The Hen Harrier
Page 32
Greenfinch Chloris chloris
Grouse, Black Lyrurus tetrix
Grouse, Red Lagopus lagopus
Gull, Great Black-backed Larus marinus
Gull, Black-headed Larus ridibundus
Gull, Common Larus canus
Gull, Herring Larus argentatus
Gull, Lesser Black-backed Larus fuscus
Harrier, African Marsh Circus ranivorus
Harrier, Australasian Circus aeruginosus approximans
Harrier, Black Circus maurus
Harrier, Cinereous Circus cinereus
Harrier, Hen Circus cyaneus
Harrier, Long-winged Circus buffoni
Harrier, Marsh Circus aeruginosus
Harrier, Montagu’s Circus pygargus
Harrier, Pallid Circus macrourus
Harrier, Pied Circus melanoleucus
Harrier, Spotted Circus assimilis
Hawk, Marsh (North American Hen Harrier) Circus cyaneus hudsonius
Heron, Grey Ardea cinerea
Hobby Falco subbuteo
Hoopoe Upupa epops
Jay Garrulus glanarius
Kestrel Falco tinnunculus
Kingfisher Alcedo atthis
Kite, Red Milvus milvus
Lapwing Vanellus vanellus
Lark, Crested Galerida cristata
Lark, Horned Eremophila alpestris
Linnet Acanthis cannabina
Mallard Anas platyrhynchus
Martin, Purple Progne subis
Merlin Falco columbarius
Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
Osprey Pandion haliaetus
Ouzel, Ring Turdus torquatus
Owl, Barn Tyto alba
Owl, Eagle Bubo bubo
Owl, Short-eared Asio flammeus
Owl, Tawny Strix aluco
Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralogus
Partridge Perdix perdix
Peregrine Falco peregrinus
Pheasant Phasianus colchicus
Pigeon, Wood Columba palumbus
Pipit, Meadow Anthus pratensis
Pipit, Tree Anthus trivialis
Plover, Golden Pluvialis apricaria
Plover, Ringed Charadrius hiaticula
Prairie chicken Tympanuchus cupido
Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus
Raven Corvus corax
Redpoll Acanthis flammea
Redshank Tringa totanus
Redwing Turdus iliacus
Robin Erithacus rubecula
Rook Corvus frugilegus
Sandpiper, Common Tringa hypoleucus
Sandpiper, Wood Tringa glareola
Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis
Shrike, Great Grey Lanius excubitor
Shrike, Woodchat Lanius senator
Siskin Carduelis spinus
Skylark Alauda arvensis
Snipe Gallinago gallinago
Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus
Sparrow, House Passer domesticus
Starling Sturnus vulgaris
Stonechat Saxicola torquata
Swallow Hirundo rusticus
Swan, Whooper Cygnus cygnus
Swift Apus apus
Teal Anas crecca
Thrush, Mistle Turdus viscivorus
Thrush, Song Turdus philomelus
Tit, Coal Parus ater
Tree Creeper Certhia familiaris
Twite A canthis flavirostris
Vulture, Turkey Cathartes aura
Wagtail, Pied Motacilla alba
Warbler, Grasshopper Locustella naevia
Warbler, Willow Phylloscopus trochilus
Water Rail Rallus aquaticus
Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe
Whinchat Saxicola rubetra
Whitethroat Sylvia
communis
Wigeon Anas penelope
Woodcock Scolopax rusticola
Woodpecker, Green Picus viridis
Wren Troglodytes troglodytes
Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella
APPENDIX 3
Non-Avian Species
Mentioned in the Text
Adder (Viper) Vipera berus
Beetles, Click (Elaterids)
Campylus lineatus
Colymbites cupreus:
Beetles, Dor Geotrupes sylvaticus: geotrupes stercorarius
Beetle, Great Water Dytiscus marginalis
Beetles, Ground Carabus catenulatus: Carabus pterostichus
Beetles, Weevils Otiorrhynchus
Birch Salix sp.
Bog Cotton, Cotton Grass Eriophorum angustifolium
Bog Myrtle Myrica gale
Bog-rush Schoenus nigricans
Bracken Pteridium aquilinum
Broom Sarothamnus scoparius
Butterfly, Peacock Nymphalis io
Butterfly, Scotch Argus Erebia aethiops
Crayfish Nephrops sp.
Deer Grass Scirpus cespitosus
Deer, Red Cervus elaphus
Deer, Roe Capreolus capreolus
Flying Fish Exocoetus volitans
Fox Vulpes vulpes
Foxglove Digitalis purpurea
Frog Rana temporaria
Hare, Brown Lepus europaeus
Hare, Mountain Lepus timidus
Hare, Leveret (young Hare) Lepus sp.
Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna
Heather sp. Calluna vulgaris: Erica sp.
Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus
Juniper Juniperus communis
Larch Larix sp.
Lemming (Norway) Lemnus lemnus
Lizard Lacerta sp.
Marram Grass Ammophila arenaria
Meadow Sweet Filipendula ulmaria
Mole Talpa europaea
Moss, Sphagnum Sphagnum sp.
Moth, Emperor Saturnia pavonia
Mouse, Meadow Microtus pennsylvanicus
Mouse, Wood Apodemus sylvaticus
Pine, Lodgepole Pinus contorta
Purple Moorgrass Molinia caerulea
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus
Rat, Brown Rattus norvegicus
Rhododendron sp. Rhododendron sp.
Rowan Sorbus aucuparia
Sea Buckthorn Hippophaë rhamnoides
Shrew, Pygmy Sorex minutus
Shrew, sp Sorex sp.
Skunk Mephitis sp.
Slow-worm Auguis fragilis
Spruce Picea sp.
Squirrel, Ground Citellus sp.
Stoat Mustula erminea
Thistle sp. Carduus sp.
Vole, Mountain or Northern Microtus oeconomus or Microtus ratticeps
Vole, Orkney Microtus arvalis orcadensis
Vole, Short-tailed Field Microtus agrestis
Vole, Water Arvicola amphibius
Whin, Gorse Ulex europaeus
Willow, Creeping Salix repens
Willow Salix sp.
Woodrush Luzula sp.
APPENDIX 4
Protection Under the Acts of 1954 and 1967
Degrees of Protection afforded to Predatory Birds (dealt with in the bookl Predatory Birds in Britain), by the Protection of Birds Acts 1954 and 1967 an subsequent amending orders: see S.I. 1970 No. 678 and No. 716 (S.53).
Ordinary Protection
Special Protection First Schedule of Act
Not Protected (may be killed or taken only by authorised persons): Second Schedule of Act
Buzzard
Goosander (England and Wales only)
Great Crested Grebe
Gull, Black-headed
Gull, Common
Heron
Kestrel
Merganser (Red-breasted) (England and Wales only)
Owl, Little
Owl, Long-eared
Owl, Short-eared
Owl, Tawny
Raven (except in Argyll and Skye where it is on Schedule 2)
Skua, Arctic
Skua, Great
Tern, Common
Bittern
Buzzard, Honey
Diver (all species)
Eagle, Golden
<
br /> Goshawk
Harrier (all species)
Hobby
Kingfisher
Kite
Merlin
Osprey
Owl, Barn
Peregrine
Sparrowhawk
Cormorant
Crow, Carrion
Crow, Hooded
Goosander (Scotland only)
Gull, Great Black-backed
Gull, Lesser Black-backed
Gull, Herring
Jackdaw
Jay
Magpie
Merganser, Red-breasted (Scotland only)
Rook
Shag
Bibliography
Ali, S. and Ripley, D. Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Vol. 1. 1968
Andris, K. Beobachturgen an Schlafplatzen der Kornweihe (Circus cyaneus) in der Oberrheinebene. (Sleeping places of the Hen Harrier in the Upper Rhine valley.) Vogelwelt 91. 1970
Audubon, J. J. The Original Water Colour Paintings for the Birds of America. Introduction by Michael B. Davidson. 1966
Bahr, P. H. Note on nest of Hen Harrier and protection in the Outer Hebrides. Annals of Scottish Natural History. 1907
Balfour, E. The Hen Harrier in Orkney. Bird Notes 27 and 30. 1959, 1962–63
——— pers. comm. (On the Hen Harrier in Orkney, etc.)
——— Iris Colour in the Hen Harrier. Bird Study 17. 1970
——— and Cadbury, C. J. A Population Study of the Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus in Orkney, in Goodier, R. (ed.). The natural environment of Orkney: Nature Conservancy Council. 1975
——— and Macdonald, M. A. Food and feeding behaviour of the Hen Harrier in Orkney. Scottish Birds 6. 1970
Bannerman, D. A. and Lodge, G. E. The Birds of the British Isles 1953–63
Baron Geyr. Uber Geselligkeit von Weihen (Circus) auf dem Zug und am Schlafplatz. Vogelwarte 19
Bartlett, K. W. W. pers. comm. (Five males associating in daytime.)
Bates, D. pers. comm. (Association of hunting Merlin and Hen Harrier.)
——— and Raines, R. J. Hunting association of two Birds of Prey. Cheshire Bird Report. 1972
Baxter, E. V. and Rintoul, L. J. A Vertebrate Fauna of Forth. 1935
——— The Birds of Scotland. 1953
Beebe, Frank L. Field Studies of the Falconiformes of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Museum. 1974
Bell, A. A. pers. comm. Results of analyses for organo-Schlorine chemicals. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.
Bent, A. C. Life Histories of North American Birds of Prey. Part 1. 1937
Bergman, S. In Korean Wilds and Villages. 1938
Bernis, F. Aves Migradornis Ibericas. 1966
Beveridge, F. S. Birds of North Uist. Scottish Naturalist. 1918
Bijleveld, M. Birds of Prey in Europe. 1974
Birkhead, T. R. A Winter Roost of Grey Herons. British Birds 66. 1973
Blake, E. The Hen Harrier—it fears nobody. Scots Magazine Dec. 1956
——— Return of the Hen Harrier. Scottish Field. Feb. 1961
Blezard, E. pers. comm. (Pellet analyses etc.)
Bolam, G. Birds of Northumberland and the Eastern Borders. 1912
——— Wild Life in Wales. 1913
Booth, E. T. Rough Notes on the birds observed during 25 years shooting and collecting in the British Isles. 1881–87
Booth, Graham. Birds in Islay. 1975
Breckenridge, W. J. An Ecological Study of some Minnesota Marsh Hawks. Condor. 37
Bremner, D. M. and Macdonald, D. Early Fledging of Hen Harrier brood. Scottish Birds 6. 1970–71
Brewster, K. W. pers. comm. (On many subjects.)
British Birds. Editorial: Birds of Prey—Time for action. Volume 68, Dec. 1975
British Field Sports Society and Council for Nature. Predatory Birds in Britain
British Trust for Ornithology and Irish Wildbird Conservancy. The Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland. 1976
British Trust for Ornithology. Unpublished Ringing Recoveries of Hen Harriers
Brown, L. and Amadon, D. Eagles, Hawks and Falcons of the World. 1968
Brown, L. British Birds of Prey. 1976
Bruce, Murray D. pers. comm. (per Dr K. W. Brewster). (On the Spotted Harrier.)
Bryant, D. M. pers. comm. (Winter records of Hen Harriers in Norfolk.)
Buerschaper, P. Illustrated Catalogue, Animals in Art, International Exhibition of Wildlife Art. Royal Ontario Museum, Canada. 1975
Buxton, A. Fisherman Naturalist. 1946
Campbell, B. Early Birdmen. Wildlife and the Countryside. 1970
Campbell, C. pers. comm. (Hen Harrier records at Caerlaverock.)
Campbell, J. W. The Rarer Birds of Prey: their present status in the British Isles. British Birds. 50.4. 1957
Chapman, Alfred. Notes and observations on the Birds of North Uist in May 1883. Scottish Naturalist 73. 1918
Clare, John. The Shepherd’s Calendar. (1823) 1964 ed.
Clark Kennedy. The Birds of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire. 1868
——— game books, Knockgray, Kirkcudbrightshire. c. 1870–80
Clugston, D. L. pers. comm. (Melanistic young Hen Harrier in Wales.)
Colley, L. pers. comm. (Hen Harrier records at Caerlaverock.)
Collier, The Birds of the island of Raasay. Ibis. 1904
Cox, C. J. Churchwardens’ Accounts. 1913
Coxon, P. pers. comm. (On the Hen Harrier in the Outer Hebrides and south-west Scotland.)
Craighead, J. J. and F. C. Hawks, Owls and Wildlife. 1956
Daniel, Rev. W. B. Rural Sports. 1807
Delacour, J. The Living Air. 1966
Delamain, J. Why Birds Sing. trans R. and A. Sarason. 1932
Dickson, R. C. pers. comm. (On the Hen Harrier in south-west Scotland.)
——— Prey taken by Hen Harriers in Winter. Scottish Birds 6. 1970.
——— Interaction of Short-eared Owl, Kestrel and Hen Harrier over pipit prey. British Birds 64. 1971
——— Hen Harriers’ hunting behaviour in south-west Scotland. British Birds 67. 1974
Dixon, C. Lost and Vanishing Birds. 1898
Donnachie, I. L. and MacLeod, Innes. Old Galloway. 1974
Doran, G. Some observations on General Nesting Behaviour of the Hen Harrier in Ireland. Irish Naturalists’ Journal. 18–9. 1976
Dresser, H. E. Birds of Europe. 1878
Dunbar, W. (The Fenyeit Friar of Tungland and other poems, c 1500.) in Collected Poems
D’Urban, W. S. M. and Matthew, Rev. M. A. Birds of Devon. 1895
Durman, R. Bird Observatories in Britain and Ireland. 1976
Ennion, E. A. R. Adventurer’s Fen. 1942
Errington, Paul L. Territory Disputes of three pairs of nesting Marsh Hawks. Wilson Bulletin 42. 1930
——— and Breckenridge, W. J. Food Habits of Marsh Hawks in the Glaciated Prairie Regions of North central U.S.A. American Midland Naturalist 17. 1936
Evans, A. H. Fauna of Tweed. 1911
Fisher, J. The Shell Bird Book. 1966
Flint, R. F. Glacial and Quaternary Geology. 1971
Forrest, H. E. The Vertebrate Fauna of North Wales. 1907
Galushin, V. M. Synchronous fluctuations in populations of raptors and their prey. Ibis 116. 1974
Geroudet, P. Les Rapaces d’Europe. 1965
Gibson, J. A. Birds of the Island of Arran. Transactions of the Buteshire Natural History Society 14. 1955
Gladstone, H. S. The Birds of Dumfriesshire. 1910
——— Notes on the Birds of Dumfriesshire. 1923
Glegg, W. E. A History of the Birds of Essex
Goodin, A. W. pers. comm. (Hen Harriers in the Inner Hebrides.)
Gordon, Seton. Hebridean Memories. 1923
Graham, H. D. (ed. Harvie-Brown) Birds of Iona and Mull. 1890
Gray, R. Birds of the West of Scotland. 1871
——— and Anderson, T. Birds of Ayrshire and Wigtownshire. 1869
Green, S. p
ers. comm. (Hen Harriers in Orkney.)
Guest, R. pers. comm. (On the Australasian Harrier.) (per Dr K. W. Brewster.)
Gurr, L. Communal Roosting of the Australasian Harrier in New Zealand. Ibis 110. 1968
Guthrie, D. Some Bird Notes from South Uist. Scottish Naturalist. 1919–20
Gwent Bird Report. 1975
Haas. Beobachtungen an Schlafplatz von drei Weihen-arten. Vogelwarte 19
Hagen, Y. The Hen Harrier as a breeding bird in Norway. British Birds 50.4. 1957
Hamerstrom, F. A Harrier Population Study: in Peregrine Falcon Populations; their biology and decline. ed. Hickey, J. J. 1969
——— pers. comm. (per Dr K. W. Brewster.)
Hamilton, M. K. pers. comm. (Heron attempting to attack Hen Harrier.)
Hammond, Merrill C. and Henry, C. J. Success of Marsh Hawk nests in N. Dakota. Auk 66. 1949
Harrison, J. M. The Birds of Kent. 1953
Harvie-Brown, J. A. and Buckley, T. E. A Vertebrate Fauna of Sutherland, Caithness and West Cromarty. 1887
Harvie Brown, J. A. and Buckley, T. E. A Vertebrate Fauna of the Moray Basin. 1895
——— and MacPherson, H. A. A Vertebrate Fauna of the North-west Highlands and Skye. 1904
——— Fauna of the Tay Basin and Strathmore. 1906
Hiraldo, Fernando. pers. comm. (per Dr K. W. Brewster.) (Hen Harrier habitat in Spain.)
Hogg, R. H. pers. comm. (Hen Harriers in the Hebrides and South-west Scotland.)
Holloway, Laurence G. pers. comm. (melanism in Montagu’s Harrier.)
Hope Jones, P. Birds of Merioneth. 1972
Hopkin, Nicol. On the Hen Harrier in Arran. Scottish Naturalist. 1917
Hopkins, Dr P. pers. comm. (Outer Hebrides.)
Hoskins, W. G. The Making of the English Landscape. 1955
Ingram, C. The importance of juvenile cannabalism in the breeding of certain birds of prey. Auk 76. 1959
Irving, D. L. pers. comm. (Counts at winter roost in south-west Scotland.)
Jakobs, B. Zum überwinter der Kornweihe, Circus cyaneus in der südlichen Eifel. Regulus 10. 1971
Jardine, Sir W. Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland. 1834–38
Jenkins, D., Watson, A. and Miller, G. R. Predation and Red Grouse Populations. Journal of Applied Ecology 1. 1964
Jones, Ewart. pers. comm. (per D. Scott). (Hen Harrier nests and breeding habitat in Ireland.)
Kennedy, P., Ruttledge, R. F. and Scroope, C. F. The Birds of Ireland. 1954
King, F. pers. comm. (The Hen Harrier in Co. Kerry, Ireland.)
Kinnear, N. B. Note on the Hen Harrier in the Outer Hebrides. Annals of Scottish Natural History. 1907
Kirkman, F. B. and Jourdain, F. C. R. British Birds. 1932
Lack, D. Ecological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds. 1968