219 “awful depression”: MCCW, 470.
219 “sailors who break”: MCCW, 519.
219 “hospitality”: MCCW, 517.
219 “your plan”: MCCW, 514. In fact, James Chesnut continued to protest what he regarded as his wife’s social extravagance.
219 A typical dinner: MCCW, 515.
219 Heros von Borcke: MCCW, 514-15, 529, 548-53, 572, 580-90, 596; Heros von Borcke, Colonel Heros von Borcke’s Journal, 26 April-8 October 1862, trans. Stuart Wright (Palaemon Press, 1981), 11; Edgar Erskine Hume, “Colonel Heros von Borcke: A Famous Prussian Volunteer in the Confederate States Army,” in Southern Sketches, First Series, no. 2, ed. J. D. Eggleston (Charlottesville, VA: Historical Publishing, 1935), 23.
219 “After the battles”: MCCW, 519.
219 the conversation: MCCW, 519-20.
220 “The darling!”: MCCW, 431.
220 “That is”: MCCW, 555.
220 Hood: MCCW, 547.
220 The “Cause glorifies”: MCCW, 588.
220 “care for him”: MCCW, 554.
220 “You foolish child!”: Ibid.
220 “Why”: MCCW, 555.
20. The Valiant Men
221 He stood: T. Harry Williams, Lincoln and His Generals (New York: Vintage, 1952), 310; Richard Henry Dana quoted in W. E. Woodward, Meet General Grant (New York: Horace Liveright, 1928), 309; Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (New York: Konecky & Konecky, 2005), 123.
221 Five days earlier: PMUSG, 357-58.
221 “It seems that”: Wilson, Patriotic Gore, 138.
221 barrel of whiskey: Woodward, Meet General Grant, 119.
222 rode into town: PMUSG, 106.
222 old blue army coat: Woodward, Meet General Grant, 123.
222 “He was actually”: Ibid., 125.
222 In May 1860: PMUSG, 106-07
222 “I was no”: PMUSG, 118.
222 “I can’t spare”: Williams, Lincoln and His Generals, 86.
222 “The Father”: Lincoln to James C. Conkling, August 16, 1863, SW, 1859-1865, 498.
222 “Grant”: Williams, Lincoln and His Generals, 272.
222 After dining: LO, 104.
222 only once before: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 19.
222 “Why, here is”: Ibid.
222 “quietest little fellow”: Francis F. Browne, The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln (New York: N. D. Thompson, 1887), 612.
223 “nation’s appreciation”: PMUSG, 358.
223 His voice: John G. Nicolay, With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, ed. Michael Burlingame (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 130.
223 “above all”: PMUSG, 358.
223 system and discipline: PMUSG, 364.
223 auxiliary departments: Bruce Catton, Grant Takes Command (New York: Book-of-the-Month Club, 1994), 138-39.
223 Grant fixed: PMUSG, 401.
223 “makes things git”: Browne, The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln, 612 (emphasis in original).
223 Clausewitz said: Carl von Clausewitz, On War, ed. Anatol Rapoport (London: Penguin, 1982), 150.
224 headquarters near Meade’s: PMUSG, 359.
224 coup d’œil: Clausewitz, On War, 141.
224 The new system: An elaborate web of telegraph wires made the new system of command possible. In the Army of the United States all the lines converged upon Grant, and they enabled him to advise not only Meade, whenever the two men were separated, but the commanders in the other principal theaters of the war as well. The same principle extended to the commanders to the corps commands. Moltke, in Prussia, refined the technique of attaching to each corps commander a staff officer who could both advise the commander on questions of strategy and maintain communications with the army’s principal strategists. Grant adopted a similar technique, though he did not, at first, follow it with inflexible rigor. As a result of his failure to do so, General Burnside, commanding IX Corps during the battle of Spotsylvania Court House, unwittingly surrendered an important advantage he had gained. “I attach no blame to Burnside for this,” Grant wrote, “but I do to myself for not having had a staff officer with him to report to me his position”—PMUSG, 409-10, 419.
224 116,000 Union soldiers: PMUSG, 452.
224 continued to hold: “America,” The Times, November 18, 1863, 12; PMUSG, 364.
224 General Sherman: William T. Sherman, Memoirs of William T. Sherman, 2 vols. (New York: D. Appleton, 1875), ii, 31.
224 “all along the line”: PMUSG, 365-66.
224 helped … to shape: Donald, Lincoln, 498-99.
224 “Those not skinning”: Williams, Lincoln and His Generals, 309; compare PMUSG, 373.
224 The sun was bright: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 42.
224 Battle-stained standards: Ibid.
224 sword and a sash: Ibid., 41.
224 thread-gloves: Ibid., 41, 65.
224 The region: Ibid., 49.
224 almost impenetrable: PMUSG, 392.
225 Bursting shells: PMUSG, 407.
225 chain-smoked cigars: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 45, 56, 59, 64, 70.
225 more desperate fighting: PMUSG, 408.
225 did not show it: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 65.
225 “with almost superhuman”: PMUSG, 96.
225 “I had known him”: Ibid.
225 “for an explosion”: Wilson, Patriotic Gore, 161.
225 “determined to butt”: Williams, Lincoln and His Generals, 311.
225 “the grit of a bull-dog”: Donald, Lincoln, 501 (emphasis in original).
225 savage: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 110.
225 Muskets crossed: Ibid., 111.
225 disappeared: Ibid., 65.
225 “purpose to fight”: PMUSG, 419.
226 “My dear Von”: Heros von Borcke, Memoirs of the Confederate War for Independence, 2 vols. (New York: Peter Smith, 1938), ii, 313-14; Hume, “Colonel Heros von Borcke: A Famous Prussian Volunteer in the Confederate States Army,” in Southern Sketches, First Series, no. 2, 14.
226 “We must”: L, 410-11.
226 costly assaults: PMUSG, 442.
226 detested the American President: A. R. Tyrner-Tyrnauer, Lincoln and the Emperors (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1962), xvi, 161.
226 steadily rejected: German diplomats naturally made the most of Bismarck’s opposition to intervention and prudently overlooked his motives. Bismarck was “true to the Union during the Civil War,” Count Bernstorff said, “and averse to any recognition of the independence of the Southern Confederacy, whenever such proposals were put forward from other quarters”—Count Bernstorff, “Abraham Lincoln as the Germans Regarded Him: Address Delivered at Springfield, Illinois, February 12, 1913,” NYPL, 18.
226 “clockwork”: Bismarck to his sister, October 4, 1860, Gesammelten Werke, xiv (1), 562.
226 melancholy of one who: Bismarck to his wife, July 3, 1851, Gesammelten Werke, xiv (1), 230.
227 “If there is”: Stern, Gold and Iron, 89.
227 “It was borne”: Bismarck to Heinrich von Puttkamer, December 21, 1846, in Gall, Bismarck, i, 24.
227 “As God will”: Headlam, Bismarck and the Foundation of the German Empire, 134.
227 “God’s cards”: Gall, Bismarck, i, 140.
227 “see where the Lord”: BMS, 115.
227 “The will of God”: Lincoln, “Meditation on the Divine Will,” ca September 1862, SW, 1859-1865, 359.
228 “probably it is”: Allen G. Guelzo, Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 2003), 463.
228 kept his theology: Ibid., 19, 21, 447, 462-63.
228 “God disposes”: Lincoln, “Address at Sanitary Fair, Baltimore, Maryland,” April 18, 1864, SW, 1859-1865, 589.
228 “plain between”: Life and Letters of Bayard Taylor, ed. Marie Hansen-Taylor and Horace E. Scudder, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885), i, 409.
228 lecture on Russia: Ibid., ii, 41
7.
228 Lincoln attended: LDD, iii, 221; Woldman, Lincoln and the Russians, 141.
228 “I think”: Lincoln to Bayard Taylor, December 25, 1863, SW, 1859-1865, 564.
229 “I should be”: Donald, Lincoln, 527.
229 Miscegenation Proclamation: McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 789.
229 “seems exceedingly probable”: Lincoln, “Blind Memo,” August 23, 1864, SW, 1859-1864, 624.
229 “some great change”: Donald, Lincoln, 527 (emphasis omitted).
229 The imperial train: The Times, Tuesday, April 25, 1865.
229 spinal malady: Cassius Marcellus Clay to Seward, April 24, 1865, SD NARA M35/ROLL 20; MOAR, 152.
229 word spread: Cassius Marcellus Clay to Seward, April 24, 1865, SD NARA M35/ROLL 20.
229 profound depression: The Times, Tuesday, April 25, 1865.
229 words of courtesy: Ibid.
229 frightfully thin: LGT, 167.
229 during a foxhunt: Ibid.
230 like an old man: Ibid.
21. Power and Enchantment
231 Mary Chesnut: MCCW, 601.
231 “No room”: MCCW, 604.
231 “Try something else”: Ibid. (emphasis added).
231 felt pity: MCCW, 581.
232 sobbing bitterly: MCCW, 610.
232 came upon Buck: In the interest of narrative economy I have omitted the interval of time that passed between Mary Chesnut’s arrival in Columbia and her coming upon Buck at the head of the stairs.
232 shone black: MCCW, 622.
232 “I have prayed”: Ibid.
232 ordered the door: Joshua F. Speed, Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln (Louisville, KY: John P. Morton, 1884), 26.
232 provoke the President: Ibid.
232 “Well, ladies” and the account that follows: Ibid., 26-28.
233 tightening around the neck: “America,” The Times, Monday, March 13, 1865, 9.
233 forebodings of defeat: David Homer Bates, “Lincoln’s Forebodings of Defeat at the Polls,” The Century, vol. 74, no. 4, August 1907), 617-20.
233 His feet and hands: HLL, 424.
233 “tired spot” LO, 239 n. 55.
234 “Speed”: Speed, Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, 28.
234 Lincoln went early: “Another Account,” The New-York Times, Sunday, March 5, 1865, 1.
234 The wind howled: SDC, 67
234 dark, leaden, soaking: SDC, 66.
234 The streets: “The Inauguration,” The New-York Times, Sunday, March 5, 1865, 1.
234 feared mischief: DGW, ii, 251.
234 a bodyguard: William C. Harris, Lincoln’s Last Months (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2004), 139.
234 sharp trot: SDC, 63.
234 The lines cut deeper: SDC, 64.
234 Rain: “The Inauguration,” The New-York Times, Sunday, March 5, 1865, 1; Nicolay, With Lincoln in the White House, 175.
234 Vice President’s room: “The President at Work,” The New-York Times, Saturday, March 4, 1865, 4; LO, 167.
234 Thirty-Eighth Congress: “Adjournment of Congress,” The New-York Times, Sunday, March 5, 1865, 1.
234 printed on a half-sheet: LO, 168.
234 The newspapermen: “From Washington,” The New-York Times, Saturday, March 4, 1865, 1.
234 Associated Press reported: “The Inaugural Address,” The New-York Times, Saturday, March 4, 1865, 4.
234 Ladies and newspapermen: “Our Special Account,” The New-York Times, Monday, March 6, 1865, 1.
234 “the best of us”: David Herbert Donald, “We Are Lincoln Men”: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003), 156, 176.
235 arm-in-arm: LO, 166.
235 consumed too much: LO, 166; “The Civil War in America,” The Times, Saturday, March 25, 1865.
235 “from the ranks”: “Our Special Account,” The New-York Times, Monday, March 6, 1865, 1.
235 “There is evidently”: DGW, 252.
235 A ray of sunshine: “Our Special Account,” The New-York Times, Monday, March 6, 1865, 1.
235 it was determined: Ibid.
235 “Don’t let Johnson”: Harris, Lincoln’s Last Months, 139.
235 A platform: LO, 167.
235 “On the occasion”: Lincoln, “Second Inaugural Address,” March 4, 1865, SW, 1859-1865, 686 (emphasis in original).
235 “Probably no other”: Lord Charnwood, Abraham Lincoln (New York: Henry Holt, 1928), 439. Mr. Gladstone, who had previously been captivated by the statesmanship of Jefferson Davis, professed to be ravished by the second inaugural address of Lincoln. “I am taken captive,” he said, “by so striking an utterance as this.” He however qualified his praise, and endeavored to vindicate his judgment, by observing that Lincoln must have grown in office.
236 “With malice”: Lincoln, “Second Inaugural Address,” March 4, 1865, SW, 1859-1865, 687.
236 “perhaps more like”: Lord Charnwood, Abraham Lincoln, 439.
236 collapsed: Donald, Lincoln, 568.
236 Petersburg stench: CP, 2, 140.
236 sticky tables: CP, 2, 7-8.
236 “Oh, my handsome”: CP, 143.
236 The frigate: This account of the funeral of the Tsarevitch is taken from “The Funeral of the Czarewich,” The Times, Thursday, June 15, 1865, 6.
237 “At that time”: Franco Venturi, Roots of Revolution: A History of the Populist and Socialist Movements in Nineteenth-Century Russia, trans. Francis Haskell (New York: Knopf, 1960), 348.
237 “As a rule”: Ibid.
237 His face was pale: Ibid., 344.
237 Dmitri Karakozov: Ibid.
238 He had been expelled: Ibid., 331-32.
238 “invent some sort”: Ibid., 335.
238 “abnormality of the social”: CP, 231.
238 “gave unmistakable evidence”: Richard Pipes, Russia Under the Old Regime (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1979), 297. The radical intelligentsia sought to sabotage Alexander’s liberal revolution—See ibid., 296.
238 “all men will become righteous”: CP, 231.
238 die before he had accomplished: Venturi, Roots of Revolution, 345.
238 Monastery of the Trinity: Ibid.
238 In March 1866: Ibid.
22. Muffled Drums
239 “the other fellow”: LO, 180.
239 “Thank God”: Browne, The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln, 690 (emphasis in original omitted).
239 the President declined: Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 715.
239 “you can’t put”: Ibid.
240 “sold us”: Jay Winik, April 1865: The Month That Saved America (New York: HarperCollins Perennial, 2002), 48.
240 Live torpedoes: Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 718.
240 The President descended: Ibid.
240 When the Marines: Ibid.; Donald, Lincoln, 576.
240 “I want to see”: Winik, April 1865, 119.
240 A devil was loosed: Ibid., 108.
240 whipped by the winds: Ibid., 109.
240 A hundred thousand: Ibid., 110.
240 “preserve order”: Ibid., 112.
240 “Glory to God!”: Ibid., 118.
240 Some of the former slaves: Donald, Lincoln, 576.
240 “Bless the Lord”: Browne, The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln, 691 (original spelling modernized).
241 “Don’t kneel”: Ibid., 691-92.
241 He entered: Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 719; Winik, April 1865, 119.
241 “This,” he said: Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, ed. Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel, 4 vols. (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956), iv, 728.
241 He spoke softly: Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 719.
241 “I want no one”: Donald, Lincoln, 574.
241 the Marseillaise: Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 723.
241 He then requested: Donald, Lincoln, 580.
241 He took up: Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 723.
241 Macbeth: Michael Knox Beran, “Lincoln, Macbeth, and the Moral Imagination,” Humanitas, vol. 11, no. 2 (1998), 4-21.
241 his favorite play: Lincoln to James H. Hackett, August 17, 1863, SW, 1859-1865, 493.
241 Lincoln lingered: Donald, Lincoln, 580.
241 “dark deed”: Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 723; Donald, Lincoln, 580.
241 the Weird Sisters: “Weird” is the old English word for the “principle, power, or agency by which events are predetermined; fate, destiny.” In Scotland, “Weirds” were witches or fairies who were supposed to possess the power to foresee and control future events. See The Oxford English Dictionary.
242 tolling of bells: Epstein, Lincoln and Whitman: Parallel Lives in Civil War Washington, 274.
242 dark, dripping Saturday: SDC, 306.
242 lilacs: SDC, 310.
242 Their fragrance: Ibid.
242 “black, black”: Epstein, Lincoln and Whitman, 275.
242 “noble career”: Gorchakov to Cassius Marcellus Clay, May 16, 1865, SD NARA M35/ROLL 20. The Tsar had not yet returned to Russia from his son’s deathbed when he was informed of Lincoln’s assassination. After Niks’s death, he and the Empress withdrew, for a time, to Darmstadt, the Empress’s hometown—“Russia,” The Times, Saturday, May 13, 1865, 5.
242 “Tried himself”: Gorchakov to Cassius Marcellus Clay, May 16, 1865, SD NARA M35/ROLL 20.
242 Mrs. Lincoln: Cassius Marcellus Clay to Hunter, May 16-18, 1865, SD NARA M35/ROLL 20.
242 “He was the noblest”: E. M. Almedingen, The Emperor Alexander II: A Study (London: Bodley Head, 1962), 205-06.
242 Now he draped: Norman B. Judd to Seward, April 27, 1865, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
242 no years fell: Ibid.
242 perfunctory: Bismarck to Norman B. Judd, April 1865, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
242 Saint Dorothea’s: “Prussia,” The Times, Saturday, May 6, 1865, 5.
243 found refuge: Norman B. Judd to Seward, April 29, 1865, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
243 “the modest greatness”: Remarks of Dr. William Loewe in the Prussian House of Deputies, April 1865, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
243 He asked the Chamber: Norman B. Judd to Seward, April 29, 1865, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13.
243 “right and law”: “Address of the Members of the Prussian House of Deputies,” April 28, 1865, NARA M44/ROLL13.
243 More than two hundred: Ibid.; “Prussia,” The Times, Saturday, May 6, 1865, 5.
243 most eminent members: Norman B. Judd to Seward, May 2, 1865, SD NARA M44/ROLL 13; compare “Prussia,” The Times, Saturday, May 6, 1865, 5.
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