New World, Inc.
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30 Smith, “A Description of New England,” in Barbour, ed., The Complete Works of Captain John Smith, 1:346.
A NOTE TO THE READER
1 E. T. Campagnac, ed., Mulcaster’s Elementarie (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925), 274 (“greater plainness”), 269 (“worship”).
2 John Simpson, ed., “The first dictionaries of English.” http://public.oed.com/aspects-of-english/english-in-time/the-first-dictionaries-of-english/.
3 Shakespeare is credited with introducing 1,484 words into the English language: see the Oxford English Dictionary.
4 Some 496 words come from Native American Indian languages according to the Oxford English Dictionary. Also, see James Rosier’s list of Indian words in David Beers Quinn and Alison M. Quinn, eds., The English New England Voyages, 1602–1608 (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1983), 485–93.
5 Collinson, The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher, 117, 121.
6 Ibid., 185, 119.
7 Baxter, ed., Sir Ferdinando Gorges and His Province of Maine, 3:129.
8 “5 July 1609. Pedro de Zúñiga to Philip III,” in Barbour, ed. The Jamestown Voyages, 2:269.
9 “Advertisements,” in Barbour, ed., The Complete Works, 3:279.
10 Charles Mann, 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005), xi.
11 Bartolomé de las Casas, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (London: Penguin Books, 1992), 9 n9.
12 For Dee’s calendar reforms: Woolley, The Queen’s Conjuror, 193-95; and Parry, The Arch-Conjuror of England, 147–60.
*Rotherhithe has Saxon origins, its name deriving from Rothra (“a mariner”), and hythe (“a landing place”).
* The Low Countries broadly encompass modern-day Belgium, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands.
† The Staplers were first incorporated in the 1260s.
* “The Levant” consists roughly of the lands bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The word derives from the French for “rise” and pertains to the point where the sun rises in the east. See the Oxford English Dictionary for “Levant.”
* Useful as both a cooking spice and as a cloth dye, saffron was so successfully cultivated in Walden, where Thomas Smith was born, that the market town came to be known as Saffron Walden.
* The Spanish word bacalaos means “codfish,” and the Spanish named this region after the abundant cod found on the Newfoundland banks.
* The average daily nominal wage in the period 1490–1609 was five pence for a semiskilled worker or journeyman. In 1553, this rose by 60 percent in nominal terms (although the purchasing power actually fell, because of the rising costs of day-to-day commodities). So, assuming a six-day week, the annual salary was around ten pounds. See Steve Rappaport, Worlds Within Worlds, 401–7.
* Eleanora Goodwin posits that the burning of sea coal on Willoughby’s ship produced carbon monoxide that suffocated the men and dogs aboard. See “The Fate of Sir Hugh Willoughby,” Geographical Journal 152, no. 2 (1986): 243–47.
* English monarchs would continue to maintain a nominal claim to the French crown until 1801.
* According to the rule of primogeniture, the firstborn son inherited a family’s main estate.
* Note the spelling; “Eutopia” (“good place”) is a clever pun on “utopia” (“no place”).
* 1562, Walsingham married Anne Carleill (née Barne), George’s sister, after her first husband, Alexander Carleill, died. She died just two years later, in 1564.
* A pinnace was a small, shallow-draft sailboat, sometimes with oars. It was used for navigating close to the coast, communicating between ships in a fleet, and investigating inland waterways.
* This atlas may have inspired the name of a new theatre: The Globe. See Neil MacGregor, Shakespeare’s Restless World (London: Allen Lane, 2013), 14–17.
* The word “Anian” came from Marco Polo’s Travels. In one version, the Venetian referred to the Gulf of Kienan, which is “so great, and inhabited by so many people, that it seems like a world in itself.” Its southern side “borders the province of Manzi, and on the other side with Anin and Coloman”: see Polo, The Most Noble and Famous Travels of Marco Polo, 240.
* The Discourse of Western Planting was first published in Cambridge, Massachusetts, by the Maine Historical Society, 1877.
* Bradford says they had been together “about a year” before making their first attempt to leave England in 1607.
* Weston did not secure the patent, known as the second Peirce Patent, until November 3, 1620, after the Mayflower had sailed.
* The debt was further renegotiated in 1628, when a still smaller group of investors agreed to continue supporting the Pilgrims. Also, some of the separatists, including William Bradford, increased their stake.
* Another island was named after the Countess of Warwick, but its name was later changed to Kodlunarn Island, as the native Inuit call it, and is so known today. The word “Kodlunarn” means “white man’s island”: Helen Wallis, “England’s Search for the Northern Passages in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries,” Arctic, 37, no. 4 (1984): 453–72; 464.
* The Slave Trade Act of 1807 abolished the slave trade in the British empire. Slavery itself was not abolished until 1833.
* The complete, fascinating story of the discovery and initial publication of the Bradford manuscript is related by Charles Deane in his “Editorial Preface” to the 1856 edition of the typeset narrative issued by The Massachusetts Historical Society. The manuscript itself was returned to the United States in 1897 and taken into the care of the State Library of Massachusetts, where it still resides. Charles Deane, ed., History of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford (Boston: The Massachusetts Historical Society, 1856), iii–xix.
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