Words and The First World War

by Julian Walker

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  Napper, L., (2011), ‘Remembrance, re-membering, and recollection: Walter Summers and the British war film of the 1920s’, in M. Hammond and M. Williams, eds, British Silent Cinema and The Great War, Basingstoke; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

  Nevill, B., (1991), Billie, London: MacRae.

  Newton, William James, (1975), Imperial War Museum interview.

  Niceforo, A., (1912), Le Genie de l’Argot, Paris.

  Nicholson, J., (1889), The Folk Speech of East Yorkshire, London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.

  Noakes, V., (2006), Voices of Silence: the alternative book of First World War poetry, Stroud: Sutton.

  Nobbs, G., (1910), Englishman, Kamerad!, London: William Heinemann.

  Norris, A., (1920), Mainly for Mother, Toronto: The Ryerson Press.

  Northcliffe, Lord, see under Harmsworth, A.

  Norval, A., (1936), The Tourist Industry, London.

  O’Neill, E., (1918), Battles for Peace: the story of the Great War told for children, London: Hodder & Stoughton.

  O’Neill, E., (1919), ‘War Words’, essay in The Windsor Magazine, December 1918–May 1919, pp. 399–403.

  O’Neill, H., (1922), The Royal Fusiliers in the Great War, London: Heinemann.

  O’Toole, T., (1916), The Way They Have in the Army, London: John Lane.

  Omissi, D., (1999), Indian Voices of the Great War, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.

  ‘One of the Jocks’, (1916), Odd Shots, London: Hodder & Stoughton.

  On the Road to Kut: a soldier’s story of the Mesopotamian campaign, (1917), London: Hutchinson & Co.

  Osborn, E. B., (1918), The Muse in Arms, London: John Murray.

  Oxford English Dictionary, online edition, http://www.oed.com, accessed 25 April 2017.

  Palmer, S. and S. Wallis, ([2003] 2004), A War in Words, London: Pocket Books (imprint of Simon & Schuster).

  Parker, Capt F. B., Private papers held by Imperial War Museum.

  Parrott, J. E., (1915–1919), The Children’s Story of the War, London: Thomas Nelson & Sons.

  Partridge, E., (1929), ‘Frank Honywood, Private’, in Three Personal Records of the War, London: Scholartis.

  Partridge, E., ([1931] 1970), A Martial Medley, New York: Books for Libraries Press.

  Partridge, E., (1931), Quarterly Review, Vol. 256, London: John Murray.

  Partridge, E., (1933), Words! Words! Words!, London: Methuen.

  Partridge, E., ([1933] 1970), Slang To-day and Yesterday, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

  Partridge, E., ([1937] 1974), A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

  Partridge, E., ([1945] 1990), Dictionary of R.A.F. Slang, London: Pavilion.

  Partridge, E., (1936–38), ‘Slang of the British Soldier 1914–18’, in E. B. Swinton, ed., Twenty Years After, Vol. 3, London: Newnes.

  Partridge, E., ([1940] 1969), ‘ “Slang”, Society for Pure English”, Tract LV, in W. F. Bolton, and D. Crystal, eds, The English Language: essays by linguists and men of letters 1858–1964, Vol. 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Pennell, C., (2014), A Kingdom United, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  Pinfold, J. R., ed., (2006), A Month at the Front: the diary of an unknown soldier, Oxford: Bodleian Library.

  Ponsonby, A., (1928), Falsehood in War-time, London: George Allen & Unwin.

  Ponsonby, A., (1916), The Crank, (London: Headley).

  Poynter, D., (2008), ‘A study of the psychological disorders of nurses and female V.A.D.s who served alongside the B.E.F. and Allied Forces during the First World War’, doctoral thesis.

  Pulvertaft, G., (2014), Reminiscences of a V.A.D., Great Britain: John Brunsdon.

  Quigley H, (1928), Passchendaele and the Somme, London: Methuen & Co.

  Randerson, J. H., (1922), The Origin of the War Term No Man’s Land as Applied to the World War, Albany: privately published. https://archive.org/stream/originofwartermn00rand accessed 25 April 2017.

  Red Cross work with Russian prisoners of war in Germany, (1919), Acount held by Imperial War Museum.

  Red Triangle Girl In France, A, (1918), New York: George H. Doran.

  Rees, Major A. E., ([1917] 2001), dir., In the Trenches, [sound dramatisation], England: 78 rpm disc, No. R2796 B, Columbia; CD41-001, Oh! It’s a Lovely War, Vol. 1, CD41 Publishing Ltd.

  Rees, D., (1906, 1918), The Briton in France, London: Leopold B. Hill.

  Remarque, E. M., (1929), trans. A. W. Wheen, (1929) All Quiet on the Western Front, London: Putnam.

  Richardson, E., (1934), Remembrance Wakes, London: Heath Cranton.

  Rivers, W. H., (1917), The Repression of War Experience, presented to the Royal School of Medicine.

  Rivers, W. H., (1922), Instinct and the Unconscious: a contribution to a biological theory of the psycho-neuroses, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Roberts, F. J., and J. H. Pearson, ([1916–18] 2013), The Wipers Times, etc, London: Conway.

  Röhl, J., (2014), Wilhelm II: into the abyss of war and exile 1900–1941, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), (1915–16), The Pow-Wow/The Gasper, Salisbury.

  Roynette, O., (2016), ‘Problems and challenges of a historical approach’, in C. Declercq and J. Walker, eds, Languages and the First World War: representation and memory, 21–31, London: Palgrave Macmillan.

  Russell, M., (2003), Piltdown Man, Stroud: Tempus.

  Sandes, F., (1927), Autobiography of a Woman Soldier, London: H. F. & G. Witherby.

  Sarolea, C., (1915), How Belgium Saved Europe, London: William Heinemann.

  Scheer, T., (2016), ‘Habsburg languages at war: “The linguistic confusion at the Tower of Babel couldn’t have been much worse”, in J. Walker and C. Declercq, eds, Languages and the First World War: communicating in a transnational war, 62–78, London: Palgrave Macmillan.

  Seal, G., (2013), The Soldiers’ Press: trench journals in the First World War, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

  Shears, E. H., (1919), Active Service Diary, Liverpool: Henry Young & Sons Ltd.

  Shimazu, N., (1995), ‘The racial equality proposal at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference’, doctoral thesis, Oxford University.

  Shuttleworth, W., Diary of Walter Shuttleworth, http://www.klewis.org.uk/Diary/August, accessed 25 April 2017.

  Smith, A., (1922), Four Years on the Western Front, London: Odhams Press.

  Smith, A., (2000), The Second Battlefield: women, modernism and the First World War, Manchester: Manchester University Press.

  Smith, H (Price E), ([1930] 1988), Not So Quiet, London: Virago.

  Smith, L., ([1918] 2014), Lingo of No Man’s Land, London: The British Library.

  Southard, E., (1919), N. Fenton, and C. Mills, eds, Shellshock and Other Neuropsychiatric Problems, Boston: W. M. Leonard.

  Special Constable Smith, ([1915] 2001), [sound dramatisation], (Regal Cat. No. 6842; CD41-003/2, Oh! It’s a Lovely War, Vol. 2, CD41 Publishing Ltd.

  Spencer, W., War Letters 1914–1918; from a young British Officer at the Western Front during the First World War, WarLetters.net, 2014.

  Spicer, L. D., Letters from France, 1915–1918, London: Robert York, 1979.

  Spires, C., Diary of C. B. Spires, http://www.bertspires.co.uk accessed 25 April 2017.

  Stanley, F., History of the 89th Brigade 1914–1918, (1919), Liverpool: Daily Post.

  Stanley, H., (2007), Grandad’s
War, Cromer: Poppyland Publishing.

  Stanley, P., (2011), ‘ “He was black, he was a White man, and a dinkum Aussie”: race and empire in revisiting the Anzac legend’, in S. Das, ed., Race, Empire and First World War Writing, 213–230, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Stevenson, D., ([2004] 2005), 1914–1918 The History of the First World War, London: Penguin.

  Stewart, H., (1916), From Mons to Loos, Edinburgh; London: W. Blackwood & Sons.

  Strange, L., ([1933] 1935), Recollections of an Airman – Diary, London: John Hamilton.

  Stumpf, R., (1967), trans. D. Horn, War, Mutiny and Revolution in the German Navy, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

  Sunny Subaltern, A, (1916), Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild & Stewart.

  Swinton, E. B., ed., (1936–38), Twenty Years After, Vol. 3, London: Newnes.

  Tarbot, J., (1928), Jerry Tarbot, the Living Unknown Soldier, New York: Tyler Publishing Co.

  The Athenaeum, (1830–1921), London: J. Lection.

  The Attack/The Estaminet, (Memories of France –), ([1920s] 2001), [sound dramatisation], England: 78 rpm disc, No. R517, Parlophone; CD41-001, Oh! It’s a Lovely War, Vol. 1, CD41 Publishing Ltd, 2001.

  The Board of Education, (1921), The Teaching Of English In England, London: Board of Education.

  The Boot and Shoe Retailer and Leather Trades Gazette, (1914), London.

  The Champion, (1922–1955), London, England.

  The Duke of Cambridge’s Own, (1915–1919), Fall in, London.

  The Ghain Tuffieha Gazette, (1916–17), Ghain Tuffieha: Malta.

  The Huns’ Handbook, (1915), London: The Echo and Evening Chronicle.

  The Ruhleben Camp Magazine, (1916–1917), Berlin: Ruhleben Camp.

  The Strafer, (1915), Epsom.

  Todman, D., The Great War, London: Hambledon, 2005.

  Tomlinson, H. M., (1930), All Our Yesterdays, London: William Heinemann.

  Tommy & Jack: their wit, fun and high spirits, (1916), ‘W.S.’, ed., London: National Egg Collection for the Wounded.

  Trevelyan, G., (1919), Scenes from Italy’s War, London: T. C. & E. C. Jack.

  Treves, F., ed., (1916), Made in the Trenches, London: George Allen & Unwin.

  Tytler, N. F., (1922), With Lancashire Lads and Field Guns in France, Manchester: John Heywood.

  Van Emden, R., (2014), Tommy’s War, London: Bloomsbury.

  Van Emden, R. and S. Humphries, (2003), All Quiet on the Home Front, London: Headline.

  Vansittart, P., see Masefield, J.

  Vernède, R., (1917), Letters To His Wife, London: W. Collins, Sons & Co.

  Vizetelly, F., (1917), The Soldier’s Service Dictionary of English and French Terms, New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co.

  Voigt, F. A., ([1920] 1929), Combed Out, London: Jonathan Cape.

  Wadsworth, J., (2014), Letters from the Trenches, Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military.

  Waites, B., (1987), A Class Society at War, Leamington Spa: Berg.

  Walker, D., (1970), With the Lost Generation, Hull: A. Brown & Sons Ltd.

  Walker, J., (1844), A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the English Language, Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson & Sons.

  Walker, J., (1854), A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the English Language, London: Simms & M’Intyre.

  Walker J. and C. Declercq, eds, (2016), Languages and the First World War: communicating in a transnational war, London: Palgrave Macmillan.

  Walker, J., (2016), ‘Wartime citations in Ernest Weekley’s An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English (1921) and contemporary dictionaries’, in C. Declercq and J. Walker, eds, Languages and the First World War: representation and memory, 214–36, London: Palgrave Macmillan.

  Walker, J., (2016), ‘Who owned war slang?’, in L. Karvalics, ed., Information History of the First World War, 57–86, Paris: L’Harmattan.

  Walter, T., ‘War grave pilgrimage’, (1993), in T. Reader and T. Walter, eds, Pilgrimage in Popular Culture, Basingstoke: Macmillan.

  War Diary of the 1st Life Guards. First year, 1914–1915, England: British Army.

  War-Time Tips for Soldiers and Civilians, (1915), London: C. A. Pearson.

  Weekley, E., ([1921] 1967), An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, New York: Dover Publications.

  Weekley, E., (1926), Words Ancient and Modern, London: John Murray.

  West, A., ([1919] 2014), The Diary of a Dead Officer, Llandogo, Monmouth: Old Stile Press.

  What’s the Dope? (1944), London; Bognor Regis: John Crowther.

  Wheeler, H., (1918), Daring Deeds of Merchant Seamen in the Great War, London: G. G. Harrap & Co.

  White Band, The, (1917), Officer Cadet Battalions, Crookham.

  Whitworth, G., (1914), The Child’s ABC of the War, London: George Allen & Unwin.

  Williams, G., Diary, http://www.europeana1914–1918.eu/en/contributions/17242, accessed 25 April 2017.

  Williamson, H., (1930), The Patriot’s Progress, London: Geoffrey Bles.

  Wilson, C., (Lord Moran), Anatomy of Courage, ([1945] 1987), London: Constable & Co.

  Winter, J., (1988), The Experience of World War I, Oxford: Equinox.

  Winter, J., ([1995] 1998), Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Winter, J., and B. Baggett, (1996), 1914–18, London: BBC Books.

  Wood, W., (1916), In the Line of Battle, London: Chapman & Hall.

  Wright, M., (2010), Shattered Glory: the New Zealand experience at Gallipoli and the Western Front, Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin.

  Wyatt, H., ([1914] 1917), Malice in Kulturland, Richmond: The Car Illustrated.

  Yerta, G., (1917), Six Women and the Invasion, London: Macmillan & Co.

  Young, G., From the Trenches, (1914), London: T. Fisher Unwin.

  Other Reading

  Bagnold, E., (1920), The Happy Foreigner, London: William Heinemann.

  Brittain, V., (1933), Testament of Youth: an autobiographical study of the years 1900–1925, London: Victor Gollancz.

  Buttenhuis, P., ([1987] 1989), The Great War of Words, London: Batsford.

  Cholmondeley, A., (Elizabeth von Arnim), (1917), Christine, London: Macmillan.

  Cummings, E., (1922), The Enormous Room, New York: Boni & Liveright.

  Doyle, P., (2008), Tommy’s War: British military memorabilia, 1914–1918, Ramsbury: Crowood.

  Doyle, P., and C. Foster, (2013), Remembering Tommy, Stroud: The History Press.

  Grayzel, S., (2002), Women and the First World War, London; New York: Longman/Pearson Education.

  King Albert’s Book: a tribute to the Belgian King and the people from representative men and women throughout the world, (1914), London: Daily Telegraph.

  Kraus, K., trans. A. Gode and S. Wright, ([1922] 1974), The Last Days of Mankind, New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co.

  Kyle, G., ed., (1916), Soldier Poets: songs of the fighting men, London: Erskine Macdonald.

  Macnaughtan, S., (1915), A Woman’s Diary of the War, London: T. Nelson & Sons.

  Sassoon, S., (1930), Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, London: Faber & Faber.

  Smith, H., (1931), Women of the Aftermath, London: John Long.

  Online Resources

  British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk

  The Times Digital Archive http://gale.cengage.co.uk/times-digital-archive/times-digital-archive-17852006.aspx

  The Manchester Guardian and The Observer https://www.theguardian.com/info/2012/jul/25/digital-archive-notice

  Other websites

  http://1914–1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=217500 accessed 12 September 2016

  http://andc.anu.edu.au/australian-words/aif-slang/annotated-glossary accessed 6 February 2017

  http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06748_4/1?r=0&s=1 accessed 17 October 2016

  http://encyclopedia.1914–1918-online.net/article/censorship accessed 20 December 2016

  http://encyclopedia.1914–1918-online.net
/article/soldier_newspapers accessed 13 November 2016

  http://encyclopedia.1914–1918-online.net/article/warfare_1914–1918_belgium accessed 5 February 2017

  http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=755 accessed 17 October 2016

  http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1916/oct/11/statement-by-prime-minister accessed 7 February 2017

  http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1919/dec/17/imperial-war-graves-commission#S5CV0123P0_19191217_HOC_411 accessed 5 December 2016

  http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1931/nov/23/defence-of-the-realm-act#S5CV0260P0_19311123_HOC_309 accessed 21 October 2016

  http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1921/jun/23/defence-of-the-realm-act#S5CV0143P0_19210623_CWA_68 accessed 21 October 2016

  http://herolettersww1.blogspot.co.uk/2008/12/ymca-during-wwi-with-photos.html accessed 13 November 2016

  http://research.gold.ac.uk/16713/1/Grayson%252c%20R.pdf accessed 2 April 2016

  http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/group/p01tbj6p accessed 7 February 2017

  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-29757988 accessed 20 December 2016

  http://www.bertspires.co.uk accessed 14 December 2016

  http://www.bobbrookes.co.uk/DiaryCH2.htm accessed 21 December 2016

  http://www.bobbrookes.co.uk/DiaryCH2.htm accessed 10 October 2016

  http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results/1916-01-01/1916-12-31?basicsearch=negro&somesearch=negro&exactsearch=false&sortorder=score&page=0 accessed 29 October 2016

  http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results/1919-01-01/1919-12-31?basicsearch=blimey&somesearch=blimey&sortorder=score&exactsearch=false&page=2 accessed 2 November 2016

  http://www.essexrecordofficeblog.co.uk/the-battle-babies-of-essex/ accessed 19 April 2016

  http://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/blog/battle-babies/?utm_source=The%20National%20Archives& utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=6724312_ FWW%20update%20February&dm_i=MAN,404IG,AD27MM,EGQQE,1 accessed 19 April 2016

  http://www.europeana1914–1918.eu/en/contributions/17242 accessed 7 October 2016

  http://www.express.co.uk/news/world-war-1/489831/Charlie-May-s-War-Secret-diary-WWI-officer accessed 27 December 2016