92. [Cohn interview with staff of Queen Mary’s Hospital for Children, Carshalton] Richard Metcalfe, August 29 1955, Cohn Papers, MHS-K; [Cohn interview with] Amy Lindsey, May 19 1955.
93. “Medical Societies: Society of Medical Officers of Health; Poliomyelitis” Lancet (June 17 1950) 1: 1113–1115; R. H. Metcalfe in “Medical Societies: Society of Medical Officers of Health; Poliomyelitis” Lancet (June 17 1950) 1: 1114.
94. C. D. S. Agassiz in “Medical Societies: Society of Medical Officers of Health; Poliomyelitis” Lancet (June 17 1950) 1: 1114.
95. M. Mitman in “Medical Societies: Society of Medical Officers of Health; Poliomyelitis” Lancet (June 17 1950) 1: 1115.
96. Baron de Waha-Baillonville to Dear Sister Kenny, January 2 1946, Belgium, MHS-K; Laruelle to Dear Mr. President [of KF Board of Directors], August 10 1949, Home Secretary’s Office, Special Batches, Kenny Clinics, 1941–1949, A/31753, QSA; Kenny to President and Members of the Board of Directors [Institute], September 10 1945, Public Relations, MOD-K; Kenny to Dear Doctor Bauwens, August 31 1945, Dr. Philip[pe] Bauwens, 1945–1947, MHS-K. On Laruelle’s commitment to polio research and his founding of the Belgium League Against Poliomyelitis after the 1928 Belgium epidemic, see R. Ch. Behrend “Gedenwort fuer Leon Laruelle” Deutsche Zeitschrift fuer Nervenheilkunder (1962) 183: 305–306.
97. L. Laruelle “The Brussels Poliomyelitis Center: Report of the Activity of the Kenny Section” [enclosed in] Laruelle to Dear Mr. President [of KF Board of Directors], August 10 1949, Home Secretary’s Office, Special Batches, Kenny Clinics, 1941–1949, A/31753, QSA.
98. Nora Housden and Dorothy Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, [November 1948], Belgium—Nora Housden, 1948–1950, MHS-KL. Laruelle “The Brussels Poliomyelitis Center,” August 10 1949; Housden to Dear Sister Kenny, December 14 1949, Belgium—Nora Housden, 1948–1950, MHS-K.
99. Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto [Mary Rizzotto, World Children’s Foundation, Pasadena], March 4 1952, James Henry, 1943–1951, MHS-K.
100. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, May 2 1950, Dorothy Curtis, MHS-K. Most were private patients but as the institute was also funded by the Belgian National League against Poliomyelitis it may have accepted some public patients as well; Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952.
101. Housden and Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, [November 1948]; Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, January 21 1949, Dorothy Curtis, MHS-K.
102. Housden to Dear Sister Kenny, December 14 1949.
103. Housden and Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, [November 1948]; Laruelle “The Brussels Poliomyelitis Center,” August 10 1949.
104. Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952.
105. “Sister Kenny Says Photos Prove She’s Right on Polio” New York Journal-American July 14 1950.
106. Laruelle “The Brussels Poliomyelitis Center,” August 10 1949.
107. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, May 2 1950.
108. Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952.
109. Laruelle “The Brussels Poliomyelitis Center,” August 10 1949.
110. Housden to Dear Sister Kenny, September 28 1950, Belgium—Nora Housden, 1948–1950, MHS-K.
111. Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952; Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, November 27 1949, Czechoslovakia-Misc., 1949–1951, MHS-K. On the nationalization of all Czech spas in 1948 see Zdenek Stich Czechoslovak Health Services (Prague: Ministry of Health, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, 1962), 62.
112. Hejlova [Prague Vice-Minister of Health] to Dear Sister Kenny, August 7 1949, Cohn Papers, MHS-K.
113. Walter Johnson “Therapist Returns From Iron Curtain” Minneapolis Star July 22 1953; Dorothy E. Curtis “Nurse, There’s Typhus in Camp” American Journal of Nursing (September 1945) 45: 714; Dorothy E. Curtis “The Way It Was” American Journal of Nursing (October 1984) 84: 1254. She was supposedly the daughter of American missionaries.
114. Johnson “Therapist Returns From Iron Curtain”; Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, July 15 1948, Dorothy Curtis, MHS-K.
115. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, August 27 1949, Belgium, MHS-K; Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, April 14 1949, Belgium, MHS-K.
116. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, November 27 1949; Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, August 27 1949; Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, May 2 1950. See also Curtis “Sister Kenny’s Visit to Czechoslovakia June 6–12, 1950,” Czechoslovakia, Misc., 1949–1951, MHS-K.
117. D. Slonim, E. Svandova, P. Strnad, and C. Benes “A History of Poliomyelitis in the Czech Republic: Part II” Central European Journal of Public Health (1993) 2: 88–90.
118. Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952; Johnson “Therapist Returns From Iron Curtain”; Hroch et al. to Dear Sister Kenny, March 4 1950, Kenny Collection, Fryer Library.
119. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, October 22 1949, Czechoslovakia-Misc., 1949–1951, MHS-K; see also “An Official Report of Sister Elizabeth Kenny’s Activities in Czechoslovakia,” Minnesota-Hospitals, 1944–1961, Sister Kenny Institute, Judd Papers, MHS; Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, November 27 1949.
120. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, March 11 1949, Czechoslovakia-Misc., 1949–1951, MHS-K.
121. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, May 2 1950.
122. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, October 22 1949; Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, March 11 1949; Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, November 27 1949.
123. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, November 27 1949.
124. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, October 22 1949.
125. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, March 11 1949.
126. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, November 27 1949.
127. “An Official Report of Sister Elizabeth Kenny’s Activities in Czechoslovakia”; see also M. Vetterova-Pastrnkova and Vera Flrcuskova [student representative] to Dear Sister Kenny, February 15 1950, Minnesota-Hospitals, 1944–1961, Judd Papers, MHS; and [graduation class] to Dear Sister Kenny, March 4 1950, Minnesota-Hospitals, 1944–1961, Judd Papers, MHS.
128. Curtis “Sister Kenny’s Visit to Czechoslovakia June 6–12, 1950”; see also “An Official Report of Sister Elizabeth Kenny’s Activities in Czechoslovakia.”
129. Curtis “Sister Kenny’s Visit to Czechoslovakia June 6–12, 1950”; compared to “An Official Report of Sister Elizabeth Kenny’s Activities in Czechoslovakia.”
130. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, November 27 1949; Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, March 11 1949.
131. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, November 27 1949. While the impact of these efforts is difficult to assess, we do know that Alois Wokoun, a patient treated at Janské Lázně in the 1940s, became a wheelchair-bound Kenny therapist; see SVETOBEZNIKEM SE SADISTKOU (Globetrotter with Sadist Polio); some of his experiences were published in the Toomey j Gazette; see Post Polio Health International “People We Know” post-polio.org/net/peo1.htm1, accessed 1/17/2013.
132. Curtis to Dear Sister Kenny, November 27 1949.
133. Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952; Housden to Dear Sister Kenny, December 14 1949; Housden to Dear Sister Kenny, February 20 1950, Belgium—Nora Housden, 1948–1950, MHS-K. Helen Sare, a Kenny technician from England, had begun working with Nora Housden, but patient care and staff morale were disrupted when Housden developed ovarian cancer and died in late 1950; Naomi Rogers “ ‘Silence Has Its Own Stories’: Elizabeth Kenny, Polio and the Culture of Medicine” Social History of Medicine (2008) 21: 145–161. The KF had spent around $12,000 on funding Kenny work in Brussels, including Laruelle’s research; Kenny to Dear Mr. [Rex] Williams, July 28 1950, General Correspondence-W, MHS-K.
134. Helen Sare to Dear Mrs. Rowe, May 25 1952, Belgium, MHS-K.
135. Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952.
136. Curtis to Dear Dr. Bingham, April 17 1952, James Henry, 1943–1951, MHS-K; Johnson “Therapist Returns From Iron Curtain”; Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952.
137. Kenny to Dear Mr. [Ralph] McBane, July 27 1950, General Correspondence–M, MHS-K; C. S. Wright [president, Munich German American Men’s Club] Official Statement and Report
on the Occasion of the Visit of Sister Elizabeth Kenny to Munich in Support of the ‘Pfennig-Parade,’ May 19–25, 1950, Minnesota-Hospitals, 1944–1961, Judd Papers, MHS.
138. Curtis to Dear Dr. Bingham, April 17 1952; Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952. See also Max Stauffenegger “Poliomyelitis-Forschungen in USA, 1942–1946” European Journal of Pediatrics (January 1948) 65: 454–539 which noted Kenny’s good results but warned that German pediatricians must keep their eyes open before accepting a new polio therapy that so clearly contradicted polio’s pathology.
139. Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952; Curtis to Dear Mr. Kline, April 17 1952, Marvin L. Kline, 1942–1959, MHS-K.
140. Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952; Curtis to Dear Dr. Bingham, April 17 1952.
141. Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952; Curtis to Dear Mr. Kline, April 17 1952.
142. Johnson “Therapist Returns From Iron Curtain.”
143. Curtis to Dear Mr. Henry, April 17 1952, James Henry, 1943–1951, MHS-K; Curtis to Dear Miss Rizzotto, March 4 1952.
144. Kenny “Concerning the Extension of My Work in the State of California” [1949]; Kenny to Dear Mr. Haverstock, December 30 1950.
145. Kenny “Concerning the Extension of My Work in the State of California” [1949]; Kenny to Dear Mr. Henry, November 22 1949.
146. Kenny “Concerning the Extension of My Work in the State of California” [1949].
147. “Drive to Aid Sister Kenny” Pittsburgh Courier November 30 1946.
148. “Kenny Nurse Supports NY Polio Drive” New York Amsterdam News December 6 1947; see also “Kenny Technician” Chicago Defender July 10 1948; “The Defender News Reel” Chicago Defender March 20 1948.
149. “Polio Tenor Aids Victims Of All Races” Atlanta Daily World February 18 1948; “Pruth McFarlin …” Chicago Defender November 20 1948.
150. “Café Society Festivity” New York Amsterdam News August 6 1949; Allan McMillan “Allan’s Alley” New York Amsterdam News July 30 1949. See also Ronald A. Smith “The Paul Robeson-Jackie Robinson Saga and a Political Collision” Journal of Sport History (Summer 1979) 6: 5–23; Martin Duberman Paul Robeson: A Biography (New York: New Press, 2005).
151. “Jackie Robinson Honored By Sister Kenny Institute” Atlanta Daily World August 13 1949; McMillan “Allan’s Alley.” This project was taken up by a group of influential Harlem women including Bessie Buchanan, a Cotton Club dancer and civil rights activist who a few years later became the first black woman in New York’s state legislature; Allan McMillan “Allan’s Alley” New York Amsterdam News September 24 1949; see also “Line Up Against Polio” Philadelphia Tribune August 20 1949.
152. “Sister Kenny in Harlem” New York Amsterdam News September 10 1949; Allan McMillan “Allan’s Alley” New York Amsterdam News October 29 1949. See also “Stars of Stage, Screen Rally To Aid Jackie Robinson Ball” New York Amsterdam News September 17 1949; [advertisement] “Biggest Benefit Ball In The History of Harlem … Benefit Jackie Robinson Polio Fund of the Sister Kenny Institute” New York Amsterdam News September 17 1949; Allan McMillan “Allan’s Alley” New York Amsterdam News October 8 1949. By December Harlem Citizens had established the Jackie Robinson Polio Fund for Sister Kenny and raised over $12,000; Allan McMillan “Allan’s Alley” New York Amsterdam News December 31 1949.
153. [Cohn interview with] E. J. Huenkens, June 3 1964, Cohn Papers, MHS-K.
154. Kenny to Dear Doctor Huenkens, October 2 1951, New York City, 1942–1951, MHS-K; Kenny “Concerning the Extension of My Work in the State of California” [1949]; Kenny to Dear Mr. Dayton, May 8 1950, Donald C. Dayton, 1944–1951, MHS-K.
155. Kenny to Dear Mr. Dayton, December 27 1949, Donald C. Dayton, 1944–1951, MHS-K; Kenny to Dear Doctor Stevens, December 29 1950, Jersey City Medical Center, 1944–1950, MHS-K.
156. Kenny to Dear Mr. Dayton, December 27 1949.
157. Kenny “Concerning the Extension of My Work in the State of California” [1949]; Kenny to Dear Mr. Dayton, May 8 1950; Kenny to Dear Doctor Stevens, December 29 1950. Today the city hospital has a unit called the Miland E. Knapp Rehabilitation Center.
158. Miland E. Knapp To Whom It May Concern, October 27 1949, Dr. Miland Knapp, 1944–1945, 1949, MHS-K.
159. Miland E. Knapp, Lewis Sher, and Theodore S. Smith “Results of Kenny Treatment of Acute Poliomyelitis: Present Status of Three Hundred Ninety-One Patients Treated between 1940 and 1945” JAMA (January 10 1953) 151: 117–120.
160. Kenny to Henry Haverstock [telegram], February 5 1950, Henry W. Haverstock, 1942–1951, MHS-K; Kenny to Dear Mr. Crosby, November 30 1950, George C. Crosby, 1943–1951, MHS-K; Kenny to Dear Mr. Haverstock, March 15 1950, Henry W. Haverstock, 1942–1951, MHS-K; Kenny to Dear Mr. [E. J.] Rollings, May 3 1950, Michigan, Belgium, MHS-K.
161. Henry Haverstock to Dear Sister Kenny, March 18 1950, Henry W. Haverstock, 1942–1951, MHS-K.
162. “Bill Lets Sister Kenny Come and Go at Will” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin February 8 1950; Cohn “Sister Kenny … Back in the Battle Again;” “Sister Kenny Gets Privileges” New York Times February 12 1950. Kenny had organized a series of petitions asking the Secretary of State to give her such a visa months earlier, and gained the support of Minnesota Senator Democrat Hubert Humphrey and Congressman Republican Walter Judd; see “Humphrey Would Waive Visas for Sister Kenny” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin June 10 1949; “Gives Sister Kenny Key to U.S. Forever” New York Journal-American September 28 1949; E. J. Huenkens et al. to Dear Sir [Secretary of State], May 10 1949, Minnesota-Hospitals, 1944–1961, Sister Kenny Institute, Judd Papers, MHS.
163. Cohn “Sister Kenny … Back in the Battle Again.”
164. Mildred Strunk “The Quarter’s Polls” Public Opinion Quarterly (Summer 1950) 14: 380. Eleanor Roosevelt received 32%, Kenny 3%, Clare Booth Luce also 3%, and Helen Keller and Madame Chiang Kai-shek both 2%; George Gallup “Eleanor Roosevelt Is Voted The Most Admired Woman” [unnamed newspaper] January 25 1950, Misc. Collections, MHS-K.
165. Harris Shevelson [editor, Pageant Magazine] to Dear Sister Kenny, March 2 1950, General Correspondence-P, MHS-K; Mary Margaret McBride in [transcript] Radio Reports, Inc. “Sister Kenny Given Pageant Magazine Award,” General Correspondence-P, MHS-K.
166. See Alexander Maverick, 181–182; Eleanor Roosevelt “My Day: March 13 1950” http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1950&_f=md001538, accessed 6/20/2013.
167. “The Lord Helps Those …” Time (February 21 1949) 53: 96. The Kerr Glass Manufacturing Company was one of the top 3 manufacturers of canning jars in the 1940s.
168. Mrs. Alexander H. Kerr to Dear Sister Kenny, March 9 1950, Ruth Home, 1950, MHS-K; “Ruth Home Proposed as First Kenny Permanent Center for Polio in West” Los Angeles Times May 15 1950; Kenny “Ruth Home-Elizabeth Kenny Institute,” October 25 1950, Ruth Home 1950, MHS-K; Kenny “Report to the Board of the Directors of the Sister Elizabeth Kenny Foundation,” September 1 1950; [Cohn interview with] Ivar Anderson, May 19 1955, Cohn Papers, MHS-K; [Cohn another interview with] Harvey Billig, April 20 1955, Cohn Papers, MHS-K; “Kenny Hospital Drive Extended to June 17” Los Angeles Times June 4 1950.
169. “Hundreds See El Monte Polio Hospital Facility” Los Angeles Times May 21 1950; Kenny “Report to the Board of the Directors of the Sister Elizabeth Kenny Foundation,” September 1 1950; Kenny “Ruth Home-Elizabeth Kenny Institute,” October 25 1950; “Ruth Home Proposed as First Kenny Permanent Center for Polio in West.”
170. “Sister Kenny Attends Polio Hospital Opening” Los Angeles Times August 25 1950.
171. “Sister Kenny Given Cottage at El Monte” Los Angeles Times October 9 1950; Hedda Hopper “Looking at Hollywood: Kaye Sought for Lead in Life of Famed Clown” Chicago Daily Tribune October 9 1950.
172. [Cohn interview with] Robert Bingham, May 19 1955, Cohn Papers, MHS-K; on the “ladies” of El Monte who had “worked day and night painting, scrubbing, making curtains, and decorating the home, just as they thought Siste
r Kenny would like it,” see Hedda Hopper “Dickens’ Clown Story Aimed at Danny Kaye” Los Angeles Times October 9 1950.
173. Kenny to Dear Sir [James W. Johnson], July 31 1950, General Correspondence-J, MHS-K; “Miss Kenny’s Offer Declined by State” New York Times August 2 1950.
174. Kenny to Dear Doctor O’Hanlon, December 15 1950, Jersey City Medical Center, 1944–1950, MHS-K; Currier McEwen to Sister Elizabeth Kenny [telegram], May [1951], New York City, 1942–1951, MHS-K; Kenny to Dear Mr. Kline, October 19 1951, Marvin L. Kline, 1942–1959, MHS-K.
175. [Cohn interview with] Pete Gazzola, August 25 1953.
176. Willis Russell “Among the New Words” American Speech (December 1953) 28: 296; “Berle Cancer ‘Telethon’ May Produce $1,250,000” Hartford Courant April 11 1949. See also Frank Sturcken Live Television: The Golden Age of 1946–1958 in New York (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 1990), 46–61; “Cerebral Palsy Program of National Society for Crippled Summarized” American Journal of Public Health (October 1949) 39: 1353; “Palsy Association to Raise $1,034,000” New York Times October 16 1949; Richard Carter The Gentle Legions (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961), 208.
177. “Kenny Fund Appeal Televised” New York Times December 26 1949; Marie McNair “Flaming Birthday Cake Surprises the Hostess At Alf Heiberg’s Party” Washington Post September 25 1950. A 14-hour telecast “Celebrity Parade for Cerebral Palsy” with TV commentators from every network rotating as guest masters of ceremony was broadcast in December 1951, the same month as a similar program was broadcast from the Jersey City Armory to benefit the KF; both featured show business celebrities along with local and state politicians, physicians, and businessmen; Sidney Lohman “News and Notes of Television and Radio” New York Times December 2 1951.
178. [Cohn interview with] Mrs. Florence A. Rowe, August 26 1953, Cohn Papers, MHS-K. On the growing use of television by medical societies see “Television Broadcast” New York State Journal of Medicine (April 15 1950) 50: 1031; “Television Program in Color” New York State Journal of Medicine (April 1 1952) 52: 836.
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