Lincoln and the Power of the Press The War for Public Opinion

by Harold Holzer

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  DISSERTATIONS

  Anderson, Jeffrey Justin. “Joseph Medill: How One Man Influenced the Republican Presidential Nomination of 1860.” Master’s thesis, Roosevelt University, 2011.

  Borchard, Gregory Alan. “The Firm of Greeley, Weed, & Seward: New York Partisanship and the Press, 1840–1860.” Ph.D. diss., University of Florida, 2003.

  Phelan, Mary Cortona. Manton Marble of the New York World. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America, 1957.

  Rushton, Wyatt. “Joseph Medill of the Chicago Tribune.” Master’s thesis, University of Wisconsin, 1916.

  White, Jonathan W. “ ‘To Aid Their Rebel Friends:’ Politics and Treason in the Civil War North.” Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 2006.

  Woodard, David E. “Sectionalism, Politics, and Foreign Policy: Duff Green and Political Expansion, 1825–1865.” Ph.D. diss., University of Minnesota, 1996.

  JOURNAL ARTICLES

  Abrams, Ray H. “The Jeffersonian, Copperhead Newspaper.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 57 (July 1933): 260–83.

  “The American Newspaper Press.” Leisure Hour 13 (July 23, July 30, 1864).

  Ames, William E. “The National Intelligencer: Washington’s Leading Political Newspaper.” Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C., 66/68 (1966–1968): 71–83.

  Andrews, J. Cutler. “The Confederate Press and Public Morale.” The Journal of Southern History 32 (November 1966): 445–65.

  ———. “The Press Reports the Battle of Gettysburg.” Pennsylvania History 31 (April 1964): 176–98.

  “Army Correspondence. Its History.” The Nation 1 (July 20, 27, August 3, 1865).

  Baker, Thomas H. “Refugee Newspaper: The Memphis Daily Appeal, 1862–1865.” The Journal of Southern History 29 (August 1963): 325–44.

  Basler, Roy P. “James Quay Howard’s Notes on Lincoln.” Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 8 (December 1947).

  “Bennett, Greeley, and Raymond.” The Journalist 4 (October 2, 1886): 1–2.

  Biddle, Daniel R., and Murray Dubin. “ ‘God Is Settleing the Account’: African American Reaction to Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 137 (January 2013): 57–78.

  Blondheim, Menahem. “ ‘Public Sentiment Is Everything’: The Union’s Public Communications Strategy and the Bogus Proclamation of 1864.” Journal of American History 89 (December 2002): 869–99.

  Boritt, G. S. “A Question of Political Suicide: Lincoln’s Opposition to the Mexican War.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 67 (February 1974): 79–100.

  Boynton, H. V. “The Press and Public Men.” The Century 42 (October 1891): 853–62.

  Brooks, Noah. “Lincoln Reminiscences.” The Magazine of History 9 (February 1909): 107–8.

  ———. “Lincoln’s Inauguration.” Scribner’s Monthly 18 (August 1879): 584–85.

  ———. “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 31 (July 1865): 222–30.

  ———. “Personal Reminiscences of Lincoln.” Scribner’s Monthly 15 (February/March 1878): 673–81.

  Byars, William Vincent. “A Century of Journalism in Missouri.” Missouri Historical Review 15 (October 1920): 53–73.

  Carey, James W. “Technology and Ideology: The Case of the Telegraph.” Prospects 8 (1983), reprinted in Communication as Culture.

  Carpenter, Frank [Francis] B. “Anecdotes and Reminiscences of President Lincoln.” Appendix in Henry J. Raymond, Life and Public Services of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Derby & Miller, 1865): 725–66.

  Carter, L. Edward. “The Revolution in Journalism During the Civil War.” Lincoln Herald 73 (Winter 1971): 229–41.

  Carwardine, Richard. “Abraham Lincoln and the Fourth Estate: The White House and the Press During the Civil War.” American Nineteenth Century History 7 (March 2006): 1–27.

  Childers, Christopher. “Interpreting Popular Sovereignty: A Historiographical Essay.” Civil War History 57 (March 2011): 48–70.

  Clement, Edward H. “19th-Century Boston Journalism.” New England Magazine 35, 36, 37 (November 1906–September 1907).

  Clephane, Walter C. “Lewis Clephane: A Pioneer Washington Republican.” Records of the [District of] Columbia Historical Society 21 (1917): 263–77.

  Conlin, Michael F. “The Smithsonian Abolition Lecture Controversy: The Clash of Antislavery Politics with American Science in Wartime Washington.” Civil War History 46 (December 2000): 301–3.

  Croffut, William A. “Lincoln’s Washington: Recollections of a Journalist Who Knew Everybody.” Atlantic Monthly 145 (January 1930): 55–65.

  Crofts, Daniel. “A Fresh Look at the Diary of a Public Man.” Civil War History 55 (December 2009): 442–68.

  Crounse, Lorenzo Livingston. “The Army Correspondent.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 27 (October 1883): 627–34.

  Crouthamel, James L. “The Newspaper Revolution in New York, 1830–1860.” New York History 45 (1964): 91–113.

  Dicey, Edward. “Washington During the War,” Macmillan’s Magazine 6 (May 1862): 16–29.

  Dunlap, Lloyd A. “President Lincoln and Editor Greeley.” Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 5 (June 1948): 94–110.

  “The Effect of the News in This City.” New York Times, July 23, 1861.

  Ellis, Mrs. L. E. “The Chicago Times During the Civil War.” Illinois State Historical Society Transactions for 1932. Illinois State Historical Society Publications, No. 39.

  Emerson, Jason. “The Poetic Lincoln,” Lincoln Herald 101 (Spri
ng 1999): 4–12.

  Fiske, Stephen Ryder. “Gentlemen of the Press.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 26 (February 1863): 361–67.

  ———. “When Lincoln Was Inaugurated,” Ladies’ Home Journal (March 1897): 7–8.

  Fortier, John C., and Norman J. Ornstein. “Election Reform: The Absentee Ballot and the Secret Ballot—Challenges for Election Reform.” University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 36 (Spring 2003): 483–516.

  Francke, Warren. “Sensationalism and the Development of 19th-Century Reporting: The Broom Sweeps Sensory Details.” Journalism History 12 (Winter Autumn 1985): 80–85.

  Garbade, Kenneth D., and William L. Silber. “Technology, Communications, and the Performance of Financial Markets, 1840–1975.” The Journal of Finance 33 (1978): 819–32.

  George, Joseph, Jr. “Military Trials of Civilians Under the Habeas Corpus Act of 1863.” Lincoln Herald 98 (Winter 1996): 126–38.

  Gilbert, Joseph Ignatius. “I Reported the Gettysburg Address: An Eye-Witness Account by the Man Who Covered Lincoln’s Immortal Speech for the Associated Press.” Chicago Tribune, November 19, 1978.

  ———. “Lincoln in 1861; Lincoln in 1863; Lincoln at Washington; the Assassination.” Nineteenth Annual Convention, National Shorthand Reporters Association: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting. La Porte Ind.: Chase & Shepherd 1917): 131–37.

  “A Great American Journalist [Murat Halstead].” American Review of Reviews 38 (August 1908): 191–92.

  Green, Fletcher M. “Duff Green: Industrial Promoter.” Journal of Southern History 2 (February 1936): 29–42.

  Guelzo, Allen C. “Defending Emancipation: Abraham Lincoln and the Conkling Letter, 1863.” Civil War History 48 (December 2002): 313–37.

  Halley, R. A. A Rebel Newspaper’s War Story: Being a Narrative of the War History of the Memphis Appeal. Reprinted from the American Historical Magazine for April 1903.

  Halstead, Murat. “Recollections and Letters of General Sherman.” The Independent 5 (June 15, 1899): 1610–13.

  Harwell, Richard Barksdale. “Atlanta Publications of the Civil War.” The Atlanta Historical Bulletin 6 (July 1941): 165–99.

  Hawthorne, Nathaniel [A Peaceable Man]. “Chiefly About War Matters.” Atlantic Monthly 10 (July 1862): 43–61.

  “Henry Villard.” The Nation 71 (November 15, 1900).

  Holzer, Harold. “ ‘Thrilling Words’ or ‘Silly Remarks’: What the Press Said About the Gettysburg Address.” Lincoln Herald 90 (Winter 1998): 144–45.

  Horner, Harlan Hoyt. “Lincoln Replies to Horace Greeley.” Lincoln Herald 53 (Spring 1951): 2–10.

  Huff, Lawrence Adams. “Joseph Addison Turner: Southern Editor During the Civil War.” The Journal of Southern History 29 (November 1963): 469–85.

  Johnson, Albert E. H. “Reminiscences of the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War.” Records of the Columbia Historical Society 13 (1910): 69–97.

  Jones, John Paul, Jr. “The Confederate Press and the Government.” Americana 37 (January 1945): 7–27.

  Kendall, John S. “The Foreign Language Press of New Orleans.” The Louisiana Historical Quarterly 12 (July 1929): 363–80.

  Kielbowicz, Richard B. “Speeding the News by Postal Express, 1825–1861: The Public Policy of Privileges for the Press.” The Social Science Journal 22 (January 1975): 49–63.

  ———. “The Telegraph, Censorship, and Politics at the Outset of the Civil War.” Civil War History 40 (June 1994): 95–118.

  Klement, Frank. “ ‘Brick’ Pomeroy: Copperhead and Curmudgeon.” The Wisconsin Magazine of History 35 (Winter 1951): 106–13, 156–57.

  Kyle, Otto R. “Mr. Lincoln Steps Out: The Anti-Nebraska Editors’ Convention.” The Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 5 (March 1948): 25–37.

  Littlefield, John H. “Recollections of One Who Studied Law with Lincoln.” In William Hayes Ward, ed., Abraham Lincoln: Tributes from His Associates (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1895), 200–206.

  Lohne, Raymond. “Team of Friends: A New Lincoln Theory and Legacy.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 101 (Fall/Winter 2008): 285–301.

  Malone, Henry T. “Atlanta Journalism During the Confederacy. The Georgia Historical Quarterly 37 (September 1953): 210–19.

  ———. “The Charleston Daily Courier: Standard Bearer of the Confederacy.” Journalism Quarterly 26 (June 1949): 307–15.

  ———. “The Weekly Atlanta Intelligencer as a Secessionist Journal.” The Georgia Historical Quarterly 37 (December 1953): 278–86.

  Matthews, Sidney T. “Control of the Baltimore Press During the Civil War.” Maryland Historical Magazine 36 (June 1941): 150–70.

  [Morton, Robert]. “A Reminiscence of the Arrest and Incarceration of Five New York Telegraphers Charged with Conspiracy Against the Government in 1864.” Telegraph Age (February 1905).

  Neely, Mark E., Jr. “Lincoln and the Mexican War: An Argument by Analogy.” Civil War History 24 (March 1978): 5–24.

  Nevins, Allan. “Hiram Barney and Lincoln: Three Unpublished Documents.” The Huntington Library Quarterly 26 (November 1962), 1–10.

  Nightingale, Joseph R. “Joseph H. Barrett and John Locke Scripps, Shapers of Lincoln’s Religious Image.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 92 (Autumn 1999): 238–73.

  Nord, David Paul. “Teleology and News: The Religious Roots of American Journalism, 1730–1730.” Journal of American History 77 (June 1990): 9–38.

  O’Laughlin, John Callan. “Lincoln and the Press.” Abraham Lincoln Papers (1931): 21–45.

  Owens, Patricia Ann. “Lincoln and the Springfield Newspapers: The War Years.” Lincoln Herald 100 (Fall 1998): 129–41.

  [Parton, James W.] [“The New York Herald”]. The North American Review 102 (April 1866): 373–419.

  “The Pen and the Sword.” The United States Magazine 4 (October 1865): 289–99.

  “Pick-Lock Journalism.” New York Tribune, February 14, 1862.

  Poore, Ben: Perley. “Abraham Lincoln, Reminiscences of an Old Newspaper Correspondent.” Brooklyn Eagle, September 6, 1885.

  Poore, Ben: Perley. “Washington News.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 26 (January 1874): 361–67.

  Pyle, Richard. “Dateline: Gettysburg.” America’s Civil War (November 2010): 30–37.

  Randall, James G. “The Newspaper Problem in Its Bearing Upon Military Secrecy During the Civil War.” The American Historical Review 23 (January 1918): 303–23.

  Reid, Ronald F. “Newspaper Response to the Gettysburg Addresses.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 53 (February 1967): 50–60.

  Reilly, Tom. “Jane McManus Storms: Letters from the Mexican War, 1846–1848.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 85 (July 1981): 21–44.

  Richards, Joseph H. “ ’57 or Thereabouts: Personal Recollections of a Publisher.” The Independent 50 (December 8, 1898): 1690–92.

  Risley, Ford. “The Confederate Press Association . . .” Civil War History 47 (September 2001): 222–39.

  Robinson, Elwyn Burns. “The Press: President Lincoln’s Philadelphia Organ.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 65 (April 1941): 157–70.

  ———. “The Dynamism of American Journalism from 1787 to 1865.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 61 (October 1937): 435–45.

  Russell, William Howard. “Recollections of the Civil War,” I–V. North American Review 166 (February, March, April, May, June 1898).

  Sanger, Donald Bridgman. “The Chicago Times and the Civil War.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 17 (March 1931): 557–80.

  Sears, Louis M., ed. “The London Times’ American Correspondent in 1861: Unpublished Letters of William H. Russell in the First Year of the Civil War.” The Historical Outlook 16 (October 1925): 151–257.

  Selby, Paul. “The Editorial Convention of 1856.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 15 (October 1912): 343–49.

  Shankman, Arnold. “Freedom of the Press During the Civil War: The Case of Albert D. Boileau.” Pennsylvania Magazine of
History and Biography 41 (October 1975): 305–15.

  Shanks, William Franklin Gore. “How We Get Our News.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 34 (January 1867): 511–22.

  Sisler, George. “The Arrest of Memphis Daily Appeal War Correspondent on Charges of Treason.” West Tennessee Historical Society Papers 11 (1957): 76–92.

  Smalley, George W. “Chapters in Journalism.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 89 (August 1894): 426–35.

  ———. “Notes on Journalism.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 97 (July 1898): 213–23.

  Smith, Robert Freeman. “John R. Eakin: Confederate Propagandist.” The Arkansas Historical Quarterly 12 (Winter 1953): 316–26.

  Smith, Willard H. “Schuyler Colfax: Whig Editor, 1845–1855.” Indiana Magazine of History 34 (September 1938): 262–82.

  Spore, John B. “Sherman and the Press,” Parts 1, 2, and 3. Infantry Journal 63 (October 1948: 28–38), (November 1948: 31–35), (December 1948: 30–35).

  Storrs, Richard Salter. “The Early Years of the Independent.” The Independent (December 8, 1898): 1627–36.

  Stubbs, Thomas McAlpin. “The Fourth Estate of Sumter South Carolina.” The South Carolina Historical Magazine 54 (October 1953): 185–200.

  Swindler, William F. “The Southern Press in Missouri, 1861–1864.” Missouri Historical Review 35 (April 1941): 394–400.

  Swinton, John. “The New York Daily Papers and Their Editors.” The Independent 52 (January 18, 1900): part 1: 168–70; (January 25, 1900): part 2: 237–40.

  Swinton, William. “Our Historical Writers.” Historical Magazine, New Series, 6 (November 1859): 295–98.

  Tasher, Lucy Lucile. “The Missouri Democrat and the Civil War.” Missouri Historical Review 31 (July 1937): 402–19.

  Taylor, Edward L. “Whitelaw Reid in Columbus.” Ohio Archaeological Historical Publications 18 (1909): 513–19.

  Taylor, Maurine Pacenta. “President Lincoln and the Press: An Important Chapter in the History of Presidential-Press Relations.” Lincoln Herald 84 (Winter 1982): 205–09.

  Temple, Wayne C. “Lincoln’s ‘Castine:’ Noah Brooks” (ten-part series for the Lincoln Herald 71 (fall 1970): 113–124; (winter 1970): 148–189; 73 (spring 1971): 27–45; summer 1971): 78–117; (fall 1971): 163–180; (winter 1971): 205–222); 74 (spring 1972): 3–28; (summer 1972): 92–106; (fall 1972): 143–168); (winter 1972): 214–222.