Strange Gods

by Susan Jacoby

  6. Barron, ed., Blending American, p. 68.

  7. Cited in ibid., p. 59.

  8. Ibid., p. 60.

  9. Milton Greenberg, “The GI Bill of Rights: Changing the Social, Economic Landscape of the United States,” in Historians on America, ed. George Clack (Washington, D.C., 2007). (W)

  10. Mario Puzo, The Godfather (New York, 1972), p. 448.

  11. Robert D. Putnam and David E. Campbell, American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us (New York, 2010), p. 138.

  12. Gallup Polls, cited in ibid., pp. 151–52.

  19 TRUE BELIEVERS

  1. Cited in Hilton Kramer, “Whittaker Chambers and the Judgment of History,” New Criterion, Feb. 1997.

  2. Sam Tanenhaus, Whittaker Chambers: A Biography (New York, 1997), p. 46.

  3. G. K. Chesterton, The Catholic Church and Conversion (London, 1926), p. 21.

  4. C. S. Lewis, Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life (New York, 1955), p. 218.

  5. Ibid., p. 219.

  6. Arthur Koestler, in The God That Failed, ed. Richard Crossman (New York, 2001), p. 23.

  7. Whittaker Chambers, Witness (New York, 1952), p. 16.

  8. Ibid.

  9. The Syllabus of Errors Condemned by Pope Pius IX, Papal Encyclicals Online. (W)

  10. G. K. Chesterton, The Victorian Age in Literature (London, 1916), p. 111.

  11. C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (New York, 1956), pp. 31–32.

  12. Chesterton, Catholic Church and Conversion, cited in Dudley Barker, G. K. Chesterton (London, 1973), p. 261, cited in Jay P. Corrin, G. K. Chesterton & Hillaire Belloc: The Battle Against Modernity (London, 1981), p. 104.

  13. G. K. Chesterton, Orthodoxy (London, 1909), p. 232.

  14. G. K. Chesterton, in Illustrated London News, Nov. 7, 1908.

  15. G. K. Chesterton, “Straws in the Winds: Exodus from Europe,” G.K.’s Weekly, Dec. 28, 1929.

  16. Chesterton, Catholic Church and Conversion, p. 22.

  17. Chambers, Witness, p. 196.

  18. Jane Reiker, “No Longer Red and Far from Dead, Ex-Communist Margaret Budenz, 71, Enthralls Her Catholic Students,” People, May 5, 1980. (W)

  19. Tanenhaus, Whittaker Chambers, p. 468.

  20. Joseph Brodsky, “A Commencement Address,” New York Review of Books, Aug. 16, 1984.

  21. Koestler, God That Failed, p. 75.

  20 “THE GREATEST”: MUHAMMAD ALI AND THE DEMYTHOLOGIZING DECADE

  1. Tim Dahlberg, “Muhammad Ali, 70, Remains Upbeat in Fight Against Parkinson’s Disease,” Seattle Times, Jan. 16, 2012.

  2. David Remnick, King of the World (New York, 1998), p. 127.

  3. Hisham D. Aidi, Rebel Music: Race, Empire, and the New Muslim Youth Culture (New York, 2014), p. 100.

  4. Sylviane A. Diouf, Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas (New York, 1998), p. 207.

  5. Ibid., p. 181.

  6. Muhammad Ali with Richard Durham, The Greatest (New York, 1975), p. 245.

  7. Jeff Nilsson, “Religion Steps into the Boxing Ring: Ali in ’64,” Jan. 21, 2012, Saturday Evening Post archives, http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/​2012/​01/​21/​archives. (W)

  8. Cited in ibid.

  9. Remnick, King of the World, p. 221.

  10. Cited in ibid.

  11. Ali with Durham, The Greatest, p. 139.

  12. Ibid.

  13. Ibid., pp. 140–41.

  14. Budd Schulberg, “The Champ,” New York Times Book Review, Oct. 25, 1998.

  15. Cited in Remnick, King of the World, pp. 305–6.

  16. Philip Shenon, “Mideast Tensions: At Baghdad’s Bazaar, Everyone Wants Hostages,” New York Times, Nov. 26, 1990.

  17. In Deborah Caldwell, “Muhammad Ali’s New Spiritual Quest,” interview with Hana Ali, 2005, www.beliefnet.com. (W)

  18. Ali with Durham, The Greatest, p. 202.

  19. Albert Mohler, “Looking Back: TIME Asks, ‘Is God Dead?,’ ” Sept. 21, 2009. (W)

  20. Adam Hochschild, Half the Way Home: A Memoir of Father and Son (Boston, 2005), pp. 195–96.

  21. Religious Landscape Survey, Pew Research Center, Sept. 15, 2014. (W)

  21 AMERICAN DREAMING

  1. Philip Roth, “Some New Jewish Stereotypes,” in Philip Roth, Reading Myself and Others (New York, 1985), p. 200. Originally a speech delivered at Loyola University, 1961.

  2. Many Americans Say Other Faiths Can Lead to Eternal Life, Pew Research Center, Dec. 18, 2008, p. 1. (W)

  3. “Which Religions Can Lead to Eternal Life?,” table in ibid.

  4. “How U.S. Muslims Are Different,” Pew Research Center, April 2013. (W)

  5. Ibid.

  6. “America’s Changing Religious Landscape,” Pew Research Center, May 5, 2015, http://www.pewforum.org/​2015/​05/​12/​americas-changing-religious-landscape/.

  7. “Faith in Flux,” Pew Research Center, April 27, 2009, rev. Feb. 2011, p. 3. (W)

  8. Robert J. Barro, Jason Hwang, and Rachel M. McCleary, Religious Conversion in 40 Countries, Harvard University, Cornerstone Research, March 2010. (W)

  9. Cited in Elsa Walsh, “Minority Report,” New Yorker, Aug. 8, 2005.

  10. Robert D. Putnam and David E. Campbell, American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us (New York, 2010), p. 143.

  11. Newt Gingrich, “Why I Became a Catholic,” National Catholic Register, April 2011.

  12. “Faith in Flux,” p. 3.

  13. Ibid.

  14. Susan Jacoby, “The Blessings of Atheism,” New York Times, Jan. 5, 2013. (W)

  15. “America’s Changing Religious Landscape,” Pew Research Center, May 5, 2015.

  16. Ibid.

  17. George Gallup, The Role of the Bible in American Society (Princeton, N.J., 1990), p. 17.

  18. “U.S. Religious Knowledge Survey,” Pew Research Center, Sept. 28, 2010. (W)

  DARKNESS VISIBLE

  1. Cited in Jim Yardley, “A Test of Faith in Brutal Captivity,” New York Times, Feb. 22, 2015.

  2. Sonia Faleiro, “An Attack on Love,” New York Times, Nov. 2, 2014.

  3. Michael Schulson, “Karen Armstrong on Sam Harris and Bill Maher: ‘It fills me with despair, because this is the sort of talk that led to the concentration camps,’ ” Nov. 23, 2014, Salon.com. (W)

  4. Ibid.

  5. Sunny Hundal, “The Real Threat from the Islamic State Is to Muslims, Not the West,” Al Jazeera, Aug. 26, 2014. (W)

  6. Dean Obeidallah, “The Boko Haram Terrorists Are Not ‘Islamic,’ ” Daily Beast, May 12, 2014. (W)

  7. “The Hebrew First-Crusade Chronicles: I,” in Robert Chazan, European Jewry and the First Crusade (Berkeley, 1987), pp. 290–91.

  8. “Albert of Aix and Ekkehard of Aura: Emico and the Slaughter of the Rhineland Jews,” Internet Medieval Sourcebook, ed. Paul Halsall, Fordham University, http://www.fordham.edu/​halsall/​source/​1096jews.asp. (W)

  9. Shelby Lin Erdman, Mohammed Tawfeq, and Hamdi Alkshali, “Islamic Extremists Kill 270 in Attack on a Gas Field in Central Syria, Report Says,” CNN, July 28, 2014. (W)

  10. “Beliefs About Shariah,” The World’s Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society, Pew Research Center, April 30, 2013. (W)

  11. Kate Hodal, “Indonesian Atheists Face Battle for Religious Freedom, Guardian, May 3, 2012. (W)

  12. Joe Cochrane, “Embrace of Atheism Put an Indonesian in Prison,” New York Times, May 4, 2014. (W)

  13. In ibid. (W)

  14. Benedict Rogers, “Indonesia’s Religious Repression,” Wall Street Journal, April 7, 2013.

  15. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature (1902), p. 508.

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