by Andrew Moore
2.Reuben Gold Thwaites, Afloat on the Ohio: An Historical Pilgrimage of a Thousand Miles in a Skiff, from Redstone to Cairo (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999), 215.
3.Harry Gordon, The River Motor Boat Boys on the Amazon, Or, The Secret of Cloud Island (New York: A. L. Burt Company, 1913), 93. https://books.google.com/books?id=P11DAQAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
4.Steven J. Shotola et al., “Sugar Maple Invasion of an Old-Growth Oak-Hickory Forest in Southwestern Illinois,” American Midland Naturalist 127, no. 1 (1992): 125–38.
5.Kirk W. Pomper, Jeremiah D. Lowe, Li Lu, Sheri B. Crabtree, and Lauren A. Collins, “Clonality of Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) Patches in Kentucky,” Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Sciences 70, no. 1 (2009): 3–11.
6.Desmond R. Layne, “The Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal]: A New Fruit Crop for Kentucky and the United States,” HortScience (1996): 15–22.
7.Katherine Goodrich, “Does Your Pawpaw Smell Flowery or Fermented?” Palmetto 24, no. 4 (2007): 12–15.
8.Library of Congress, “What Is the Largest Flower in the World?” Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/flower.html (accessed March 7, 2015).
9.Pennsylvania State University, “Red Trillium,” Virtual Nature Trail at Penn State New Kensington, http://www.psu.edu/dept/nkbiology/naturetrail/speciespages/red_trillium.html (accessed March 7, 2015).
10.Neal Peterson, “How to Hand-Pollinate Pawpaws,” California Rare Fruit Growers (1997): 10–11. http://www.clemson.edu/hort/peach/pdfs/FG97.pdf (accessed March 7, 2015).
11.Ray Jones, “Germination at Home,” The Pawpaw Tracker 92, no. 1 (1992): 8.
12.Layne, “The Pawpaw.”
13.Barb Ernst, “Growing Paw Paws from Seed,” Pawpaw Pickin’s (Ohio Pawpaw Growers Association) 4, no. 1 (2005): 4.
14.Finck, “The Pawpaw—An American Fruit.”
15.Davis, “Update on Papaws,” 82–84.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
1.Harry W. Fritz, The Lewis and Clark Expedition (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2004), 63.
2.William Clark, Gary E. Moulton, and Thomas W. Dunlay, eds., The Definitive Journals of Lewis & Clark: From the Ohio to the Vermillion, vol. 2 of the Nebraska Edition (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986), 510.
3.Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, Charles Floyd, and Joseph Whitehouse, Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804–1806, vol. 5 (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1905), 382–95. https://books.google.com/books?id=OvEtAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
1.“Overview of Fruits at Monticello,” http://www.monticello.org/site/house-and-gardens/overview-fruits-monticello (accessed March 7, 2015).
2.Ibid.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
1.“Pilot Mountain State Park, History,” North Carolina State Parks, http://www.ncparks.gov/Visit/parks/pimo/history.php (accessed March 7, 2015).
2.Lawson, Lawson’s History of North Carolina.
3.Ibid.
4.Catherine Kozak, “Mother of All Vines Gives Birth to New Wine,” Virginian Pilot, July 14, 2008. http://hamptonroads.com/2008/07/mother-all-vines-gives-birth-new-wine (accessed March 7, 2015).
5.John J. Winberry and Roy S. Stine. “Settlement Geography of the Carolinas Before 1900,” in A Geography of the Carolinas, ed. David Gordon Bennet and Jeffrey C. Patton (Boone, NC: Parkway Publishers, 2008), 53–94.
6.Ibid.
7.Ibid.
8.Ibid.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
1.Daniel Lindsey Thomas and Lucy Blayney Thomas, Kentucky Superstitions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1920), 224.
2.John A. Scott Jr., Sam Rogers, and David Cooke, “Woods-Grown Ginseng,” West Virginia University Extension Service, http://www.ntfpinfo.us/docs/other/Scott1995-WoodsGrownGinseng.pdf (accessed June 3, 2015).
3.W. S. Webb and W. D. Funkhouser, “The McLeod Bluff Site in Hicman County, Kentucky,” Reports in Archaeology and Anthropology 3, no. 1 (1933): 140.
4.Ibid.
5.Patty Jo Watson, Archaeology of the Mammoth Cave Area (New York: Academic Press, 1974), 35.
6.“Fig: Fruit Facts,” California Rare Fruit Growers, http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/fig.html (accessed March 7, 2015).
7.“Figs,” Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, http://www.agmrc.org/commodities__products/fruits/figs (accessed March 7, 2015).
8.Ray B. Browne, Popular Beliefs and Practices from Alabama (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1958), 26, 69.
9.Vance Randolph, Ozark Magic and Folklore (1947; repr. New York: Dover Publications, 1965), 48.
10.Ibid., 316.
11.Richmond (KY) Climax, February 5, 1896, 3.
12.Bill Henry, “Alex Stewart: A Personal Reminiscence,” Tennessee Folklore Society Bulletin 47, no. 2 (1981): 48–66.
13.Robert Baird, View of the Valley of the Mississippi, Or, The Emigrant’s and Traveller’s Guide to the West (Philadelphia: H. S. Tanner, 1834), 264–65. https://books.google.com/books?id=ypg1AQAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
14.E. W. Hiligrad, Report on the Geology and Agriculture of the State of Mississippi (Jackson: E. Barksdale, State Printer, 1860), 370. https://books.google.com/books?id=UfEtkwfKad8C&source=gbs_navlinks_s
15.Chester Sullivan, Sullivan’s Hollow (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1978), 9. https://books.google.com/books?id=SOMWxZqd-dgC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
16.Ibid.
17.Baca, Native American Place Names in Mississippi, 16.
18.Ibid.
19.Bright, Native American Placenames of the United States, 30.
20.Robert Penn Warren, Flood: A Romance of Our Time (New York: Random House, 1964), 91.
21.Walt Whitman, “O Magnet-South,” in Leaves of Grass (New York: Penguin, 1980), 362–63.
22.Ray Lewis White, ed., Sherwood Anderson’s Memoirs: A Critical Edition (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969), 50.
23.John Carter Cash, Anchored in Love: An Intimate Portrait of June Carter Cash (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2008), 17–18. https://books.google.com/books?id=gyIttRsce-oC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
24.Wilson Rawls, Where the Red Fern Grows (New York: Dell Laurel-Leaf, 1989), 8–9.
25.William Faulkner, “Red Leaves,” in The Portable Faulkner (New York: Penguin Books, 2003), 67.
26.John P. Hale, Trans-Allegheny Pioneers (West Virginia and Ohio): Historical Sketches of the First White Settlers West of the Alleghenies, 1748 and After (Westminster, MD: Heritage Books, 1988), 273. http://books.google.com/books?id=wSpGQcJPLp4C&source=gbs_navlinks_s
27.Neal O. Hammon and Richard Tayor, Virginia’s Western War: 1775–1786 (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002), 46.
28.Charles McMurry, Pioneer History Stories of the Mississippi Valley: For Fourth and Fifth Grades (New York: Macmillan Company, 1903), 127. https://books.google.com/books?id=RI1BAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
29.Wills De Hass, History of the Early Settlement and Indian Wars of Western Virginia: Embracing an Account of the Various Expeditions on the West, Previous to 1795 (Philadelphia: King & Baird, 1851), 320. https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9pBcqE_U6AC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
30.Quapaw Canoe Company, “Expeditions—Extended Expeditions,” http://www.island63.com/expeditions-extended_expeditions.cfm (accessed March 8, 2015).
31.Mark Twain, The Autobiography of Mark Twain, ed. Charles Neider (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000), 16.
32.Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (New York: Modern Library, 1993), 100–01.
33.Albert Bigelow Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, The Personal and Literary Life of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, vol. 1 (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1
912), 62–63.
34.Andrew Beahrs, Twain’s Feast: Searching for America’s Lost Foods in the Footsteps of Samuel Clemens (New York: Penguin Press, 2010), 283.
35.Paducah (KY) Evening Sun, March 24, 1897, 3.
36.Ronald L. Powell, “Where, Oh, Where Is Pretty or Poor or Dear Little Nellie?” http://www.ohiopawpaw.com/PawpawHistory.pdf (accessed March 8, 2015).
37.Robin D. G. Kelley and Earl Lewis, eds., To Make Our World Anew: A History of African Americans (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2000), 264. https://books.google.com/books?id=xMlMAgAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
38.William Royal Oake, On the Skirmish Line Behind a Friendly Tree: The Civil War Memoirs of William Royal Oake, 26th Iowa Volunteers, ed. Stacy Dale Allen (Helena: Farcountry Press, 2006), 84. https://books.google.com/books?id=ut39BFr9ExEC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
39.Frances Trollope, Domestic Manners of the Americans (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2003), 12.
40.The Picayune Creole Cook Book (New York: Dover Publications, 1971).
41.Emanuel J. Drechsel, Mobilian Jargon: Linguistic and Sociohistorical Aspects of a Native American Pidgin (Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1997), 89, 95.
42.Captain Mayne Reid, Bruin; Or, The Grand Bear Hunt (London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge), 299–301. https://books.google.com/books?id=wcQBAAAAQAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
43.Steve Bender, “Giddy Over Pawpaws,” Southern Living 33, no. 8 (1998): 30.
44.Topeka Daily Capital, September 26, 1902, “On Second Thought” [column].
45.Little, The Pawpaw.
46.Henry Bibb, “Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American Slave,” in I Was Born a Slave: An Anthology of Slave Narratives, vol. 2: 1849–1866, ed. Yuval Taylor (Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1999), 4–101.
47.Benny J. Simpson, A Field Guide to Texas Trees (Lanham, MD: Taylor Trade Publishing, 1999), 66. https://books.google.com/books?id=FcwVAAAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
48.North Texas Fossils, “Pawpaw Formation,” http://www.northtexasfossils.com/pawpaw.htm (accessed March 8, 2015).
49.Cecil Elkins Carter, Caddo Indians: Where We Come From (Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995), 101.
50.Frances B. King and James E. King, “Interdisciplinary Approaches to Environmental Reconstruction: An Example from the Ozark Highland,” in Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology, ed. Elizabeth J. Reitz, Lee A. Newsom, and Sylvia J. Scudder (New York: Plenum Press, 1966), 71–86.
51.Writers’ Program of the Works Progress Administration in the State of Arkansas, Arkansas: A Guide to the State (New York: Hastings House, 1941), 25.
52.Fred Pfister, Insiders’ Guide to Branson and the Ozark Mountains (Guilford, CT: Morris Book Publishing, 2009), 60. https://books.google.com/books?id=5SpZmBLVnTQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
53.Bill Vivrett, “Will the Circle Be Unbroken?” http://www.angelfire.com/tx3/viverette/missouri/tributeelmer.html (accessed March 8, 2015).
54.Jesse Stuart, “Beyond Dark Hills,” in Jesse Stuart on Education, ed. J. R. LeMaster (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1992), 31–52.
55.“An Arkansas ’Possum Hunt,” Wallace’s Monthly (July 1883): 420.
56.J. C. Stribling, “The Black Ghost of the Rocky Branch or the Slave-Time Possum Hunter,” in Pendleton Farmers’ Society (Atlanta: Foote & Davies, 1908), 100–05. https://books.google.com/books?id=YoFFAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
57.Randolph, Ozark Magic and Folklore, 251.
58.Vickie Layton Cobb, Ozark Pioneers (Chicago: Arcadia Publishing, 2001), 31. https://books.google.com/books?id=l7nlTnpwiPAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
59.Lynn Morrow and Linda Myers-Phinney, Shepherd of the Hills Country: Tourism Transforms the Ozarks, 1880s–1930s (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1999), 122. https://books.google.com/books?id=6D0-YmjQfdsC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
60.American Genetics Association, “The Best Papaws,” 28.
61.Randolph, Ozark Magic and Folklore, 261.
62.Ibid., 281–82, 289.
63.Ibid., 151, 168, 237.
64.Vance Randolph, Blow the Candle Out: “Unprintable” Ozark Folksongs and Folklore, vol. 2: Folk Rhymes and Other Lore, ed. G. Legman (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1992), 74. https://books.google.com/books?id=S93LdPw2KP0C&source=gbs_navlinks_s
65.Kenneth L. Smith, Buffalo River Handbook (Little Rock: Ozark Society Foundation), 197. https://books.google.com/books?id=0zdyADEqn_IC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
1.Fred Sauceman, “Of Sorghum Syrup, Cushaws, Mountain Barbecue, Soup Beans, and Black Iron Skillets,” in Cornbread Nation 3: Foods of the Mountain South, ed. Ronni Lundy (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 216–25.
2.Mark F. Sohn, Mountain Country Cooking: A Gathering of the Best Recipes from the Smokies to the Blue Ridge (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), 242–45.
3.Janet Alm Anderson, A Taste of Kentucky (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1986), 79. https://books.google.com/books?id=o8xnHLCMIyAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
4.American Genetics Association, “The Best Papaws,” 21–33.
5.Writers’ Program of the Work Projects Administration in State of West Virginia, West Virginia: A Guide to the Mountain State (New York: Oxford University Press, 1941), 194–95.
6.Anderson, “Hitting the Road on a Pawpaw Pilgrimage.”
7.Zach Harold, “Fans Say Pawpaws, a Forgotten American Fruit, Are Poised for Popularity,” Charleston Daily Mail, September 9, 2014. http://www.charlestondailymail.com/article/20140909/DM06/140919993
8.H. Tyler Blethen, “Pioneer Settlement,” in High Mountains Rising: Appalachia in Time and Place, ed. Richard A. Straw and H. Tyler Blethen (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004), 17–29.
9.Ibid.
10.Paul Salstrom, “The Great Depression,” in High Mountains Rising: Appalachia in Time and Place, ed. Richard A. Straw and H. Tyler Blethen (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004), 74–87.
11.Ibid.
12.Ray Jones, “Greetings from Pawpaw, USA,” The Pawpaw Tracker 3, no. 1 (1993): 7–10.
13.Roy Lee Harmon, “Did the Drys Destroy the Formula for Making Liquor, Huh Daddy?” Raleigh Register, July 31, 1963, 4.
14.Louisville, KY, Courier-Journal, September 12, 1896, 6.
15.“Steepheads,” Northwest Florida Enviornmental Conservancy, http://www.nwflec.com/northwestfloridaenvironmentalconservancypart2/id12.html (accessed March 8, 2015).
16.Paul Salstrom, Appalachia’s Path to Dependency: Rethinking a Region’s Economic History 1730–1940 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1994), 121. https://books.google.com/books?id=eKIeBgAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
17.J. Russell Smith, Tree Crops: A Permanent Agriculture (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1929), 239.
18.J. Russell Smith, “Farming Appalachia,” American Review of Reviews 53 (1916): 329–36.
19.John P. Hale, Trans-Allegheny Pioneers (West Virginia and Ohio): Historical Sketches of the First White Settlers West of the Alleghenies, 1748 and After (Westminster, MD: Heritage Books, 1988), 273. http://books.google.com/books?id=wSpGQcJPLp4C&source=gbs_navlinks_s
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
1.Pierre-François-Xavier de Charlevoix, History and General Description of New France, vol. 2, trans. John Gilmary Shea (New York: John Gilmary Shea, 1870), 191. https://books.google.com/books?id=2eR5AAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
2.William Engelbrecht, Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2003), 28.
3.David N. Cozzo, “Ethnobotanical Classificiation System and Medical Ethnobotany of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians” (PhD diss., University of Georgia, 2004), 55.
4.Doug Elliott, “Way Down Yond
er,” August 29, 2012, https://dougelliottstory.wordpress.com/2012/08/29/way-down-yonder (accessed March 8, 2015).
5.Eliot Wigginton and His Students, eds., Foxfire 3: Animal Care, Banjos and Dulcimers, Hide Tanning, Summer and Fall Wild Plant Foods, Butter Churns, Ginseng and Still More Affairs of Plain Living (New York: Anchor Books, 1975), 274, 299.
CHAPTER NINETEEN
1.Little, The Pawpaw.
2.Ibid.
3.Arthur Lawrence Bodurtha, History of Miami County, Indiana: A Narrative Account of Its Historical Progress, Its People and Its Principal Interests, vol. 1 (Chicago: Lewis Publishing, 1914), 197. http://books.google.com/books?id=gRgVAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
4.De Voe, The Market Assistant, 384.
5.Logan Esarey, The Indiana Home (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1953, 1976), 53–54. https://books.google.com/books?id=nMG0Pi_VGfEC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
6.“The Indiana Paw-Paw,” Louisville, KY, Courier-Journal, July 10, 1892, 3.
7.Ibid.
8.William E. Wilson, The Wabash (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1940), 267–68.
9.Robert J. Barth, “The Vincennes Culture in the Lower Wabash Drainage,” in Cahokia and the Hinterlands: Middle Mississippian Cultures of the Midwest, ed. Thomas E. Emerson and R. Barry Lewis (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), 257–63. https://books.google.com/books?id=55h7hrf-ET0C&source=gbs_navlinks_s
10.Arthur Bryant, quoted in Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society 36 (1902): 134–35. https://books.google.com/books?id=tAQhAQAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
11.Jones, “Greetings from Pawpaw, USA.”
12.Frederick Webb Hodge, ed., Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico in Four Parts, vol. 1: A to G [Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 30] (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1912), 101, 102. https://books.google.com/books?id=t9Y_AAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
13.Pantagraph, September 20, 1902, 8.
14.Chicago Daily Tribune, August 10, 1913, 4.
15.“Carl Sandburg to Lecture Here,” Record-Argus, February 19, 1937, 1.