The Word Detective
Page 39
See also individual words
Europe, government involvement in language, 298–302
European Federation of National Institutions for Language (EFNIL), 300–302
Evans, Sebastian, 62
Evansville Daily Courier (newspaper), 282
example sentences, 30–31
Expedition to the Crimea (Russell), 61–62
Faerie Queene (Spenser), 336
falsetto, 115
Familiar Quotations (Bartlett), 61
fantail, 92
Ferber, Edna, 266
FIDONews, 220
Film Language (Metz), 30–33, 69, 99, 124
Filmtype Services (Scarborough), 176
filtering data, 322–323
fine arts, 323
first usage of word, 32–33, 203, 206, 278. See also individual words
fish, 165
Fitch, Ralph, 169
flavour of the month, 293–294
floccinaucinihilipilification, 166
Florio, John, 161
fly off the handle, 112
fokken, 230–231
folkmoot, 278
fossick, 93
Foulsham’s Fun Book, 319
Fowler, Henry Watson, 175
Fowler brothers, 9, 21
Franklin, Ben, 271
Freeman’s Journal (newspaper), 280
French
borrowed words from, 114–115
Germanic words and, 49
regional, 181–182
See also Norman Conquest
Frisky Songster, 232, 235
fuck, revising entry for, 226–237, 314
the full monty, 315
funk, 221
fuscous, 222
futon, 186
The F Word (Sheidlower), 314
ganga, 119
Garmonsway, Norman, 227
gastropubs, 187
gay, updating entry, 308–312
gay plague, 124
Germanic origins of English language, 215–217, 321
Germanic words, French and, 49
geycat (gaycat), 310, 312
Gillett, Charlie, 110
Gilliver, Peter, 317, 344
glasnost, 71
Gleaner (newspaper), 110
globalisation, English language and, 112
glossaries, 160–162
gobbledegook, 228–229
Gonnet, Gaston, 159
Google Books, 33, 279–280, 333
grammar, transformational, 72–73
grok, 113
Grose, Francis, 43
guarantee, 182
gun, 93
gurus, 156–157
haflings, 19
hahama, 186
halloumi, 100
handicap, 189–190
handle, 70
Hanks, Patrick, 73
haori, 186
happi, 186
Hardie, Philip, 76–77, 87
“hard-words” tradition, 163
Hartley, Dorothy, 45
Heinlein, Robert, 113
Hemingway, Ernest, 234
Henry, George W., 312
Hereford Diocesan Records, 295–296
Herreshoff, Nat, 47
Herschel, John, 132
Heywood, Thomas, 85
Higden, Ranulf, 173
Hindi, as source of new words, 10, 168–169, 185. See also India
hing, 169
Hinglish, 169
Historical Dictionary of American Slang (Lighter), 237, 314
historical research, quality of OED’s, 59–63
Historical Thesaurus of the OED, 325
HIV, 121, 122
hobbit, 19–20
hobgoblin, 244
Hollyband, Claudius, 161
Home Book of Quotations (Stevenson), 61
home computers, 103
homonyms, 247
homosexual, gay and, 308–312
hone, 246–248
hook-pins, 164
hotdog, 281–283
hot-metal typesetting, OED and, 70
house, 93
House and Garden (magazine), 45
hue and cry, 170–171, 201
Hughes, Alan, 68
hunker, 247
Hurst, Veronica, 150, 175
hut, 93
Hyde-White, Wilfrid, 13
IBM, 139, 147, 152
The Ice Cream Review (periodical), 293
Icelandic sagas, Old English and, 18
If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it, 81
immigrant, 94
impact, 116
inclusion rule, for OED, 71
index cards. See dictionary slips and index cards
India, as source of words, 156–157, 167–169. See also Hindi
inferno, 143–144
information collection for historical dictionary, 30–37
initialisms, 116, 218
inkling, 84
inro, 185
Institute of the German Language, 302
interjections, 159
International Computaprint Corporation (ICC), 139, 147, 152–153
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), 135–136
Internet
evidence for words from, 219–220
lexicographical research and, 62, 277–285
intro, 100
Introduction to the American
Underground Film (Renan), 33
ippon, 186
Irving, Washington, 313
-ism words, 65
Isola Bella, Lago Maggiore (painting), 331–332
“I Went to a Marvellous Party” (Coward), 311
-ize/-ise words, 258
Jack Shay, 93
James Joyce Online Notes, 333
Jane Eyre (Brontë), 34–36
janky, 194
Japan, publicity tour of, 183–184
Japanese loanwords, 184–186, 326
Japanesery, 185
japonaiserie, 185
jazz, 315
Jimmy Grant, 94
John of Garland, 161–162
Johnson, Samuel, 16, 126–127, 154–155, 160, 164, 176–177, 233, 247
Jowett, Benjamin, 22
Joyce, James, 53, 202, 206, 234, 236, 241–242, 333–335
Jude the Obscure (Hardy), 13
jugger, 169
juggernaut, 9, 10, 156
kangaroo, 91
Kangaroo (Lawrence), 233–234
Kant, Immanuel, 240
Kellogg College, 222–224
Keogh, Myler, 334
keyboarding OED, 152–153, 174
kidfitting corsets, 334–335
kikay, 194
kimono, 186
King, Richard, 310
Kipling, Rudyard, 44, 202, 218
Kirkham, Sara, 272
kliwen/klewen, 321
kludge, 305
kotwal, 168
Kuge, 185
Kunbi, 169
kylie, 92
ladettes, 187
Lady Chatterley’s Lover (Lawrence), 227, 234
The Lady of Pleasure (Shirley), 310
Lance, Bert, 81
The Lancet (journal), 319–320
Langland, William, 28
language
changes in, 111–116
government involvement in national, 298–302
search for patterns in, 158–160
Language of Homosexuality (Legman), 311–312
Larkin, Philip, 234
Laski, Marghanita, 43, 44–46, 83
Latin, 29, 167
bilingual glosses and, 160–161
dictionary and, 161–162
influence on English language, 204–205
project and, 78–79
proverbs and, 85
launch, 181–18
launches, dictionary, 179, 187, 257, 323–324
Lawrence, D. H., 3, 53, 227, 233–234
le Carré, John, 103, 104
left-handedness, lexicographers and, 245
L
egman, Gerson, 311–312
Leiden Glossary, 161
Le Weekend, 299
Lewis, C. S., 22, 84
lexicographers
as career, 4–6, 16
recruiting, 239–256
lexicographical research/language analysis, 167–169
Internet and, 62, 277–285
rigour and, 63–64
searching OED and, 200–207
lexicography courses, 160, 222
lexicon, 162
Lexis/Nexis databases, 278
Lief, Max, 52
life-saving, 243–244
Lighter, Jonathan, 237, 314
like, 237
Lindsay, David, 231–232
line, 286–287
Linear B, 211
linguistic diversity, promoting, 301–302
linguistics
comparative, 165
computational, 73
innovations in, 72–73
Linschoten, Jan Huyghen van, 168–169
to list, 251–252
literary and non-literary sources, 8, 37, 52–3, 93, 99, 125, 206, 219–220
Little Oxford English Dictionary, 9
loanwords, 114–115
Arabic, 213
Japanese, 184–186
Russian, 207
Lob, Susanna, 289
LOL, 220
the longest way round is the shortest way home, 85
lookism, 65
Lossing, Benson John, 59
love-drink, 173
Love’s Labour’s Lost (Shakespeare), 83
M (letter section), 48
ma, 268, 269–271
M-A words, 268–272
Mack, Annie, 334
mad scientist, 291
Mafia, 291
magazine, 212–213
magnetic compass, 279
make, 267
Making of America (MoA) database, 278–279
The Making of the Oxford English Dictionary (Gilliver), 344
mallemaroking, 166
Mann, Horace, 2
mare, 49
markworthy, 176
Marley, Bob, 105, 108
marriage, 54–56
Marsh, George Perkins, 34
Marsh, Ngaio, 44, 51
Marshall, Jeremy, 257, 306, 343
“marshaller” of the language, 48–49, 50
marshalling, 48–50
Martineau, Harriet, 202
master, 268
masurium, 272, 273
McCracken, James, 324–326
McDonald, Fred, 257, 343
meanings, in OED entries, 7
order of, 212–213
Medium Aevum (periodical), 19
Medulla Grammatice, 162
melodrama, 115
Mendeleev, Dmitri, 272
Merriam, George and Charles, 165
Metz, Christian, 30–33, 69, 99, 124
Middle English, 3–4, 18, 24, 77, 203, 214. See also individual words
Middle English Dictionary, 309
Middlemarch (Eliot), 202
Miller, Henry, 234
Milton, John, 4–5, 37, 83, 205, 206, 219
mind, 215
Mini Oxford English Dictionary, 9
Minor, William Chester, 44
miso, 185
“Miss Furr and Miss Skeene” (Stein), 311
Mitford, Mary, 203
moby, 221
Modern English, 213–214, 216
Modern English Usage (Fowler), 175
mole, 103–104
momentaneity, 53
Monthly Review (periodical), 56
More, Thomas, 83
mother, variations of, 270–271
mouse (computer), 115
multicultural linguistic influences, 108
Murray, Elisabeth, 344
Murray, James, 44
as original OED editor, 7–8, 16, 29, 47, 219–220, 327, 329–330
pronunciation system, 135–136
musseet, 169
My Secret Life (memoir), 233, 236
national word hunt programme, 315–320
Nationwide (television programme), 257
natty, 105
New Cheats of London Exposed (King), 310
new lads, 187
New Monthly (magazine), 313
New OED project, 145, 148
New Shorter OED, 97–98
newspapers, as text sources, 219, 280, 282
new words
acceptance for dictionary, 242–243
authorial creativity and, 158–159, 205–206
borrowings and, 114–115, 185
coined by shortening existing words, 218–219
contemporary culture and, 68–69
documenting, 15–16, 37, 44–45, 52–53, 99, 125, 219–220, 280, 282
semantic drift and, 115–116
source of, 113–116
times of change, 58–59, 92, 167
from universities/colleges, 221–222
New Words group, 98–111, 119, 124–125, 134–135, 171, 187, 193–195
computerisation of OED and, 135, 136
cultural and scientific words and, 119–124
past OED policies and, 116–119
New York Times (newspaper), 121
niche, 249–251
niche market, 251
nit nurse, 318, 319–320
non-chronological, 32
non-literary texts, as sources, 52–53
Norman Conquest, 167, 171
influence on English language, 14, 49, 203–204, 216
spelling of queen and, 40–41
North American reading programme, 197–198, 283
noughth week, 221
noun: adjective ratio, 207
nouns, 29, 117–118, 158–159, 207, 268. See also individual words
M-A, 268–272
numbers, in dictionary, 24–25
numismatics, 294
nut, 269
oats, 164
obsolete words, 136, 159, 268–270. See also individual words
O’Connor, Royalynn, 182–183
OED Advisory Committee, 210–214, 217, 224–226
“OEDipus” software, 306
OED Online, 32, 283–287, 289–290, 292
continual updating of, 294–296, 304–305
improving appearance and functionality of, 320–326
popularity of, 289–290, 293
updating American entries, 313–315
wikis and new words for, 327–328
See also Third Edition of the OED
OED readers, 14–15, 32
contemporary, 280–281
crowd-sourcing and, 327–328
description of, 33–34, 53
Laski, 43, 44–46
North American, 197, 283
offline, 287
Ogilvie, Sarah, 343
-ography words, 137
O.K., 258, 266, 299
Old English, 3, 18, 95, 153, 167, 206, 214, 216
-ology words, 137–139
omnibus, 67
101, 24–25
online, 120, 150
online editing, 286–287
of dictionary entries, 286–288
online language analysis, 62, 277–285
on message, 187
Opie, Iona, 86
Opie, Peter, 86
oral cultures, words from, 110–111
Ormulum (Orm), 17
Orwell, George, 60
outro, 100–101
outsourcing, 72
out-station, 93
oversupination, 194
Oxford, “old,” xiii, 6, 13, 17, 19, 22, 45, 65, 85–86, 91, 110, 129, 138–139, 142–143, 158, 212, 219, 221–223, 243, 292
Oxford Dictionary for Scientific Writers and Editors, 79
Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs, 79, 81, 82–86
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 231
Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, 86
Oxford Dictionary of Quotat
ions, 61
Oxford English Dictionary (OED), 2, 4, 203
computerisation of, 129–131, 133–136, 139–142, 144–145, 149, 152–155, 157–158, 71–172, 174–178
editorial policy for revising, 209–214, 217
future of, 199–200
history of, 6–11, 57–58, 165
illustrating emergence of English as world language, 215–217
inclusion rule, 71
methodology, 7–8
Oxford World and Language Service, 257–258
public perception of, 72–74
quality of historical research, 59–63
in United States, 195–199, 313–315
updating, 39–43, 46–48, 50–52, 63, 95–96, 130
See also OED Online; Second Edition of the OED; Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary; Third Edition of the OED
Oxford Junior Dictionary, 79
Oxford Miniguide to English Usage, 82
Oxford University Press, 4, 152
computerising OED and, 129–131, 133–136
offices for OED, 11, 12, 13, 14, 66, 67–68, 209, 264–265, 285–286
relation to Oxford University, 220–221, 222–224
Oxford Word and Language Service (OWLS), 257–258
pa, 271
paan, 169
pal, 295–297
Paradise Lost (Milton), 4–5
Paradise Regain’d (Milton), 83
paraphernalia, 29–30
Parkinson, C. Northcote, 81
Partridge, Eric, 47–48, 52
“Pasadena” software, 306
pas de souris, 114
pass the parcel, 318–319
Pasteur, Louis, 101–102
Paterson Daily Press (newspaper), 282
Payne, John, 310
The Pearl (magazine), 233
pen, 215
Penguin English Dictionary, 227
Pepys, Samuel, 251–252
perestroika, 71, 120
The Periodical (OUP journal), 34
periodicals, as word documentation sources, 125, 219, 280, 282
-person words, 65
Perverts by Official Order, 52
pet, 215
Philological Society of London, 6–7, 34, 165, 273
philology, 5
philtrum, 258
Phineas Redux (Trollope), 149
photograph, 132
Picken, Ebenezer, 247–248
Pictorial History of the Civil War in the United States of America (Lossing), 59
Piers Plowman (Langland), 28
Pinter, Harold, 125
Pocket Oxford English Dictionary, 6, 9, 20, 21, 24, 150
poke, 182
policy wonks, 187
political correctness, language and, 65–66
Polychronican (Higden), 173
pom, 94–95
pomegranate, 94–95
Pommie bastard, 94
Pope, Alexander, 37, 219
Popular Mechanics (magazine), 33
popular sources for word documentation, 99, 125, 219, 280, 282
pouch, 182
prefilmic, 32–33
prehistory of words, 165–166
preliminary, 136
printer, 140
printing plates, destruction of, 143
printing technology, OED and, 70
The Professor and the Madman (Winchester), 44, 345