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Decision at Sea

Page 42

by Symonds, Craig L.


  Midway (ship), 262

  Mighty Servant II (heavy lift vessel), 296

  militia: of Britain, 39

  of Canada, 38–39

  of United States, 35–40, 42, 49, 57, 58

  mines: Battle of Hampton Roads, 91

  Battle of Manila Bay, 146, 148, 155, 168, 172

  Operation Praying Mantis, 284–87, 285, 289–92, 295–97

  mine sweepers, 287

  Minnesota (Union steam frigate): Battle of Hampton Roads, 117, 118

  Monitor’s defense of, 120–21, 123, 124, 130, 131

  range of engagement, 203

  Minor, Bob, 115, 119

  Minuteman, 35, 36n

  Mirs Bay, 164, 166

  missile systems, 4

  missile warfare: chaff, 268, 306

  CIWS (Phalanx) system, 268, 268–69

  Exocet missiles, 270, 271, 281

  guided missiles, 301

  Harpoon missiles, 302, 305–8, 310, 312, 314, 328

  missile systems, 4

  Scud missiles, 278

  sea-launched missiles, 328

  Silkworm missiles, 283, 286, 288–89, 292

  standard missiles (SM-1 and SM-2), 267, 301, 306, 306–7, 318, 328

  Stinger missiles, 292

  surface–to–air missiles, 304–5

  terrain–contour guidance system (TER–COM), 328

  Tomahawk land attack missile (TLAM), 328, 339. See also Praying Mantis operation (1988)

  Missouri, 83

  Mitscher, Marc “Pete,” 239, 262

  Mitsubishi Type o (Zero). See Zeros

  Moncrief, Basil, 269, 272

  monitors, 141, 151, 163, 202–3

  Monitor (Union ironclad): Battle of Hampton Roads, 85, 109, 122–32, 125

  command of Monitor, 101–3, 131–32

  construction of, 98–101, 102

  design of, 146

  destruction of, 134, 135

  Greene’s command of, 135–36

  at Hampton Roads, 120–21, 132–33

  Maine compared to, 154

  in naval history, 137

  Monocacy (U.S. monitor), 163

  Monroe, James, 77

  Montauk (Union ironclad), 135, 136

  Montojo y Pasaron, Don Patricio, 149, 165–69, 179, 187, 194–95

  Montreal, Canada, 36, 39

  Mossadegh, Mohammed, 275

  Mullen, Mike, 333

  Muskie, Edmund, 279

  mutual deterrence, 265

  Nagara (Japanese cruiser), 250

  Nagumo, Chuichi: and American intelligence, 204

  communication, 227

  defeat of, 250

  launching of planes, 231, 245

  reconnaissance of, 229, 238

  second attack on Midway, 236, 237

  strategies of Japan, 228–29

  Nanshan (U.S. collier), 162

  Napoleon Bonaparte, 28, 31–32, 37, 38, 324

  Napoleonic Wars, 6, 91

  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 134

  nation building, 338

  nation-state system, 324

  Native Americans: Battle of the Thames, 74

  and Britain, 24, 32–33, 37, 38, 39, 40, 61, 73, 78

  resistance from, 141, 142

  Nautilus (U.S. submarine), 246

  Naval Academy at Annapolis, 86, 135

  Navy Command Center, 307

  Navy SEALs, 291, 319

  Navy Times, 293

  Nelson, Horatio, 6, 15n, 19, 31, 59

  New Ironsides (Union ironclad), 101n

  New Navy, 3, 142–43, 145, 151, 166

  New Orleans, 148

  Newsweek, 272, 282

  New York Evening Journal, 191

  New York Journal, 154–55

  New York militia, 39

  New York Times, 257n, 272, 283

  New York World, 152

  Niagara River, 42, 44

  Niagara (U.S. brigantine): armament, 61

  Battle of Lake Erie, 65, 66, 73, 74, 75;

  British ships compared to, 59–60

  exit from Presque Isle Bay, 56–57

  name of, 51

  Niles Weekly Register, 33

  Nimitz, Chester: on dive–bomber attack, 246

  fleet, 208, 261–62

  intelligence gathering, 205, 209–10, 225–26

  leadership of, 261

  monitoring battle, 226

  and Operation K, 223n

  preparations for battle, 209–13, 212

  surface force, 223

  Nixon, Richard, 275

  North, Frederick, 19

  North, Oliver, 292

  North, Tim, 292

  North Africa, 260

  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 281–82, 338

  North Korea, 326

  Northwest, 3, 23–24, 27, 32, 78–79

  Northwest Ordinance (1794), 83

  nuclear propulsion, 265

  nuclear weapons, 265

  Oahu, 226

  O’Brien (U.S. destroyer), 312

  Ohio (U.S. ship-of-the-line), 45n, 51n

  oil, 266, 273, 318

  oil platforms, 292–93, 297–301, 298

  oil tankers, 278, 282–83, 283–88

  O’Keefe, Michael, 270

  Okinawa, Japan, 260

  Oliver Hazard Perry–class frigates, 266, 268

  Olympia (U.S. armored cruiser): ammunition, 161, 177, 178

  armament, 167

  Battle of Manila Bay, 169–70, 173, 176, 176

  and Dewey, 169

  facade of, 170

  launch of, 151

  in Manila Bay, 144–49, 180, 181

  preparations for war, 165

  staffing, 163

  Yorktown compared to, 202

  Ordnance: armor-piercing bombs, 236

  car-ronades, 26, 49–50, 66

  CIWS (close-in weapons systems), 268, 268–69

  Dahlgren guns, 103, 122, 123, 126

  experimental naval guns, 99–100, 104

  explosive shells, 91

  laser-guided bombs, 313–14, 328

  rifled guns, 91, 107, 145, 175

  smart bombs, 328, 329. See also mines; missile warfare; torpedoes

  Oregon Gun, 100, 100n

  Ostend Manifesto, 150

  Otis, Elwell S., 189

  Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza, 275, 288

  Palmer, Michael, 288

  Pan American Airlines, 207

  Pan American flight 103, 331

  Panic of ’73, 151

  Parker, Peter, 18

  Parker, William H., 114–15

  Parrado, González, 154

  Parsons, Usher, 61, 63

  Pasig River, 168

  Patrick Henry (Confederate gunboat), 113

  PBY Catalinas, 224–25, 226–27

  Peacemaker explosion, 99–100, 104

  Pearl Harbor: attack on (1941), 107, 111, 157, 201, 204, 332

  base at, 210, 228

  Pederson, Oscar, 214–17, 251, 252, 253

  Pendergrast, Austin, 114–15

  Perkins, James B. 298–99, 310

  Perry, Alex, 64, 78

  Perry, Christopher Raymond, 46

  Perry, Matthew C., 86

  Perry, Oliver Hazard: Battle of Lake Erie, 25–27, 65–73, 70

  and Buchanan, 86

  casualties, 179

  communications, 319

  crew, 321

  Dewey compared to, 165

  and Elliott, 72–73, 74–77

  flag honoring Lawrence, 27, 31, 52, 52, 64

  medal for, 76

  preparations for battle, 46–58, 61, 63, 64

  prize money, 77

  victory, 3, 72–74

  Perry-class frigates, 268, 312

  Persian Gulf, 318, 326. See also Praying Mantis operation

  Petrel (U.S. gunboat), 170, 173, 180

  Phalanx close-in weapons system, 268, 268–69

  Philadelphia Ledger, 190

  Philippine Republic, 186

&
nbsp; Philippines: and Dewey’s orders, 158, 165

  independence movement, 185–86, 189–91, 190

  and Japan, 200, 208, 219, 260

  and Mahan’s sea doctrine, 160, 195

  role of U.S. in, 182–88, 192–93, 195. See also Manila Bay battle (1898)

  Platt Amendment, 158n, 193

  Point Luck, 202, 217, 223, 224, 227, 230, 241. See also Midway

  Poland, 326

  policeman of the world: Carter Doctrine, 277

  in Gulf region, 22, 266, 272, 288, 318, 333

  and Reagan administration, 318

  U.S. role of, 2, 4, 20, 200, 282, 339

  and Wolfowitz Doctrine, 335, 335n

  Polk, James K., 150

  Pook, Samuel, 98, 101n

  Porter, John L., 95–96

  Port Moresby, 205

  Port Royal, 93

  Powell, Colin, 312, 327

  Powell Doctrine, 327, 338

  Praying Mantis operation (1988), 265–320

  attack on Stark, 266–73

  casualties, 271, 291, 296, 308–9, 313, 317

  Cold War background, 265–66

  and convoys, 282–88

  crew, 322–23

  interservice cooperation, 290–91, 294, 319

  Iran Airlines flight 655, 314–17

  and Iran-Iraq War, 267, 269, 277–80, 288–95, 314–317

  Joshan destroyed, 304–9

  legacy of, 317–20

  location, 276

  mines, 284–87, 285, 289–92, 295–97

  missiles, 278, 283, 288–89, 292, 301, 302, 305–8, 306, 314, 318

  oil platforms, 292–93, 297–304, 298

  rules of engagement (ROE), 271, 318

  Sabalan attacked, 313–14

  Sahand destroyed, 311–13

  significance of, 4, 317–20

  size of, 266

  Soviet destroyer encounter, 309–11

  U.S. foreign policy and, 273–83. See also Chandler, James; Crowe, William; Less, Anthony; Perkins, J. B.; Rogers, Will

  Preble, Edward, 46

  Presque Isle Bay, 25, 45–46, 47–56, 61

  Prevost, Sir George, 60

  Princeton (U.S. steam sloop), 99, 104

  Proceedings (U.S. Naval Institute), 282–83

  Proctor, Redfield, 155, 159, 159n, 191–92

  the Prophet, 32–33

  proportional responses, 292

  public opinion, 41–42

  Puerto Rico, 149, 192

  Pulitzer, Joseph, 152

  Put-in-Bay, 63

  Quebec, Canada, 36

  Queen Charlotte (British warship): Barclay’s fleet, 59, 60

  Battle of Lake Erie, 65, 66, 71, 72

  Fort Detroit siege, 39

  reconnaissance, 56, 61

  size of, 42–43

  race and nationality, 53, 53n, 164–65, 189–90, 192

  radar, 234, 250–51, 253, 254, 270, 271, 322

  raiding parties, 92–93

  railroads, 96, 96n, 141

  Rakow, Bill, 310

  Raleigh (Confederate gunboat), 113

  Raleigh (U.S. cruiser): in Asiatic Squadron, 161

  Battle of Manila Bay, 148, 170, 173, 175–76, 176

  in Manila Bay, 180

  repairs to, 164

  ramming capabilities, 107–8, 110, 128–29, 130, 154, 172

  Ramsay, Ashton, 128, 129

  range of engagement: Battle of Hampton Roads, 203

  Battle of Lake Erie, 26, 27

  Battle of Manila Bay, 169, 172, 174–75

  Battle of Midway, 203, 228, 231, 232

  Battle of the Capes, 203

  and modern missiles, 328, 339

  Ranger (U.S. carrier), 209n

  Rashadat platform, 293

  Reagan, Ronald: on Afghan “freedom fighters,” 333n

  on allies, 334

  fleet expansion, 324

  and Persian Gulf, 282, 296–97, 312, 318

  pro-Iraqi stance, 272

  and Soviet Union, 279–80

  reconcentrado policy of Cuba, 152

  Reconquista, 149

  Reconstruction, 141, 150

  Red Dawn (film), 36n

  Redman, Charles, 304

  Redman, John, 205

  Rees, C. P., 163

  Reid, Jewell “Jack,” 224–26, 225

  Reina Cristina (Spanish cruiser), 167, 168, 171, 173, 180, 181

  Republican Guard, 298

  Revolutionary War, 35

  Reza’i, Mohsen, 304, 317

  Richmond, Virginia, 133

  Richmond Examiner, 88

  Rickover, Hyman, 156

  ricochet shots, 124, 175

  Ring, Stanhope, 240, 243, 246

  Rinn, Paul, 295

  Roanoke (Confederate gunboat), 107, 117, 118, 120

  Roberts. See Samuel B. Roberts

  Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste de, 9–10, 18

  Rochefort, Joseph J., 203–4, 205–6, 209–11, 218

  Rogers, Will, 314, 318

  Roosevelt, Franklin, 193, 200, 260

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 158, 159n, 161, 163, 187, 194, 207, 273

  rules of naval warfare, 114–16, 132, 271, 318

  Rumsfeld, Donald, 337, 338

  Russia, 327

  Ryujo (Japanese carrier), 220n, 223–24

  Saam-class frigates, 312, 313

  Sabalan (Iranian frigate), 276, 297, 303, 310–14

  Sackett’s Harbor, 41, 52, 319

  Sahand (Iranian frigate), 276, 312–13, 313

  Salina (U.S. schooner), 45

  Sampson, William T., 185

  Samuel B. Roberts (U.S. frigate), 276, 295–97, 303–4, 314

  Sandburg, Carl, 157

  Sandusky Bay, 58

  Sanford, Henry “Hank,” 299

  Sangley Point, 169, 171, 172, 173, 180

  Santiago de Cuba, 185

  Saratoga (U.S. carrier), 209n, 210, 215, 219, 261

  Sargent, Nathan, 184

  Sassan GOSP, 276, 297, 298, 298–301, 300

  Saudi Arabia, 274–75, 279, 290

  Schlesinger, Arthur, 335

  Schley, Winfield Scott, 185

  Scorpion (U.S. schooner), 66

  scout planes, 224, 227–29, 233, 234, 248

  Sea Bats, 290–92, 319

  Sea Isle City, 292

  Sea Isle City (tanker), 276

  SEALs, 291, 319

  Sea Stallions, 287, 292

  Seitz, Frank, 283, 284–87

  Selfridge, Thomas, 108, 110, 112n, 113

  September 11 terrorist attacks, 155n, 157, 161, 331–32, 334, 335–37

  Seward, William H., 99

  Shah of Iran. See Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza

  Shaibah Military Airport, 269

  Shannon (British frigate), 27, 31

  Shatt al-Arab, 277

  Shenandoah (Confederate raider), 92–93

  Sherman, William T., 152

  Shiite Muslims, 336

  Shokaku (Japanese carrier), 211, 218

  shore batteries, 146, 171, 180, 283

  Shrewsbury (British ship-of-the-line), 16

  Shubrick, William B., 76

  signal flags, 5, 15, 15n

  Sigsbee, Charles, 154

  Simms, Charles, 111, 123

  Simpson (U.S. guided missile destroyer), 301, 303, 304

  Singapore, 219

  Sirri GOSP, 276, 297, 301–4

  slavery, 83, 88, 150

  Smith, James, 294

  Smith, Joseph, 100, 103

  Smith, Joseph, Jr., 113, 114

  Smith, William, 113

  Snyder, Simon, 49

  Solebay (British frigate), 7–8, 11

  sonar, 267

  Soryu (Japanese carrier), 219, 237, 240, 248–50, 249, 257

  South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 101n

  South Korea, 326

  Soviet Union: and Afghanistan, 296, 333, 333n

  and Carter Doctrine, 277

  and Cold War, 262, 273, 275

  collapse of, 273, 324–25, 340


  and Persian Gulf, 280, 318

  and World War II, 260

  Sovremenny-class destroyers, 311

  Spain: armament, 167

  armistice, 185, 186, 187, 192

  and Britain, 28

  events leading to war, 149–58

  insurrections in Cuba, 150–53

  misrule in Cuba, 143, 187, 199, 337

  preparations for war, 165–69

  release of Philippines, 188

  Trafalgar battle, 6, 31

  Virginius incident, 150–51, 153, 323

  Spanish-American War: armistice, 185, 186, 187, 192

  battle, 169–81

  events leading to war, 149–58

  and McKinley, 153

  preparations for war, 158–65

  Spanish misrule in Cuba, 143, 187, 199

  U.S. declaration of war, 155–58, 165

  and U.S. fleet expansion, 193–94. See also Manila Bay battle (1898); Spanish naval squadron

  Spanish Armada defeat (1588), 3, 192

  Spanish naval squadron: Battle of Manila Bay, 171, 176–78, 179–80, 181

  compared to U.S. fleet, 166–67

  destruction of, 182, 185

  Dewey’s orders to destroy, 148, 149, 160, 165

  strategies of, 168–69. See also specific ships

  Spruance, Raymond A.: Battle of Midway, 230, 231–32, 233, 234

  command of, 211–12, 212, 213, 261

  Spruance-class destroyers, 288, 312, 319

  SPS-49 radar, 270, 271

  SQS-56 sonar, 267

  “Squadron of Evolution,” 145

  St. Lawrence, 118

  St. Lawrence River, 36

  standardization, 90

  Stanton, Edwin McMasters, 118

  Stark (U.S. frigate), 266–73, 268, 271, 276, 281, 323n

  “stealth” airplanes, 328

  Stevens Battery, 93

  Stickney, Joseph L., 163, 178

  Stimers, Alban, 105, 106, 124

  Stimson, Henry, 260

  Stockton, George, 54

  Stockton, Robert F., 99–100, 104

  Stokoe, Thomas, 71

  Strait of Hormuz, 266

  strategic oil reserves, 273

  Subic Bay, 167–68, 169, 187, 188

  submarines: advances in, 265

  in Battle of Midway, 205, 208–9, 221, 222, 223, 246, 259

  in Civil War, 91, 91n

  of Germany, 3, 199, 278

  of Soviet Union, 267

  Sumatra, 200, 219

  Sumter, Thomas, 8

  Taliban government, 332–33

  Talmadge, James, 83

  tankers, 278

  Tarawa, 260

  Task Force 16, 213, 218, 230, 236, 255

  Task Force 17, 214, 217, 230, 234

  Task Force 126, 274

  Tattnall, Josiah, 134

  Taylor, William, 27, 69, 74

  technological advances, 320

  Tecumseh, 32–33, 74

  Tehran embassy takeover, 276

  Teller Amendment, 158, i58n, 193

  Tennessee (Confederate ironclad), 134, 135

  Ten Years’ War (1868-1878), 150

  Terrible (British ship-of-the-line), 14, 16, 16n

  Thach, John S. “Jimmy,” 215–16, 243–45, 244, 246, 248, 252, 255, 293

 

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