55 Bartholomew, M. James Lind’s Treatise of the Scurvy (1753), Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2002, 78. pp. 695–6.
56 Lloyd, C and Coulter, J. Medicine and the Navy, 1200–1900. Vol. 3 (1815–1900) Livingstone, Edinburgh and London, 1963. p. 120.
57 Carpenter, K.J. The History of Scurvy and Vitamin C. Cambridge University Press, 1986.
58 Skelton. The Antarctic Journals of Reginald Skelton. p. 130.
59 Fiennes. Captain Scott. p. 77.
60 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 135.
61 Lines of verse or arrangements of words in which certain letters from each line, such as the first and the last, when taken in order spell out a word or motto.
62 ‘Notes on Penguins’, in The South Polar Times. Vol.1, part 4.
63 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 135.
64 Just over a pound.
65 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 97.
66 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 151.
67 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 98.
68 Ibid. p. 101.
69 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 163.
70 Ibid. p. 136.
71 Ibid. p. 138.
72 Ibid. p. 147.
73 Gilbert Scott’s Journal. SPRI. MS 1485; D (19 May 1902).
74 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 100.
75 Savours. p.155.
76 Scott, G. Journal. SPRI. MS. 1485/D.
77 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of Discovery. p. 254.
78 Skelton. The Antarctic Journals of Reginald Skelton. p. 130.
79 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 164.
80 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 103.
81 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 175.
82 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 133.
83 Ibid. p. 134.
Chapter 8
1 Savours, Ann (ed.) Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic Regions 1901–1904. Blandford Press, London, 1966. p. 179.
2 Ibid. p. 182
3 They called the islets Tortoise Rock and Erebus Islet.
4 Ibid. p. 184.
5 Yelverton, D.E. Antarctica Unveiled. University Press of Colorado, Colorado, 2000. p. 165.
6 Armitage, A.B. Letters to H.R. Mill. 1898–1939. SPRI. MS. 100/11/1–8.
7 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 192.
8 Scott, R.F. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. John Murray, London, 1929. p. 398.
9 Wilson, E.A. Lecture to St George’s. 1904. Archives Manuscript Collection. St George’s University of London.
10 Yelverton. Antarctica Unveiled. p. 168.
12 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p.399.
13 Personal Communication. Professor Jeffrey Wood, Professor of Food and Animal Science, Bristol University.
14 Baughman, T.H. Pilgrims on the Ice. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 1999. p. 166.
15 Crandon, J.H., Lund, C.C. and Dill, D.B. Experimental Human Scurvy, New England Journal of Medicine. 1940, 223. p. 353.
16 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 405.
17 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 201.
18 Ibid. p. 193.
19 Ibid. p. 206.
20 Skelton, Judy (ed.) The Antarctic Journals of Reginald Skelton. Reardon Publishing, Cheltenham, 2004. p. 119.
21 Personal communication. Rob Thomas, Curator and Conservator, Edinburgh Zoo.
22 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 207.
23 Ibid. p. 199.
24 Ibid.
25 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 386.
26 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 195.
27 Yelverton. Antarctica Unveiled. p. 176.
28 Seaver, G. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, John Murray, London, 1950. p. 107.
29 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 209.
30 The South Polar Times. Vol. 2, part 7, June 1903. p. 4.
31 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 417.
32 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 208.
33 Ibid. p. 209.
34 Huntford, R. Scott and Amundsen. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1979. p. 161.
35 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 435.
36 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 210.
37 Yelverton. Antarctica Unveiled. p. 178.
38 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 212.
39 Ibid. p. 213.
40 Yelverton. Antarctica Unveiled. p. 181.
41 Ibid. p. 181
42 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 214.
43 Ibid. p. 215
44 Ibid.
45 Ibid. p. 225.
46 Ibid. p. 215.
47 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 429.
48 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 216.
49 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 431.
50 The South Polar Times. Vol. 2, part 7, June 1903. p. 7.
51 SavSours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 216.
52 Ibid. p. 217.
53 Ibid.
54 Fiennes, R. Captain Scott. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 2003. p. 92.
55 The South Polar Times. Vol. 2, part 7, June 1903. p. 5.
56 Ibid. p. 218.
57 Fiennes. Captain Scott. p. 285.
58 Hammond, K.A. and Diamond, J. Maximum Sustained Energy Budgets in Humans and Animals, Nature, 1997, 386. p. 457.
59 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 217.
60 Swelling in the front part of the eye that causes intense pain and interferes with vision.
61 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 217.
62 Ibid. p. 218.
63 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 434.
64 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 218.
65 Yelverton. Antarctica Unveiled. p. 191.
67 Ibid.
68 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 220.
69 Ibid. p. 221.
70 Cherry-Garrard, A. Diaries. 1912. SPRI. MS. 559/18/2/BJ, p. 277.
71 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 223.
72 Ibid.
73 Ibid. p. 224.
74 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 454.
75 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 224.
76 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 455.
77 As weight reduces, a hormone, leptin, which lowers appetite, is decreased.
78 The South Polar Times. Vol. 2, part 7, June 1903. p. 11.
79 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 450.
80 British Pharmaceutical Codex. Published by the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London, 1907. p. 183.
81 Martindale, M. and Wescott, W.W. The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 10th ed. (ed. Lewis, H.K.) London, 1901. p. 102.
82 Information from the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.
83 Ibid.
84 British Pharmaceutical Codex. Published by the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London, 1907. p. 1,042.
85 Martindale and Wescott. The Extra Pharmacopoeia. p. 103.
86 Ibid. p. 133.
87 Information from the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.
88 Martindale and Wescott. The Extra Pharmacopoeia. p. 137.
89 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 227.
90 Yelverton. Antarctica Unveiled. p. 193.
91 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the
Discovery Expedition. p. 228.
92 The South Polar Times. Vol. 2, part 7, June 1903. p. 10.
93 Crandon, Lund and Dill. Experimental Human Scurvy. p. 353.
94 Later named Mount Christmas.
95 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 227.
96 Ibid. p. 228.
97 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 458.
98 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 229.
99 Yelverton. Antarctica Unveiled. p. 195.
100 Ibid.
101 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 230.
102 Ibid.
103 Ibid.
104 Ibid.
105 Ibid. p. 232.
106 Baughman. Pilgrims on the Ice. p. 188.
107 Cherry-Garrard. Diaries. p. 277
108 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 484.
109 Ibid. p. 485.
110 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 238.
111 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 487.
112 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 238.
113 Ibid. p. 240.
114 Ibid. p. 241
115 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 495.
116 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 242.
117 The South Polar Times. Vol. 2, part 7, June 1903. p. 27.
118 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 243.
119 Scott. Scott’s Voyage of the Discovery. p. 499.
120 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 238.
121 Ibid. p. 244.
122 Ibid.
123 Fiennes. Captain Scott. p. 107.
124 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 245.
Chapter 9
1 Seaver, G. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, John Murray, London, 1950. p. 117.
2 Wilson, E.T. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. The Wilson Collection, Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum, 1955, 550.36. p. 139.
3 Savours, Ann (ed.) Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic Regions 1901–1904. Blandford Press, London, 1966. p. 250.
4 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 140.
5 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 117.
6 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. pp. 134–5.
7 Auroras are phenomena related to the sun because of its emission of electric particles. Protons and electrons originating in the sun are caught by terrestrial magnetic fields. When these electrical particles meet the ionised gases of the higher layers of the atmosphere, a light is produced in the sky. Auroras vary depending on solar activity and the phenomenon takes place between 100 and 1,000 km, most frequently in a large circle around the magnetic pole. Antarctic auroras are seen in South America as well as the Antarctic. They are easily seen on clear nights, but when solar activity is intense they can be seen in broad daylight.
8 Cherry-Garrard, A. The Worst Journey in the World. Picador, London, 2001. (First published in 1922 by Constable and Co.)
9 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 118.
10 Ibid.
11 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 140.
12 Ibid. p. 141.
13 Ibid. p. 136.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid. p. 137
16 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 124.
17 Ibid. p. 123.
18 Ibid. p. 125.
19 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 138.
20 Baughman, T.H. Pilgrims on the Ice. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 1999. p. 220.
21 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 271.
22 Ibid. p. 288
23 Ibid. p. 289.
24 Ibid. p. 294.
25 Ibid. p. 295.
26 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 129.
27 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 298.
28 Ibid. p. 306.
29 Ibid. p. 307.
30 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 130.
31 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 310.
32 Ibid.
33 Ibid. p. 312.
34 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 132.
35 Wilson, E.A. Notes on the pressure ridges at Cape Crozier. SPRI. MS. 366/14/15/ER.
36 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 316.
37 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 133.
38 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 318.
39 Ibid. p. 328.
40 Ibid. p. 331.
41 Baughman. Pilgrims on the Ice. p. 233.
42 Scott, R.F. Journal, BNAE, 1901–1904, 4 SPRI. MS. 352/1/3/BJ.
43 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 332.
44 Ibid.
45 Scott, R.F. Journal, BNAE, 1901–1904, 4 SPRI. MS. 352/1/3/BJ.
46 Armitage, A.B. Two Years in the Antarctic. Paradigm Press, London, 1984. p. 283.
47 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 334.
48 Ibid.
49 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 338.
50 Ibid. p. 339.
51 Ibid. p. 340.
52 Ibid. p. 354.
53 Ibid. p. 346.
53 Ibid. p. 348.
54 Ibid. p. 357
55 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 141.
56 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 357.
57 Armitage, A.B. Letters to H.R. Mill, 1898–1939. SPRI. MS. 100/11/1–8/D.
58 Savours. Edward Wilson: Diary of the Discovery Expedition. p. 357
59 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 142.
60 Wilson, E.A. Letter to J.J. Kinsey, Sir Joseph James’ papers. Ms-Papers-0022-23. Alexander Turnbull Library, New Zealand.
61 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 143.
62 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 143.
63 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 144.
64 Ibid. p. 145.
65 Wilson, C. Letters. The Wilson Collection, Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum, 13804, 1995, 550.89. (v).
Chapter 10
1 Wilson, E.T. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. The Wilson Collection, Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum, 1955, 550.36. p. 145.
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid. p. 147
4 Ibid. p. 148.
5 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 151.
6 A guinea is just over one pound.
7 Royal Geographical Society. RGS/LMS/W21.
8 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 150.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid. p. 152.
11 Seaver, G. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, John Murray, London, 1950. p. 149.
12 Hubert von Herkomer, CVO. RA. RI.
13 Seaver, G. Edward Wilson: Nature Lover. John Murray, London, 1947. p. 170.
14 The original deathbed scene is the property of HRM the Queen. A photographic reproduction is in the Bushey Museum and Art Gallery. Queen Victoria lies surrounded by tulle and lilies, a royal Ophelia.
15 Seaver. Edward Wilson: Nature Lover. p. 169.
16 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 150.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid.
19 Wheeler, S. Cherry: A life of Apsley Cherry-Garrard. Jonathan Cape, London, 2001. p. 45.
20 Ibid.
21 Wilson, E.A. Letter to Mr and Mrs Reginald Smith. SPRI. MS. 559/142/4/D.
22 Simon Joseph Frazer, 14th Lord Lovat and 3rd Baron Lovat.
23 Committee of Enquiry on Grouse Disease. The Grouse in Health and Disease. Smith, Elder, and Co., London, 1911. p. 498.
24 Seaver. Edward Wilson: Nature Lover. p. 169.
25 W
ilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 153.
26 The Grouse in Health and in Disease. p. 498.
27 Bachelor of Medicine. Fellow of the Zoological Society. Member of the British Ornithological Union.
28 The Grouse in Health and in Disease. p. xviii.
29 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 154.
30 Oldfield, T. British Mammals, 15, London, 1914.
31 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 168.
32 Wilson, D.M. and Elder., D.B. Cheltenham in Antarctica: The Life of Edward Wilson. Reardon Publishing, Cheltenham, 2000. p. 77.
33 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 155.
34 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 154.
35 A Government Department.
36 The Grouse in Health and in Disease. p. 201.
37 Ibid. p. 199.
38 Ibid.
39 Ibid. p. 201.
40 Wilson and Elder. Cheltenham in Antarctica. p. 76.
41 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 160.
42 Ibid. p. 175.
43 Ibid. p. 176.
44 Ibid.
45 Wilson and Elder. Cheltenham in Antarctica. p. 78.
46 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 177.
47 Scott, R.F. Letters to Ernest Henry Shackleton. SPRI. MS. 1537/2/14/8-9/D.
48 Ibid.
49 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 178.
50 Wilson, E.A. Letters to Ernest Henry Shackleton. SPRI. MS. 1537/2/14/15/D.
51 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p.178
52 Wilson. E. A.Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 163.
53 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 161.
54 The Grouse in Health and in Disease. p. xvi.
55 Review. Report of the activities of the Game Conservancy Trust, 2006. p. 18.
56 Wilson, E. A. Letters to Cherry-Garrard. SPRI. MS. 841/10/3/D.
57 Wheeler. Cherry: A life of Apsley Cherry-Garrard. p. 60.
58 Wilson, E. A. Letters to Cherry-Garrard. SPRI. MS. 841/10/4/D.
59 Cherry-Garrard, A. The Worst Journey in the World. Picador, London, 2001.
60 Evening Standard (London). 6 December 1922.
61 Sir John Everett Millais (1829–1896). One of the three principle members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood formed in 1848 with the aim of pursuing truth and seriousness in art. The group reacted against the artificial and idealising tendencies that they considered had stemmed from the great Renaissance master Raphael.
62 Wilson. E.A. Wilson: Memoir by his father. p. 159.
63 Seaver. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic. p. 169.
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