Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Part 3. p. 1282. Regimental Histories. Michigan Volunteers 2nd Infantry Regiment. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
Edmonds, Sarah Emma. Nurse and Spy in the Union Army. Hartford, Connecticut: W. S. Williams and Co., 1865.
Fladeland, Betty. “Alias Frank Thompson.” pp. 435–462. Michigan HistoryVol. 42, 1958.
Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. pp. 46–97. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Lannan, Charles. The Red Book of Michigan: A Civil, Military and Biographical History. pp. 194, 316–317. Detroit, Michigan: E. B. Smith and Co., 1871.
Leonard, Elizabeth D. All the Daring of the Soldier. pp. 170–185. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1999.
Lowry, Thomas P., M.D. The Story the Soldiers Wouldn’t Tell. pp. 82,119–120. Mechanicsburg: Stockpole Books, 1994.
Markle, Donald E. Spies and Spymasters of the Civil War. pp. 175–179. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1994.
McCracken, Lawrence. “Thrilling Civil War Story of Girl Spy Revealed at Last; Novel Heroine Actually Lived.” p. 12. The Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan, October 6, 1935.
National Archives. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (1860–1901) Series II. Volume 8. p. 992. Washington, D.C.
_____. RG 15. Records of the Veteran’s Administration. Sara Edmonds Seelye Pension File. Application No. 526889. Certificate No. SC282.136. Washington, D.C.
_____. RG 94. Records of the Adjutant General’s Office. Compiled Military Service Records. Pvt. Franklin Thompson. Washington, D.C.
Robertson, James I., Jr., and the editors of Time-Life Books. “Women Who Wore The Blue and The Gray.” p. 27. The Civil War: Tenting Tonight: The Soldier’s Life. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1984.
Robertson, John. Michigan in the War, 1861–1865. pp. 30–37. Lansing, Michigan: W. S. George and Co., 1883.
Schneider, Frederick, Col. “Sarah Emma Edmonds-Seeley (Alias Franklin Thompson) The Female Soldier; of the Second Michigan Veteran Volunteer Infantry.” p. 7. The State Republican. Lansing, Michigan: June 19 and 26, 1900.
Stern, Philip Van Doren. Secret Missions of the Civil War. pp. 121–129. New York: Bonanza Books, 1990.
Loreta Janeta Velazquez
Bowman, John S. Encyclopedia of the Civil War. pp. 107, 171. Greenwich, Connecticut: Brompton Books Corp., 1992.
Chang, Ina. A Separate Battle: Women and the Civil War. pp. 49–53. New York: Lodestar Books, 1991.
Conklin, E. F. Women at Gettysburg 1863. pp. 135–137. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: Thomas Publications, 1993.
Davis, Burke. The Civil War: Strange and Fascinating Facts. p. 239. New York:The Fairfax Press, 1982.
Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. p. 107. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Hoffert, Sylvia D. “Madame Loretta [sic] Velazquez; Heroine or Hoaxer.” pp. 24–26. Civil War Times Illustrated. Vol. XVII. No. 3. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, June, 1978.
Larson, Rebecca D. Blue and Gray Roses of Intrigue. pp. 46–48. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: Thomas Publications, 1993.
Leonard, Elizabeth D. All the Daring of the Soldier. pp. 252–263. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1999.
Lowry, Thomas P., M.D. The Story the Soldiers Wouldn’t Tell. pp. 120–121. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stockpole Books, 1944.
Markle, Donald E. Spies and Spymasters in the Civil War. p. 213. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1994.
Massey, Mary Elizabeth. Bonnet Brigades. pp. 82–84, 195, 310. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1966.
_____. Women in the Civil War. pp. 82–84, 195, 310. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Bison Books, 1994.
National Archives. Official Records. Series II. Vol. 8. p. 936. Washington, D.C.
_____. RG 110. Provost Marshall General’s Bureau List of Scouts, Guides, Spies, and Detectives. Box 6. Washington, D.C.
Picayune staff. “Venezuela Colonization Program.” New Orleans Daily Picayune. New Orleans, Louisiana, January 5, 1867.
Schultz, Jane Ellen. Women at the Front: Gender and Genre in Literature of the American Civil War. pp. 305–306. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan, 1988.
Velazquez, Loreta. The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the Exploits, Adventures, and Travels of Madame Loreta Janita Velazquez. Hartford, Connecticut: T. Belknap, 1876.
Waugh, Charles G., and Martin H. Greenberg. The Woman’s War in the South: Recollections and Reflections of the American Civil War. pp. 167–210. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland House Publishing Inc., 1999.
Worthington, C. J. The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the Exploits, Adventures, and Travels of Madame Loreta Janita Velazquez. Hartford, Connecticut: Belknap 1876. (Reprint) New York: Arno Press, 1972.
Frances Louisa Clayton
Bowman, John S. The Civil War Day by Day. pp. 91, 94. Greenwich, Connecticut: Brompton Books, 1991.
_____. Encyclopedia of the Civil War. p. 164. Greenwich, Connecticut: Brompton Books, 1992.
Chang, Ina. A Separate Battle: Women and the Civil War. p. 46. New York: Lodestar Books, 1991.
Commager, Henry Steele. Illustrated History of the Civil War. p. 168. New York: Promontory Press, 1976.
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Part 3. p. 1295. Regimental Histories. Minnesota Volunteers 2nd Independent Battery Light Artillery. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
Eagle staff. “Eventful History of a Soldier Woman.” Grand Rapids Eagle. Grand Rapids, Michigan, November 19, 1863.
Foenander, Terry. “Eventful History of a Soldier Woman.” p. 9. Civil War News. Toowoomba, QLD, Australia: Harrison Printing Co., 2000.
Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise; Women Warriors of the Civil War. pp. 27–28, 198. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Leonard, Elizabeth D. All the Daring of the Soldier. pp. 212–214. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1999.
Picayune staff. “Eventful History of a Soldier Woman.” New Orleans Daily Picayune. New Orleans, Louisiana, Sunday, November 22, 1863.
Robertson, James I., Jr., and the editors of Time-Life Books. “Women Who Wore the Blue and the Gray.” p. 27. The Civil War: Tenting Tonight: The Soldier’s Life. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1984.
Frances Hook
Chronicle staff. “Another Female Soldier.” p. 1. Daily Morning Chronicle. Washington, D. C, March 1, 1864.
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Part 3. p. 1048. Regimental Histories. Illinois Volunteers 11th Infantry Regiment. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
Ibid. p. 1060. 33rd Infantry Regiment.
Ibid. p. 1084. 90th Infantry Regiment.
Foenander, Terry. “Another Female Soldier. p. 11. “Civil War News. Toowoomba, QLD, Australia: Harrison Printing Co. Pty. Ltd., 2000.
Ibid. “A Gallant Female Soldier - Romantic Story.” p. 12.
Leonard, Elizabeth D. All the Daring of the Soldier. pp. 216–217. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1999.
Thompson, Charles Willis. “Women Who Fought as Soldiers.” Section 7. The New York Times. New York: The New York Times Corp., April 4, 1915.
Tribune staff. “A Gallant Female Soldier—Romantic History.” p. 1. The New York Daily Tribune. New York, March 18, 1864.
Charlotte Hatfield
Bowman, John S. The Civil War Day by Day. p. 182. Greenwich, Connecticut: Brompton Books, 1991.
_____. Encyclopedia of the Civil War. p. 180. Greenwich, Connecticut: Brompton Books, 1992.
Brown, D. Alexander. “The Battle of Westport.” pp. 4–11, 40–43. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Primedia History Group, July 1996.
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Part 3. p. 1160. Regimental Histories Iowa Volunteers 3rd Cavalry Regiment. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, 1997.
Hall, Rich
ard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. pp. 167–177. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Mazzulla, Fred W., and William Kostka. Mountain Charley or the Adventures of Mrs. E. J. Guerin, who was Thirteen Years in Male Attire. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.
Sarah Malinda Pritchard Blalock
Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. pp. 102–103, 197, 203. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Leonard, Elizabeth D. All the Daring of the Soldier. pp. 217–219. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1999.
Lowry, Thomas P., M.D. The Story the Soldiers Wouldn’t Tell. p. 122. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stockpole Books, 1994.
Massey, Mary Elizabeth. Bonnet Brigades. p. 81. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1966.
_____. Women in the Civil War. p. 81. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Bison Books, 1994.
National Archives. RG 94. Records of the Adjutant General’s Office. Record and Pension Office Document File #184934. Washington, D.C.
Ibid. RG 109. War Department Collection of Confederate Records. Compiled Military Service Records. Washington, D.C.
Stevens, Peter F. Rebels in Blue: The Story of Keith and Malinda Blalock. Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing Co., 2000.
Waugh, Charles G., and Martin H. Greenberg. The Women’s War in the South: Recollections and Reflections of the American Civil War. p. x. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland House, 1999.
Fannie Wilson and Nellie Graves
Chang, Ina. A Separate Battle: Women and the Civil War. p. 49. New York: Lodestar Books, 1991.
Chronicle staff. “Adventures of a Long Island Girl.” Daily Morning Chronicle. Washington, D.C, Saturday, August 13, 1864.
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Part 3. p. 1363. Regimental Histories. New Jersey Volunteers 24th Infantry Regiment. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
Ibid. Part 3. p. 1022. Regimental Histories. Illinois Volunteers 3rd Illinois Cavalry Regiment.
Foenander, Terry. Civil War News. pp. 15–16.Toowoomba, QLD, Australia: Harrison Printing Co. Pty. Ltd., 2000.
Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. pp. 161, 200. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Leonard, Elizabeth D. All the Daring of the Soldier. p. 212. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1999.
Massey, Mary Elizabeth. Bonnet Brigades. p. 81. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1966.
_____. Women in the Civil War. p. 81. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Bison Books, 1994.
Memphis Times staff. “Adventures of a Long Island Girl.” The Memphis Tennessee Times. Memphis, Tennessee: August 5, 1864.
Amy Clarke
Chang, Ina. A Separate Battle. p. 49. New York: Lodestar Books, 1991.
City Gazette staff. “Woman in the Confederate Ranks.” The Cairo, Illinois, City Gazette. Cairo, Illinois, December 25, 1862.
Foenander, Terry. Civil War News. pp. 4–5. Toowoomba, QLD, Australia: Harrison Printing Co. Pty. Ltd., 2000.
Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. pp. 6–8, 99–100, 197, 203. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Leonard, Elizabeth D. All the Daring of the Soldier. pp. 213–215. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1999.
Lowry, Thomas P., M.D. The Story the Soldiers Wouldn’t Tell. pp. 122. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stockpole Books, 1994.
Massey, Mary Elizabeth. Bonnet Brigades. pp. 81. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1966.
_____. Women in the Civil War. p. 81. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Bison Books, 1994.
Mississippian staff. “Woman in the Confederate Ranks, A Strange Eventful Story.” The Jackson Mississippian. Jackson, Mississippi, December 30, 1862.
Philadelphia Inquirer staff. “Women in the Confederate Ranks, A Strange Eventful Story.” The Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 24, 1863.
Picayune staff. “Woman in the Confederate Ranks.” The New Orleans Daily Picayune. New Orleans, Louisiana, Sunday, January 25, 1863.
Frank Martin
Brown, Ida C. “Michigan Men in the Civil War.” pp. 70,74. Michigan Historical Collections. Bulletin No. 27. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan, September 1977.
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Part 3. p. 1285. Regimental Histories. Michigan Volunteers 8th Infantry Regiment. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
Ibid. p. 1292. Regimental Histories. Michigan Volunteers 25th Infantry Regiment.
Ibid. p. 1637. Regimental Histories. Tennessee Volunteers 2nd Cavalry Regiment.
Foenander, Terry. Civil War News. pp. 6–7. Toowoomba, QLD, Australia: Harrison Printing Co. Pty. Ltd., 2000.
Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. pp. 26–27. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Journal staff. “The Story of a Female Soldier: How Women Join the Army.” The Louisville Journal. Louisville, Kentucky, May 29, 1863.
Picayune staff. “The Story of a Female Soldier: How Women Join the Army.” The New Orleans Daily Picayune. New Orleans, Louisiana, May 24, 1863.
Woodruff, Charles. “Letter from Charles Woodruff 25th Michigan Infantry.” David O. Woodruff Collection. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Bentley Historical Library. University of Michigan, May 1, 1863.
Lizzie Compton
Bowman, John S. Encyclopedia of the Civil War. p. 190. Greenwich, Connecticut: Brompton Books Corp., 1992.
Chronicle staff. “Lizzie Compton, the Soldier Girl.” p. 1. Daily Morning Chronicle. Washington, D.C., Wednesday, February 24, 1864.
Foenander, Terry. Civil War News. pp. 9–10. Toowoomba, QLD, Australia: Harrison Printing Co. Pty. Ltd., 2000.
Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. pp. 161, 198, 202. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Leonard, Elizabeth D. All the Daring of the Soldier. p. 224. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1999.
Massey, Mary Elizabeth. Bonnet Brigades. p. 80. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1966.
_____. Women in the Civil War. p. 80. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Bison Books, 1994.
Union staff. “Lizzie Compton, the Soldier Girl.” Rochester Union. Rochester, New York, February 21, 1864.
Charles H. Williams
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Part 3. p. 1165. Regimental Histories. Iowa Volunteers 2nd Infantry Regiment. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
Foenander, Terry. Civil War News. pp. 1–2. Toowoomba, QLD, Australia: Harrison Printing Co. Pty. Ltd., 2000.
Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. p. 201. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Republican staff. “An Iowa Girl Discovered in Soldier’s Costume. Romantic Story.” The St. Louis Republican. St. Louis, Missouri, August 1861.
Tribune staff. “An Iowa Girl Discovered in Soldier’s Costume. Romantic Story.” New York Daily Tribune, New York, September 1, 1861. (Reprint)
Marian McKenzie
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Part 3. p. 1207. Regimental Histories. Kentucky Volunteers 23rd Infantry Regiment. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
Ibid. Part 3. p. 1537. Regimental Histories. Ohio Volunteers 92nd Infantry Regiment. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
Ibid. Part 3. p. 1499. Regimental Histories. Ohio Volunteers 8th Infantry Regiment. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
Foenander, Terry. Civil War News. p. 4. Toowoomba, QLD. Australia: Harrison Printing Co. 2000.
Leonard, Elizabeth D. All the Daring of the Soldier. pp. 242–244. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1999.
National Archives. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies in the War of the Rebellion. Series II, Vol.5. pp. 121–122, 155, 166,
547–548. Union correspondence, orders, etc. relating to prisoners of war and state from December 1, 1862 to June 10, 1863. Washington, D.C.
Times staff. Article. p. 3. New York Times. New York: The New York Times Corp., Sunday, January 25, 1863.
Molly and Mary Bell
Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. pp. 103, 198, 203. New York: Paragon House, 1993.
Leonard, Elizabeth D. All the Daring of the Soldier. pp. 243–245. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1999.
Lowry, Thomas P., M.D. The Story the Soldiers Wouldn’t Tell. p. 33. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stockpole Books, 1994.
Massey, Mary Elizabeth. Bonnet Brigades. pp. 84–85. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1966.
_____. Women in the Civil War. pp. 84–85. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press Bison Books, 1994.
Richmond Daily Examiner staff. The Richmond Daily Examiner. Richmond, Virginia: October 31, 1864 and November 25, 1864.
Waugh, Charles G., and Martin H. Greenberg. The Woman’s War in the South: Recollections and Reflections of the American Civil War. pp. 299–302. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland House, 1999.
Notable Women Soldiers
HENRIETTA SPENCER
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Part 3. p. 1478. Regimental Histories. Ohio Volunteers 10th Regiment Cavalry. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
Foenander, Terry. Civil War News. p. 4. Toowoomba, QLD, Australia: Harrison Printing Co. Pty. Ltd., 2000.
Times staff. “A Girl Soldier.” The New York Times. New York: The New York Times Corp., Saturday, January 24, 1863.
HATTY ROBINSON
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Part 3. p. 1589. Regimental Histories. Pennsylvania Volunteers 46th Infantry Regiment. The Civil War CD-ROM. Carmel, Indiana: Guild Press of Indiana, Inc., 1997.
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