201 “Alas”: Fitzgerald Molloy, The Romance of Royalty, 2 vols. (London: Hutchinson, 1904), i, 45.
201 “Rest assured”: LRW, iii, 222.
201 “with infatuation”: Mayr-Ofen, Ludwig II of Bavaria, 65.
201 “first beloved”: “He loves me,” Wagner said of Ludwig, “with the depth and glow of a first love; he knows and fathoms everything about me, and understands me as my own soul”—Molloy, The Romance of Royalty, i, 45. On the of Plato, see Werner Jaeger, Paideia: The Ideals of Greek Culture, trans. Gilbert Highet, 3 vols. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), ii, 175.
201 “as to a mistress”: Mayr-Ofen, Ludwig II of Bavaria, 66; Molloy, The Romance of Royalty, i, 46.
201 “the moment”: Channon, The Ludwigs of Bavaria, 66.
201 “Shall I”: Mayr-Ofen, Ludwig II of Bavaria, 66.
202 Kissingen: Guy de Pourtalès, Louis II de Bavière (Paris: Gallimard, 1928), 32.
202 “My solitude”: Molloy, The Romance of Royalty, i, 48.
202 “death-in-love”: LRW, iii, 262.
202 “I have been”: LRW, iii, 262-63.
202 velvets, silks: Molloy, The Romance of Royalty, i, 52.
203 Same anxiety: “The Nuptials of Miss Kate Chase and Ex-Gov. Sprague,” The New-York Times, Sunday, November 15, 1863, 8.
203 He had done as much: Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), 73-74.
203 The sound of cheering: Ishbel Ross, Proud Kate: Portrait of an Ambitious Woman (New York: Harpers, 1953), 139.
203 A crowd: “The Nuptials of Miss Kate Chase and Ex-Gov. Sprague,” The New-York Times, Sunday, November 15, 1863, 8.
203 antipathy: Peg A. Lamphier, Kate Chase and William Sprague: Politics and Gender in a Civil War Marriage (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2003), 24-25.
203 a cold: LO, 90. 203 “back-stairs influence”: LSWPF, i, 234.
204 “was left in the hands”: LSWPF, i, 240.
204 “unity and vigor”: LSWPF, i, 237.
204 “free and friendly”: LSWPF, i, 243.
204 other than Seward: DGW, i, 196.
204 “he should not have”: LSWPF, i, 244.
204 The dress: “The Nuptials of Miss Kate Chase and Ex-Gov. Sprague,” The New-York Tunes, Sunday, November 15, 1863, 8; LO, 90; Ross, Proud Kate, 142
204 “modest and retiring”: “The Nuptials of Miss Kate Chase and Ex-Gov. Sprague,” The New-York Times, Sunday, November 15, 1863, 8.
204 social flattery: Ross, Proud Kate, 148.
204 Her conversation: Ibid.
204 Lord Lyons: Mary Merwin Phelps, Kate Chase: Dominant Daughter (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1935), 114.
204 Each week: Ross, Proud Kate, 125.
204 The government of Rhode Island: Sprague was said by some to have bought his offices—See John Niven, Salmon P. Chase: A Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 340; Mary Merwin Phelps, Kate Chase: Dominant Daughter (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1935), 126.
205 Bishop of Rhode Island: Niven, Salmon P. Chase: A Biography, 342.
205 a drooping aspect: Ibid., 343.
205 At fifteen: Phelps, Kate Chase, 125.
205 “limited”: Ross, Proud Kate, 124.
205 “I have not had”: Niven, Salmon P. Chase: A Biography, 341.
205 As a pledge: Phelps, Kate Chase, 132.
205 “brandies and whiskies”: Alice Hunt Sokoloff, Kate Chase for the Defense (New York: Dodd, Meade, 1971), 87.
205 “dyspepsia”: Ibid.
205 “be very cross”: Ibid.
205 He had receieved: John G. Nicolay, “Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address,” in The Century, vol. xlvii, no. 4 (February 1894), 597.
206 “the feelings of the best”: Lincoln, “Address to the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois: The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions,” January 27, 1838, SW, 1832-1858, 32.
206 To “fortify”: Ibid. (emphasis in original).
206 Young Italy: The Documentary History of Western Civilization: Metternich’s Europe, ed. Mack Walker (New York: Walker, 1968), 160-69.
206 Young England: Robert Blake, Disraeli (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1967), 167-89.
206 “cause be naked”: Lincoln, “Address to the Washington Temperance Society of Springfield, Illinois,” February 22, 1842, SW, 1832-1858, 83.
206 like Bismarck: Henry A. Kissinger, “The White Revolutionary: Reflections on Bismarck,” D, vol. 97, no. 3 (Summer 1968), 890.
206 read Byron: HLL, 258, 420.
206 “hypochondriasm”: HLL, 171; Lincoln to John T. Stuart, January 20, 1841, SW, 1832-1858, 68.
206 the “divine right”: Benjamin Disraeli, “General Preface to the Collected Edition of His Novels (the Hughenden Edition Preface),” BE, i, xi.
206 Disraeli: The romantic qualities of Disraeli’s mind and statesmanship are analyzed by Isaiah Berlin in his essay, “Benjamin Disraeli, Karl Marx and the Search for Identity,” in Berlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, 252-86. Like other romantic nationalists, Disraeli was preoccupied with racial differences. There was, he said, “nothing like Race: it compromises all truths”—Disraeli to Mrs. Brydges Williams, May 14, 1860, LBD, iv, 321. Disraeli sought, through his program of Christian neo-feudal paternalism, to “dish” the Whigs and terminate the “monopoly” of the free-state liberals-LBD, iv, 551-53; Berlin, “Benjamin Disraeli, Karl Marx and the Search for Identity,” 267.
206 Marx: The romantic character of Marx is analyzed by Edmund Wilson in his essay, “Karl Marx: Prometheus and Lucifer,” in Wilson, To the Finland Station, 111-19.
207 Father Jahn: Hans Kohn, “Father Jahn’s Nationalism,” RP, vol. 11, no. 4 (October 1949), 419-32; Zoltan Michael Szaz, “The Ideological Precursors of National Socialism,” WPQ, vol. 16, no. 4 (December 1963), 924-45.
207 “deeper and more attractive”: John Henry Newman, Apologia pro vita sua, ed. Ian Ker (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1995), 99.
207 At noon: “The National Cemetery Dedication,” The New-York Times, Thursday, November 29, 1863, 1.
207 He arrived: LDD, iii, 221; John G. Nicolay, “Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address,” in The Century, vol. 47, no. 4 (February 1894), 597.
207 At ten o’clock: Nicolay, “Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address,” in The Century, vol. 47, no. 4 (February 1894), 602.
207 After various delays: Ibid., 602; “The Heroes of July,” The New-York Times, Friday, November 20, 1863, 1.
207 skeletons: Garry Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), 33.
207 military salute: “The Heroes of July,” The New-York Times, Friday, November 20, 1863, 1.
207 uncovered: Ibid.
207 some men told: Ibid.
207 “dedicatory remarks”: Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg, 35.
207 “Darling”: Sergei Tolstoy, Tolstoy Remembered by His Son, trans. Moura Budberg (New York: Atheneum, 1962), 3.
207 superstitious regard: Ibid., 4.
207 They named: Ibid.
207 “free man”: Tolstoy to A. A. Fet, January 23, 1865, TL, 193.
207 “lucky enough”: Tolstoy to A. A. Fet, January 23, 1865, TL, 193.
208 “constantly frustrates”: DST, 28.
208 Lubka: Aylmer Maude, The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1910), 303.
208 Mashka: Ibid., 302.
208 “I am to gratify”: DST, 27 (emphasis in orginal).
208 “everything collapses”: T, 267.
208 “I am happy”: T, 269.
208 “Where is it”: T, 265
208 “the fatherland”: DST, 24-25.
208 “I’m not cut out”: DST, 22.
208 “teacher”: Tolstoy to Countess A. A. Tolstoya, October 1863, TL, 182.
208 did not know what to teach: Tolstoy, A Confession, trans. Jane Kentish (London: Penguin, 1987), 27.
208 Th
e belief that: Tolstoy, War and Peace, trans. Rosemary Edmonds (London: Penguin, 1982), 1401.
209 “I’ve never felt”: Tolstoy to Countess A. A. Tolstoya, October 1863, TL, 182.
209 “is not a novel”: Tolstoy to M. N. Katkov, January 3, 1865, TL, 191.
209 But neither was it: Tolstoy to Princess L. I. Volkonskaya, May 3, 1865, TL, 194.
209 “There are marvelous”: Tolstoy to Countess A. A. Tolstaya, January 18-23, 1865, TL, 192.
209 All’s Well: Tolstoy to A. A. Fet, May 10-20, 1866, TL, 206.
209 “Probably”: Tolstoy to A. A. Fet, January 23, 1865, TL, 193.
209 “I said to myself”: Ibid.
209 “I am being reborn”: DST, 25.
209 In the mornings: Maude, The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years, 320.
209 “a bit of his life”: Ibid., 309.
209 “aims of art”: Tolstoy to P. D. Boborykin, July-August 1865, TL, 197.
209 “to make people”: Ibid.
209 “a matter of complete”: Tolstoy to Countess A. A. Tolstaya, November 14, 1865, TL, 198-99.
209 “on The History of 1812”: DST 26.
209 “He is writing”: T, 272.
209 “that his mental state”: DST, 26.
209 “so clever”: DST, 35 (emphasis in orginal).
209 She relieved him: Maude, The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years, 294.
209 She cared: DST, 30.
210 magnifying glass: T, 274.
210 “As I copy”: DST, 42.
210 “irritable and excited”: Ibid.
210 “All the parts”: Ibid.
19. That a Nation Might Live
211 “Four score and seven”: Lincoln, “Address at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,” November 19, 1863, SW, 1859-1865, 536.
211 “the last full measure”: Ibid.
212 he went to bed: Donald, Lincoln, 467.
212 unsuspecting Danes: “The War in Denmark” The Times, Tuesday July 5, 1864, 12.
212 batteries: Norman B. Judd to Seward, April 20, 1864, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
212 he dispensed with: Arden Bucholz, Moltke and the German Wars 1864-1871 (Basingstoke, Hants: Palgrave, 2001), 78-79, 80-81; Walter Goerliz, History of the German General Staff 1657-1945, trans. Brian Battershaw (New York: Frederick Praeger, 1956), 83-84; T. N. Dupuy, A Genius for War: The German Army and General Staff 1807-1945 (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977), 72-73.
212 retire behind their fortifications: Norman B. Judd to Seward, February 11, 1864, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13; Herbert, The Danes in Camp, 70.
212 “not crushing”: John Lothrop Motley to Seward, March 7 1864, SD NARA T157/ROLL 6.
212 Moltke became: F. E. Whitton, Moltke (New York: Henry Holt, 1921), 83; Bucholz, Moltke and the German Wars 1864-1871, 97.
212 The distress: Herbert, The Danes in Camp, 88.
212 Their capital: B, 179.
212 Their military power: Norman B. Judd to Seward, May 10, 1864, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
212 leveled to the ground: Ibid.
212 a pinging sound: Herbert, The Danes in Camp, 190-91.
213 black coffins: Ibid., 214.
213 would fly: A small portion of northern Schleswig was ceded to Denmark pursuant to the Treaty of Vienna (1864). After the plebiscite of 1920 much of upper Schleswig was returned to Denmark—NCMH, vol. xiv, Atlas, ed. H. C. Darby and Harold Fullard (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), 143.
213 “splendid prize”: Lord Robert Cecil, “Foreign Policy,” in Cecil, Essays by the Late Marquess of Salisbury, K.G., 220, 229.
213 “completely master”: Herrmann Kreisman to Seward, August 6, 1864, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
213 Fortune: Ibid.
213 Biarritz: Ibid.
213 During his sojourn: John George Louis Hesekiel, The Life of Bismarck, Private and Political, trans. Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie (London: James Hogg, 1870), 353.
213 “We know”: “Foreign Intelligence,” The Times, Thursday, November 26, 1863, 10.
214 If they urged: Ibid.
214 The budget: Norman B. Judd to Seward, February 2, 1864, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
214 an emergency supply: Ibid.
214 to raise a loan: Ibid.
214 less fierce: Gordon A. Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army 1640-1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964), 171.
214 The lawmakers sympathized: Norman B. Judd to Seward, January 12, 1864, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
214 “bring a relief”: Ibid.
214 Bismarck, it is true: Bismarck to Count Bernstorff, February 4, 1864, in “Denmark and Germany,” The Times, Thursday, February 11, 1864, 9.
214 “under her zeal”: Norman B. Judd to Seward, February 18, 1864, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
214 “territorial aggrandizement”: Ibid.
214 “A great many paper missiles”: Lord Robert Cecil, “Foreign Policy,” in Cecil, Essays by the Late Marquess of Salisbury, K.G., 223. The dilemma of England was described by Henry Kissinger in A World Restored: “An insular power,” Kissinger writes, “may fight its wars in the name of the European equilibrium, but it will tend to identify the threats to the equilibrium with threats to its immediate security. Because its policy is defensive and not precautionary, it will make the cause of war depend on an overt act which ‘demonstrates’ the danger. But the danger to the equilibrium is never demonstrated until it is already overturned, because an aggressor can always justify every step except the crucial last one as the manifestation of limited claims, and exact acquiescence as the price of continued moderation”—A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace 1812-1822 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973), 163.
214 “The friendship of England”: Norman B. Judd to Seward, May 28, 1864, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
214 John Bull: Lord Robert Cecil, “Foreign Policy,” in Cecil, Essays by the Late Marquess of Salisbury, K.G., 204-05.
214 decadent Carthage: Heinrich von Treitschke, The Fire-Test of the North German Confederation, trans. Frederick Arthur Hyndman (London: Longmans, Green, 1870), 27.
215 “of the most wanton”: Lord Robert Cecil, “Foreign Policy,” in Cecil, Essays by the Late Marquess of Salisbury, K.G., 231.
215 “I wasted several”: B, 173.
215 a wildness: “If, by [the] timid language and false love of peace [of the European powers],” Lord Rober Cecil wrote in 1864, “Germany is encouraged to believe that she can set treaties at defiance with impunity, a Continental war will result, in which it is almost impossible that England should not be forced to take a part…. In every portion of Europe the combustible materials lie scattered ready for the match. If they are kindled into war, no human power can set bounds to the conflagration, or predict the limits of its rage”—Cecil, “The Danish Duchies,” in Essays by the Late Marquess of Salisbury, K.G., 148. The victory over the Danes, the correspondent for The Times wrote, was a lesson to all “Bismarcks, present or to come.” Could such strongmen add “ever so little and insignificant” a piece of land to the territory governed from Berlin, they would receive “full absolution from a large part of Prussian public opinion.” “There is one idea,” the correspondent said, “which the true Prussian welcomes more than freedom, progress, or any other watchword of the Liberal Deputies in the Chamber; that idea is the extension of the Prussian state, whether at the expense of Germany or of a neighboring country…. We do not pretend to foresee the future, but it requires no great acuteness to discern that a movement has begun in Northern Europe which will lead to changes more important than any since 1815”—The Times, May 4, 1864, 10.
215 “Don’t put yourself”: Emile Ollivier, The Franco-Prussian War and Its Hidden Causes (Boston: Little, Brown, 1912), 404.
215 “taste for conquest”: Gedanken, ii, 17-18.
215 “When I have an enemy”: Gay, The Cultivation of Hatred, 254.
215 “God help”: MCCW, 519.
215 “like a pall”: MCCW, 501.
215 “How I wish”: MCCW, 452.
216 “u
tterly depressed”: MCCW, 594.
216 “unbroken wills”: MCCW, 595.
216 “good child”: MCCW, 601.
216 “one white man”: McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 611.
216 liquid assets: Ibid., 437-42.
216 The Russian navy: E. A. Adamov, “Russia and the United States at the Time of the Civil War,” JMH, vol. 2, no. 4 (December 1930), 586-602; Woldman, Lincoln and the Russians, 135-48.
216 Russia’s demonstration of support: The Tsar, in sending his fleets to the United States, acted out of self-interest as well as principle; in American waters his fleets would be in a stronger position vis-à-vis the British navy than they would be in their home ports. In 1863 the Tsar feared that England and France would intervene in Poland, and that the intervention would lead to war—Adamov, “Russia and the United States at the Time of the Civil War,” JMH, vol. 2, no. 4 (December 1930), 602.
216 “walked with me slowly”: MCCW, 532.
217 “my sweet Annie”: REL, ii, 421.
217 Rheumatism: MCCW, 569.
217 “Poor lame mother”: MCCW, 450.
217 “old Revolutionary times”: MCCW, 450.
217 “the very first man”: MCW, 573.
217 low bows: MCCW, 504.
217 “Poor boy”: MCCW, 586.
217 tears: MCCW, 589.
217 “I would not care”: MCCW, 588 (emphasis in original).
217 enraged constituents: MCCW, 568, 578.
217 He could still: MCCW, 578.
217 shrieks: MCCW, 571.
218 ominous thudding: MCCW, 566.
218 restive: See, e.g., “Runaways!” Republican Vindicator, July 15, 1864.
218 President Davis’s manservant: MCCW, 535.
218 “Mary”: MCCW, 564.
218 “I am to be left”: MCCW, 589.
218 “This horrid, horrid”: MCCW, 468.
218 “charged it all”: MCCW, 461.
218 The proprietor: MCCW, 462.
218 “jungle South”: Alfred Kazin, On Native Grounds: An Interpretation of Modern American Prose Literature (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1942), 460.
218 throbbed: MCCW, 462.
218 “I knew”: Ibid.
218 “As she lifted”: Ibid.
218 without life … “in a stony way”: MCCW, 463.
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