Nashville, 71, 81, 82, 96, 167
Natchez Trace, 82
National Archives, 225
National Intelligencer, 48, 87, 149, 173, 321
Evarts’ essays in, 193–94, 195–96, 199, 200
Native Americans, see Indians
Neugin, Rebecca, 323
New Echota, 124–25, 127, 128, 130, 171, 172, 175, 176, 194, 211–12, 236, 242–43, 250, 256, 291–92, 296, 300–305, 323, 324, 340
Treaty of, 296–99, 300–305, 321
New Jersey, 139
New Madrid earthquake, 34
New Orleans, 29, 30, 35, 55, 63, 82, 166
Battle of, 50, 77–78, 86
New Salem, 265
newspapers, 173–74
Cherokee Phoenix, 171–73, 174–76, 177, 179–80, 187, 190, 194, 211, 212, 215, 226, 245, 256, 275
Boudinot’s resignation from, 212, 275, 276
printing press for, 174, 180, 194, 245, 261, 291–92, 293
Worcester and, 243, 244
Christian Watchman, 223–24
Freedom’s Journal, 174
Jackson and, 173–74, 193–94
National Intelligencer, 48, 87, 149, 173, 321
Evarts’ essays in, 193–94, 195–96, 199, 200
United States Telegraph, 176, 193
New York, 136–37
financial panic in, 308, 320
Tammany Hall in, 139
Niles’ Weekly Register, 239–40
North American Review, 204
North Carolina, 128–30, 305
Obama, Barack, 350
Ohio River, 4, 82
Old Tassel, 122
original sin, 222
Osceola, 285, 286, 287, 308–9, 321
death of, 309
Overton, John, 153, 187
Owle, Freeman, 347–48
Panoplist, 197
Pathkiller, 24, 124
Payne, John Howard, 292–93, 320–21
Payne’s Landing, 284
Penn, William, 194
Pennsylvania, 30, 139
Pensacola, 102, 103
People’s History of the United States, A (Zinn), 350
Peters, Sheree, 346
Philadelphia, 137, 144, 162, 211
Pittsburgh, 167
Poinsett, Joel R., 310, 322, 326, 329
Polk, James, 341
Potawatomi, 5
presidential elections:
of 1824, 101, 135–36, 143–44, 145–46, 149–50, 153–56, 167
of 1828, 19, 104, 171, 173, 180, 183–84, 191
of 1836, 307
Quakers, 320
railroads, 137, 231, 265
Rattlesnake Springs, 128–29
Red Clay, 295, 302, 323
Red Sticks, 14–15, 34, 35, 38–50, 102, 285
Revolutionary War, 27, 161, 178, 250
Cherokee and, 25
Lafayette in, 134, 135, 145
Ridge, John, 66, 178, 258, 277, 295–96, 297
murder of, 343
Ross and, 274–75
Ridge, Major, 7, 26, 44, 47, 66, 87, 90, 118, 121–24, 178, 211, 213, 214, 247, 249, 270, 274, 275, 328
Boudinot and, 176–77
in Cherokee Regiment, 26–27, 44, 123
Creeks and, 124
Doublehead and, 123
emigration of, 312–13
Jackson and, 157–58
murder of, 343
name of, 123
portrait of, 122
Ross and, 124
Treaty of New Echota and, 297–99, 301
upbringing of, 26, 122–23
in Washington, D.C., 157–58
wife of, 123–24
Rise of American Democracy, The (Wilentz), 350
Rome, 151
Roosevelt, Theodore, 343
The Winning of the West, 350–51
Roots (Haley), 100
Ross, Andrew (John’s brother), 279–80, 299
Ross, Daniel (John’s father), 55, 56
Ross, Jane (John’s daughter), 329
Ross, John, 1–4, 6–7, 29, 34, 36, 38, 55, 160, 188–92, 198, 219–20, 236, 246, 247, 261, 262, 270, 273, 297, 344, 346
annual message of, 209
Atkinson farm and, 109–10, 111–12
birth of, 25, 54, 59
capture of, 292–93, 294, 295
Cherokee constitutional convention and, 121, 124–28
and Cherokee efforts to evict white settlers, 212–15
in Cherokee emigration, 313, 315, 318, 319–20, 322, 326, 328, 329–36, 342–43
Cherokee Light Horse commanded by, 109, 111, 112–13, 212–13
on Cherokee Nation boundary, 53, 108
as Cherokee Nation leader, 1, 4, 6, 9–10, 57–58, 122, 124, 172
Cherokee Phoenix and, 172
in Cherokee Regiment, 5, 16, 22–25, 27, 41, 44, 45, 46, 50, 279
Cherokees’ support for, 249, 273, 276
children of, 23, 65, 107, 189
Christianity and, 65, 126–27
correspondence between federal commissioners and, 176
criticisms of, among Cherokees, 273, 276, 278
death of, 343
education of, 56
efforts to push white settlers off Cherokee lands, 108
Evarts and, 194, 195, 198–99
family history of, 53–56, 60
federal courts and, 244
and $5 million price for Cherokee land, 291, 296
Georgia and, 114, 117, 120
at Green Corn Festival, 54, 59
home claimed by white family, 291
homes of, 107–8, 211–12, 340
Jackson and, 4–5, 6, 7, 24, 85, 88, 90, 278–82, 284, 299, 330–33
Jackson written to by, 45, 107–8, 112–13, 190–91, 280–81
Kooweskoowe name of, 2, 54
land of, 57, 58
Marshall and, 251
McIntosh and, 164
mixed-race identity of, 2–4, 27, 53–54, 56–57, 58, 281, 310
Monroe and, 111, 128
North Carolina and, 128–30
physical appearance of, 56–57, 303
portrait of, 56
portrayals of, 351
promotion of, 65
Ridge (John) and, 274–75
Ridge (Major) and, 124
rise to prominence, 6
Scott and, 316
Seminoles and, 286–87, 310–11
slaves of, 57, 67, 199
Supreme Court decisions and, 247–48, 250, 251, 252, 255
Tennessee River journey of, 1–2, 8, 9, 58, 80
Treaty of New Echota and, 303
Van Buren and, 321, 322
and violence over land, 211–15
War of 1812 and, 6
in Washington, D.C., 86–87, 117, 118, 157, 158, 188–89, 190, 191, 278–80, 309–10, 343
wealth of, 57
white horsemen and, 2–4, 58
Wirt and, 252
Wool and, 300–302, 304
Worcester and, 242
Ross, Lewis (John’s brother), 23, 317, 333, 335
Ross, Mary (John’s second wife), 343
Ross, Mollie (John’s mother), 55
Ross, Quatie (Elizabeth; John’s first wife), 23, 65, 67, 107, 189
death of, 343
Ross’s Landing, 8, 57
Rossville, 340
Royall, Anne, 94
St. Augustine, 311
St. Louis, 29
Salem, 329
Savannah, 161, 162
Schermerhorn, John F., 295, 296, 299
Schlesinger, Arthur, 350
Scots-Irish, 68–69
Scott, Winfield, 316–19, 322–23, 324, 325, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 344
sectional politics, 260, 261
Seminoles, 9, 232–33, 272, 284–85, 300
Creeks and, 284
Jackson and, 102
Ross and, 286–87, 310–11
Second Seminole War, 286–87, 308–9, 310, 316, 342
/> slaves and, 285
Seneca Falls convention, 218
Sequoyah (George Guess), 24, 90, 171, 274
Sevier, John, 73
Sigourney, Mrs., 221, 223
slaves, slavery, 9, 30–31, 38, 96, 124, 141, 159, 160, 162, 184
abolition and, 142, 198, 204, 224
auction of, 198
Beecher’s view of, 224–25
in Black Belt, 341
Cherokee Phoenix and, 175
Clay and, 141–42
emancipation of, 226, 341, 342
escaped, 99, 140–41, 285
Garrison and, 226
in Georgia, 114
Jackson and, 70, 71, 72, 99, 140, 183
Missouri Compromise and, 261
Ross and, 57, 67, 199
Seminoles and, 285
Tocqueville on, 268
transport to Africa proposed for, 141–42, 175, 204, 226, 238
uprisings of, 159–60, 268
women against, 224–25
Smith, Margaret Bayard, 147, 148, 181, 183, 238
South Carolina, 115, 159–61, 185, 187, 197, 207, 232, 236, 257, 258, 260, 261
Cherokee land in, 160–61
Spain, 55, 63, 269
and Jackson’s invasion of Florida, 102
Standing Turkey, 61
steamboat service, 30, 137, 267–68
Storrs, Henry R., 234–35, 276
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 217, 218
Sunday mail service, 185, 217
Supreme Court, U.S., 162, 250, 251, 256–58, 261, 272, 274, 341
Brown v. Board of Education, 259
Cherokee Nation and, 247–49, 251–54, 255–60
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 247–49
Dred Scott decision of, 341
Worcester v. Georgia, 251–54
Takaki, Ronald, 350
Talladega, 27
Talladega National Forest, 337
Tallapoosa River, 27–28, 42, 44–45, 88, 123, 337
Tammany Hall, 139
Taney, Roger, 341
Tassel, George, 247
taxes, 185, 229, 240
Tecumseh, 32–34, 203
Telfair, Mary, 162
Tennessee, 8, 16, 20, 29, 70, 73, 83, 101, 122, 127, 139, 167, 236, 279–80
Tennessee Company, 82
Tennessee River, 8, 55, 81–82, 84, 85, 100, 107, 108, 231, 327, 338
Muscle Shoals, 2, 8, 80–84, 90–91, 92–94, 96, 98–100, 141, 231, 312–13, 339
Ross’s journey on, 1–2, 8, 9, 58, 80
Tennessee Valley, 9, 80, 81, 89, 91, 97, 137, 338
cotton and, 94–95
Texas, 306–7, 310, 341
Thayer, Sylvanus, 137–38
Thirty-Ninth Regiment, 14, 15, 27, 44
Thomas, William H., 345
Thompson, Wiley, 283–85
Timberlake, Henry, 61–63, 65
Tippecanoe, 32
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 268–69
Tohopeka, see Horseshoe Bend
Toward the Setting Sun (Hicks), 351
traders, 53, 60
Trail of Tears, 312–36, 342–43, 346, 350
Trail of Tears (Ehle), 351
treaties, U.S.–Indian, 32, 83, 253–54
with Cherokees, 6, 25–26, 47–48
of Dancing Rabbit Creek, 272
of Fort Jackson, 50, 80, 84
of Hopewell, 66
of Indian Springs, 164–66
of New Echota, 296–99, 300–305, 321
Treaty of Paris, 69, 115
Trollope, Frances, 157
Troup, George M., 7, 117, 161–62, 163, 164–65, 166
Truth’s Advocate and Monthly Anti-Jackson Expositor, 183, 184
Tsali, 344
Tugaloo River, 115
Turner, Nat, 268
Tuscaroras, 61
Tuscumbian, 137
Tuskina, 233, 234
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 218
United States:
Cherokees assimilated into, 9, 25
Constitution of, 70, 121, 125, 147, 244, 247, 250, 254
electoral votes and, 149, 154
and Jackson’s invasion of Florida, 102, 148
preamble of, 125–26
Declaration of Independence of, 69, 199
Greco-Roman tradition and, 151–52
map of, vs. Indian map, 8, 29, 63–64, 108, 114, 187, 206, 235, 236, 254
special role of, 196
Western frontier of, 29–30, 69
United States Congress, 138, 185, 195, 223, 224
House of Representatives, 133–35, 139, 146, 151
Clay in, 147–48, 150, 152
Indian Removal Bill and, 229–30
Jackson’s Florida campaign and, 147–49
Senate, 147, 149, 151
United States government:
alcohol sales and, 31
Bureau of Indian Affairs, 157
Cherokee delegations to, 87–88, 117, 118, 158, 190, 256, 278–80, 295–96
Cherokees’ annuities from, 6
Indian agents, 6, 190–91
Ridge’s visit to, 157–58
Ross’s visits to, 86–87, 117, 118, 157, 158, 188–89, 190, 191, 278–80, 309–10
treaties with Indian, 32, 83, 253–54
with Cherokees, 6, 25–26, 47–48
of Dancing Rabbit Creek, 272
of Fort Jackson, 50, 80, 84
of Hopewell, 66
of Indian Springs, 164–66
of New Echota, 296–99, 300–305, 321
War Department, 47, 301, 304, 310, 313, 316, 318–21
United States Telegraph, 176, 193
U.S. Military Academy, 137–38, 231, 232
U.S. Mint, 211
Van Buren, Martin, 146, 184, 186, 265–66, 272, 307–8, 316, 319, 320, 331, 332, 349
Cherokees and, 309–10
Osceola and, 309
Ross and, 321, 322
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 137, 267–68
Vann, James, 338
Vesey, Denmark, 159–60
Vietnam War, 286
violence, 47
voting rights, 218
Wachacha, Adam, 346–47
Wadsworth, Mrs. Daniel, 221
Ward, Nancy, 66
War Department, 47, 301, 304, 310, 313, 316, 318–21
War Hawks, 147
War of 1812, 3, 203, 300, 316
administraive chaos in, 35–36
British burning of Capitol during, 86, 133
Cherokee Regiment in, 5, 24–28, 87, 124
Creeks and, 41, 42, 44–46, 48
establishment of, 26
at Horseshoe Bend, 42–50, 67, 87, 123, 279
Ridge in, 26–27, 44, 123
Ross in, 5, 16, 22–25, 27, 41, 44, 45, 46, 50, 279
Creek in, 14–15
end of, 77, 144
Evarts and, 197
Jackson in, see Jackson, Andrew, in War of 1812
Ross and, 6
Washington, D.C., 86–87
British burning of, 86, 133
Capitol in, 86, 133
Cherokee delegations in, 87–88, 117, 118, 158, 190, 256, 278–80, 295–96
Ridge in, 157–58
Ross in, 86–87, 117, 118, 157, 158, 188–89, 190, 191, 278–80, 309–10, 343
Washington, George, 121, 134, 167, 250
Cherokee treaty and, 25–26
Indians and, 25–26, 63–64, 219–20
Weatherford, William (Lamochattee), 38–39, 48–49
Webster, Daniel, 244–45, 246, 261, 266
Webster, L. B., 324–26
West Point, 137–38, 231, 232
Whale, 44
Whig Party, 265, 277, 280, 316, 332
White Path, 304
Wickliffe, Charles, 231
Wilentz, Sean, 350
Wilkinson, James, 55
Willard Hotel, 188–89
Wilson, Woodrow, 349
Winning of the West, The (Roosevelt), 3
50–51
Wirt, William, 246–47, 248, 266
Marshall and, 250–51
Ross and, 252
Worcester v. Georgia and, 251–54
Wisconsin, 231
Wolf, Jerry, 347
women, 218
campaign against Indian removal by, 218–21, 223–26
Cherokee, 9, 25, 61, 65–67
slavery issue and, 224–25
voting rights for, 218
Wood, John, 13–14, 15, 17–21, 22, 29, 36, 183, 282
Woodward, Grace Steele, 351
Wool, John E., 300–305, 316, 318
Worcester, Ann, 242, 296
Worcester, Samuel, 127, 174, 177, 194, 242–45, 250, 251–52, 254, 260, 261, 272, 296, 327
arrest and imprisonment of, 243–44, 255, 258, 259, 260
Boudinot and, 243
Worcester v. Georgia, 251–54
Wright, Milly, 339–40
Yale College, 196–97
Yazoo fraud, 116, 118
Zinn, Howard, 350
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Jacksonland: A Great American Land Grab Page 44