collected by Charles Ostrander in the 1970s.88

  Earlier in the twentieth century, Nebraska skulls (at Long Hill), were examined by Ales Hrdlicka and proved to be low and receding with strongly marked supraorbital ridges. American physicist William Corliss more recently brought to light signs of Neanderthaloids in Nebraska and Kansas—all typified by prognathism, overhanging brow, and sloping forehead.89 Very prognathous, too, was Minnesota Woman, dated 40 kyr, with large teeth (bigger than Neanderthal’s) and long arms. She was, however, gracile and large brained: 1,345 cc (a real mix of H. erectus and modern people).

  Figure 11.10. Sioux. Traces of prognathism are common in the living races in many parts of the Americas.

  Speaking of Kansas’s Neanderthaloids and erectoids: There was a report some years ago in The Kansas City Times on an apparent race of giants (two skeletons with huge bones) who once lived along the Missouri River. In particular the frontal bone was very low, differing radically from any of the existing races of Indians; too, the torus was continuous and the forehead almost flat, receding back in a dramatically flat slope.

  If we look carefully, we find the same archaics south of the border: depicted in Guatemalan ruins is a creature described (rather brutally) by one early observer as a “weak, purposeless, degenerate type, looselipped, chinless and imbecile”90—perhaps akin to the Solorzano skull cap found near Guadalajara, with its classic H. erectus measurements.91

  Harold Gladwin, in Men Out of Asia, also gave us a peek at some primitive skulls found in Ecuador, Brazil, and Chile. These are not one-off hits, for similars appear all over Ecuador at Punin, Paltacalo, and Cuzco, the latter buried one hundred feet below the surface, indicating “the real aborigines,”92 an early race that may have gone extinct before the Indians. Although the Punin skull was labeled Australoid, I don’t think there was a Pleistocene invasion of America by Australoid people, as some have guessed; rather, these are homegrown races, born and raised in the Western Hemisphere, our very own Senor and Senora Homo erectus.

  As for Brazil, well enough known (since 1970), the Lagoa Santa caves should have settled the matter of early Homo in America. Buried among the bones of extinct animals (indicating considerable age), these earliest Brazilians had an almost nonexistent (sloping) forehead and a very wide space between the eyes. With thick skull walls, these people were dolichocephalic, extremely strong, and prognathous; yet they, too, were mixed, boasting a well-developed brain, high skull, and good chin—in short, “a primitive race . . . mixed with other elements.”93 Elsewhere in Brazil, the Sumidouro cave specimens, thick skulled and large browed, not only add to H. erectus types in America, bu
t also speak for polygenism, in their near match to equivalent types in Australia (Kow Swamp) and China (Mapa).

  Though ignored and dismissed, such types are not rare but known from Ecuador to Tierra del Fuego,94 where living groups carry forward some of these ancient genes—the subject of the next chapter. In particular, Fuegans can still be encountered with a trace of the old sagittal crest, overhanging brow, and low-sloping vault. Lacking any sign of the tool kit of Old World H. sapiens (no rope, needles, lamps, nets, or pots), these people, said Charles Darwin in Descent, “possessed hardly any arts and [lived] like wild animals . . . the blood of some more humble creature flows in his veins.”

  Homo pampaeus in Argentina, announced a century ago by multidiscplinary scientist Florentino Ameghino, possessed a “simian peculiarity of skull”—including very large orbits, so typical of the most archaic races. H. pampaeus’s crudely worked and out-sized stones at Monte Hermoso suggest a pithecanthropine of great size. Though Ameghino convincingly argued for an independent origin of South American man, his thesis was shamelessly blackballed by the mighty Smithsonian powers that be. Nevertheless, here in Argentina, the Baradero skeleton was another typical H. erectus, with long arms reaching down to the knees. In the same region, the remains of Homo sinemento brought to bear one more example of these early blends of AMHs with H. erectus types, for the H. sinemento people were very prognathous pygmies, dolichocephalic, with no chin at all yet possessed a quite modern dental arch and notably gracile build—an apparent, and very early, blend of Ihin (the AMH little people) with pithecanthropines who “disappeared without leaving descendants.”95

  Figure 11.11. Dental arch, after Keith. The more modern shape of dental arch is seen in the Spy I specimen from Belgium.

  This presentation of American erectoids is meant to give the reader perhaps a little more confidence in the blacklisted tenet of polygenism: man arising in all divisions of the Earth. Before the 1987 debut of the Afrocentrist Garden of Eden, the parent stock of mankind was thought to be Asian or Near Eastern and of the Caucasian race. Despite the popularization of OOA, a human itinerary out of Africa or out of anywhere else has never been proven. We have now wasted twenty-five years on Afrocentrist monogenism—a real step backward. Almost a hundred years ago, when thinkers were solid and theories were responsible, when things were not so hurried and pressured, Dixon laid out a dependable blueprint: “The whole trend of anthropological investigation can have no other outcome than the abandonment of the monogenist position and the frank acceptance of polygenism.”96 The out-of-Africa theory, as much a political statement as a piece of science, is a misguided effort to slough off the Eurocentric image that adheres to modern scholarship. Are we playing to image now? When image trumps knowledge or truth, we are headed for trouble.

  Figure 11.12. Miramar Man, an H. pampaeus of Patagonia, shows extreme forehead slope and ultradolichocephaly but no brow bulge. Miramar Man was big brained at 1,464 cc and had quite a good chin—a marvelous hybrid!

  12

  DEAD MAN WALKING

  Living Evidence of Ancient Races

  Man still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin.

  CHARLES DARWIN, THE DESCENT OF MAN

  SWAMPED

  Mayan anthropogenesis makes the apt observation that remnants of each World Age survive to the present moment. Yes, early hominid traits still linger—we carry forward even some of the most ancient genes.

  Every person alive today has both Druk and Ihin lineage in them.

  VERNON WOBSCHALL, OAHSPE STANDARD EDITION

  Once crossbreeding is taken to heart, we will be gratefully relieved of the many inconsistencies and difficulties that assail paleoanthropology, including how to explain extinctions; now we can look to EBAs (extinct by amalgamation). How did Neanderthal disappear? Was he wiped out? Is he really extinct? “It is doubtful,” thought Ashley Montagu, “whether [Neanderthal] was exterminated anywhere. The truth seems to be that he mixed with whatever populations he encountered and in the course of time was absorbed by such populations.”1 Here we come full circle with “the Neanderthal problem,” which is a problem only if we ignore the nookie factor. Montagu made that statement in 1957; it took another fifty-four years for experts to reluctantly concede: “Perhaps they were eliminated by interbreeding with us”2 (2011). Still, Neanderthals, according to most evolutionists, were “replaced” by Homo sapiens. But they bred with H. sapiens and disappeared, not really through replacement, but largely through absorption (EBA) into Cro-Magnon groups.

  The second wave of Ihuans, the Aurignacians (produced, if you recall, 39 kya) also went EBA, just as they had done in the first round, ca 70 kya—by back breeding. It was, in short, the retrobreeding of Ihuan with Druk, both before and after the flood, that gave us the various Neanderthaloid types. In a way, EBA is similar to the genetic concept of swamping: if Neanderthals crossbred with mods, such as Cro-Magnons, ca 35,000 years ago, their disappearance can be attributed to interbreeding. They were swamped. Hooton was right: “I think they were absorbed.”3 C. Loring Brace was wrong: “Nothing but modern skeletal material is evident since about 35,000 years ago”4—which, as we’ve seen, has been blown out of the water by younger specimens proving EBA, such as the mixed types in Portugal, Romania, Croatia, Czechoslovakia, France, and Spain.

  More recent EBAs might include the following cases:

  Dolicocephaly in Europe (swamped by race mixtures with brachycephals from the East) was not changed by mutations, but by EBA.

  The Bushman race (except at Kalahari) have been absorbed by the “Cape coloured” people, a mixed people of southern Africa.

  Mandan and other North AmerInd groups, the Wai Wai pygmies of British Guiana, and many others were absorbed into larger groups, as were most of the Yaghans of Tierra del Fuego and Chono Indians of Chile.

  The Native Hawaiians became so interbred with immigrants to their islands that they have almost vanished as a distinct people.

  The Ainu of Japan are headed in the direction of EBA, driven out, absorbed, or destroyed.

  The original Negritos of Australia, according to J. B. Birdsell, were entirely absorbed by the Murrian people; just as today, the remaining Tasmanians are all of mixed blood.

  The aboriginal stock of New Zealand’s Maori were absorbed or destroyed.

  NEANDERTHAL: MISSING, PRESUMED DEAD

  It was long believed that the coelacanth fish became extinct 70 mya, since their fossil remains do not show up in deposits after that time (Cretaceous). But they are not extinct after all: folks at Comoro Islands, off the South African coast, fish for it and eat it. Likewise did nineteenth-century attempts to dredge up life from the sea, in Norway’s fjords and along the Atlantic coast of Britain, reveal that some sea creatures thought to be long extinct still live on the ocean floor. Other “living fossils” include the tuatara (a reptile that, like the coelacanth, was not known since the Cretaceous), Neopilina (mollusk, since Devonian), Lingula (shellfish, since Ordovician), and Metasequoia (redwood, since Miocene).

  This subject reminds me of a recently published story about a boy lifted and dropped by a huge bird, the extraordinary scene witnessed by six individuals, including the boy’s mother, who said the bird looked like a giant condor, with a wing span about ten feet. Predictably, the experts declared the incident impossible, despite other thunderbird types sighted in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee, which seem to resemble the extinct teratorns, made famous by their remains at California’s La Brea tar pits.5

  Numerous studies, moreover, have uncovered evidence of man living at the same time as some of the “bygone” Tertiary beasts: pottery at Tiahuanaco, for example, is adorned with pictures of a Toxodon, supposedly extinct for a million years.

  As you may have noticed, the extinction date for Neanderthal is a shifty thing, forever moving closer to recent time. At first, the Neanderthal race was said to have disappeared around 140 kya; Hooton (before 1950), changed that to 72 kya. Then in 1960, Le Gros Clark
made it 50 kya; and by the 1980s it inched up another 10,000 years to 40 kya.6 That was whittled down to 35 kya soon after; and with new finds at Zafarraya, Spain, it went down another notch, to 33 kya. Then in 1988 Neanderthals’ extinction date was made even later—32 kya.7 No sooner was that established than finds at St. Cesaire, France, and Mladec, Czechoslavakia, knocked it down to 31 kya (these were mosaics, actually, mixed Neanderthal and modern, some with big brows and projecting faces). Even so, it has been further bumped down to 28 kya, after a hard look at Croatia’s Vindija cave specimens; and, in the year 2000, experts move the final Neanderthal “extinction” to 27 kya.

  But it dropped again to 26 kya, with Predmosti men discovered during renewed digs in the Moravian region; although they try to pass them off as Cro-Magnons, clearly they were mixed with Neanderthals—their dolichocephalic skulls showing orbital ridges and heavy brows. And if they were indeed Neanderthaloid Cro-Magnons (these people did work in ivory), the cannibalism discovered here (bones heavily charred) is a telling sign of Cro-Magnon back breeding and retrogression.

  But wait, we now have 24-kyr Neanderthaloids, with the 1998 Portugal finds, thousands of years after the supposed Neanderthal extinction, not to mention 18-kyr Neanderthals at Girona, Spain, and at Amud I (Galilee) and yet other Neanderthals said to date less than 6000 BP!8 How reliable are our concepts of or dates for racial extinctions?