China, 10, 56
Chipewyan, 33, 35, 37, 41, 46–47, 53–54
Chouinard, Elizabeth, 152
Christian (Inuk interpreter), 299
Christiania (Oslo), 362, 363, 381
Christian IV, 24
Churchill, 30, 32, 33, 34, 40, 41, 147, 186, 256. See also Prince of Wales Fort
Churchill River, 21, 25, 26, 51, 114
Cincinnati, 327, 334, 335
Clark, C. M. H., 352–53
climate change, 4, 63–64, 322, 370, 406, 407
Clipper Adventurer (Sea Adventurer), 3, 403
Clowey Lake, 47, 48
Collier, John, 19
Collinson, Richard, 225, 230, 231, 321, 368
colonialism, 406
Colonial Office, 167, 169, 173
Columbia River, 58
Comfort, Charles Fraser, 188, 264
Committee Bay, 189, 261
Company of Adventurers (Newman), 5
compasses, 15, 127–30
Congo, 64
Conneequese, 44
Cook, Frederick A., 363, 374, 378
Cook, James, 55, 56
Cook Inlet, 56, 57, 59
Copenhagen, 23, 30, 389
copper, 38, 43
Copper Indians, 33
Coppermine (Kugluktuk), 51, 88
Coppermine River (Far-Off Metal River), 37, 49
1819–21 Franklin expedition, 88–89, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 97, 98–101, 103
1825–26 Franklin expeditions, 111, 114, 117, 121, 145
Dease expedition, 145, 148, 150
Hearne expedition, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 55, 60, 88
Knight expedition, 37, 38, 40
Rae expeditions, 210, 211, 212–13, 215, 221, 227, 412
Cornwallis Island, 304
Coronation Gulf, 98, 101, 211, 215, 218, 221, 227
Cortés, Hernán, 406
coureurs de bois, 58
Craciun, Adriana, 1, 9, 322
Cracroft, Sophy, 298, 313, 334–35, 355, 356, 357
Cree, 6, 32–33, 35, 37
Cresswell, Samuel Gurney, 232, 286–87
Crimean War, 286, 288, 291
Crocker, George, 374, 377
Crocker Land, 374, 376–77
Crocker Land Expedition, 374, 376
Croker, John Wilson, 77
Croker Mountains, 77, 82, 83
Crozier, Francis, 172, 304, 306, 394, 398–99
Cuba, 294
Cumberland House, 92, 93, 113, 122, 208, 209
Cumberland Sound, 13, 86, 155, 158–59, 326, 383
Curley, Tagak, 2
Cyriax, R. J., 170, 292
Cyrus Field Bay, 327–28
Daily Telegraph, 314
Dalles des Morts, 58
Daly Bay, 344
Danish Literary Expedition, 381–84
Davis, John, 13–14, 63, 159
Davis, Richard C., 99–100, 111, 121
Davis Strait, 13, 69, 82–83, 327, 364
Dean, Miqqusaaq Bernadette, 410–11
Dease, Peter Warren, 114, 116, 139, 141, 152
1836–39 expedition, 139, 141–45, 144, 146–47, 148–49, 150–51, 154, 228
Dease Inlet, 143
Dease Strait, 150, 222, 223
Death Rapids, 58
Deehr, Charles, 365
de Gerlache, Adrien, 363
De Haven, Edwin, 197, 198, 199, 203
Delaware River, 15
De Magnete (Gilbert), 15, 129–30
Demarcation Point, 120
Dene, 6, 33, 37, 114–15, 142. See also Yellowknife-Dene
customs of, 46–47, 53–54
relations with Cree, 35, 37, 94
relations with Inuit, 33, 34, 47–48, 49–51, 97–98, 114–15
Denmark, 70, 381, 389
Derby, William, 91
Detroit, 56
Devil’s Thumb, 252
Devon Island, 203, 205, 383
Dickens, Charles, 177, 280–83, 281, 288, 393
Discovery, 38, 341
under Bylot, 21
under Hudson, 15–16, 17, 18, 20
Disko Bay, 176, 177, 299, 364
Disko Island, 69–70, 379
Disraeli, Benjamin, 314
Dogrib, 33, 59, 94, 114
dogsled, 216, 384–85
Dolphin, 116
Dolphin and Union Strait, 211, 215, 218, 219, 220
Dorothea, HMS, 66
Dorset people, 9
Douglas Bay, 395
Douglas Island, 218
Drake, Sir Francis, 13
Dr. Rae Meets Eskimos / Discovery of Franklin Expedition Relics (Comfort), 264
Duck Islands, 252–53
Dundas Harbour, 383
Durban Island, 155
Dutch East India Company, 15
dysentery, 27
Eagle (Alaska), 369
Eastern Cree, 32
Ebierbing, 326, 342, 344, 412
1864–69 Hall expedition, 326, 328, 330, 398
1871–72 Polaris expedition, 338, 340, 341
1878–80 Schwatka expedition, 342, 344, 345, 347, 351, 400
in New York City, 328
economy, 405–6
Edinburgh, 67, 69, 80, 81, 158, 182, 347
Eenoolooapik, 155–59, 156, 325, 326, 412
Ek-kee-pee-ree-a, 332
Elizabeth I, 12
Ellesmere Island, 75, 245, 341, 374, 375, 376
“English Chief,” 59
English River, 114
Enterprise, HMS, 192, 225, 230
equator, magnetic, 130
Erebus, HMS, 176, 197, 223, 304, 305, 387, 392, 394, 399
abandonment of, 306, 394
discovery of, 322, 330, 388, 390, 391
Inuit stories of, 302, 398, 400, 401
Lady Franklin on, 175–77
on memorials, 320
Erebus Bay, 304, 332, 397
Erik the Red’s Land, 389
“Eskimo Round,” 240–41
Etah (Greenland), 237
Inuit of, 240, 248, 251, 383
Kane expedition, 240, 242, 243, 244, 249, 251, 252
Minik in, 371–74
Polaris at, 341
exhibitions of Inuit, 326, 328
Faith, 246
famine, 39
Faraday, Michael, 111
Far-Off Metal River. See Coppermine River (Far-Off Metal River)
Fatal Passage (McGoogan), 405
Fata Morgana, 77, 376
Felix, 201, 203
Felix Harbour, 133, 135, 136–37, 137–38
Fifth Thule Expedition, 380, 384–88, 395, 398
First Communication with the Natives of Prince Regent’s Bay, 72
First Nations, 32–33
First Thule Expedition, 384
Fiskernaes (Greenland), 237
Fitzjames, James, 171, 172, 306, 394
Fitzpatrick Kathleen, 352
Flagstaff Observatory, 363
Flett, George, 189
Flinders, Matthew, 163
Fonte, Bartholomew de, 55–56
forensic studies, 307, 330, 340, 395–96
Fort Chimo, 122, 148
Fort Chipewyan, 55, 95, 96
Dease at, 142, 152
Franklin at, 92, 93, 114, 121
Mackenzie at, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60
Fort Churchill, 26, 110, 113, 122
Fort Confidence, 210, 221
Dease expedition at, 143, 145, 148, 151
Rae at, 210–11, 213, 214–15, 216, 227
Fort Enterprise, 95–96, 98, 100, 102, 104–5, 106–8, 110, 220
Fort Franklin, 114, 116, 117, 121
Fort Garry, 139, 142, 153, 184
Fort George, 209
Fort Hope, 187, 258, 329
Fort Norman, 114, 143
Fort Providence, 93, 94
Fort Reliance, 123, 153
Fort Resolution, 114, 122, 123, 143
Fort Ross, 300–301
Fort Simpson, 114, 143, 145, 152, 207, 208
/> Fort Wedderburn, 96
Fort William, 113
Fourth Thule Expedition, 384
Fox, 295, 296, 298, 299, 300, 313
Fox, Robert Were, 161
foxes, 230
Fox Islands, 300
Franklin, Eleanor, 113, 115, 164
Franklin, Jane, Lady, 163, 286
and 1845–47 Franklin expedition, 171, 173–74, 175–77
and Arctic exploration, 6, 353
death of, 343, 356–57
and discovery of Northwest Passage, 298–99, 319–22, 333, 355–56, 393
and fate of Franklin expedition, 279, 280, 288–90, 305, 308–9, 313, 314, 334–35, 336, 353
and Franklin’s reputation, 352–56
and Franklin’s reputation and memory, 299, 319–20, 322–24, 354–56, 357–58
influence on Franklin’s career, 166–67, 172–73
and John Ross, 65, 66
marriage, 162–64, 177, 357–58
and Rae, 6, 279–80, 284–85
recognitions and honours received, 314
and search for Franklin expedition, 195, 196, 213, 283–84, 291–95, 296–98, 398
travels of, 165, 168–69, 175, 177, 334–35, 352
Franklin, Sir John, 89, 91, 123, 323, 354
1819–22 expedition, 82, 88–89, 90–96, 97–105, 107–9, 112, 220, 353, 412
1825–26 expeditions, 110–16, 112, 116–22, 123, 143, 145
and 1836–37 Back expedition, 165–66
1845–47 expedition (See Franklin expedition of 1845–47)
as captain of Rainbow, 164–65
and Northwest Passage discovery, 4–5, 284–87, 298–99, 306, 314, 333, 408–10
death of, 304, 305, 393
grave of, 315
influence on historical writing, 1, 4–5, 6
knighthood, 163
marriage, 162–64, 177
memorials and sculptures, 299, 313–14, 319–20, 322–23, 354–56, 357, 408
portrait of, 246
reputation, 169–71, 172, 352–54, 367–68
search for Northwest Passage, 23, 122
in Van Diemen’s Land, 167–69, 174, 352
Franklin expedition of 1845–47, 4, 159, 278, 379, 412
cannibalism among, 278–83, 284, 305, 314, 315, 330–33, 335–36, 347, 393, 397
command of, 161–62, 171–75
encampments, 202
fate of, 277–83, 284, 288–90, 306–15, 343, 392–401
footprints from, 332, 333, 349, 350, 351, 400
gravesites, 5, 193, 194, 203–5, 288, 307, 336, 395
human remains, analysis of, 330, 395–96, 397
human remains, found in exploration, 330, 333, 345, 347, 388, 395, 397, 398, 401
human remains, Inuit stories of, 265, 272, 278, 302, 330–33, 349, 350, 388, 393, 395, 399, 400, 401
missed rescue of, 223, 225
rations, 191
recognitions and rewards in search for, 257, 288–90
relics of, 203, 263–65, 270, 273, 277, 279, 288, 301, 305, 345, 397
search for, 181, 190–93, 195–96, 201, 211, 213–14, 227, 230–31, 253, 287–90, 291–95, 297, 327
significance of, 406–7
wreckage and boats, 202, 226–27, 257, 272, 278, 304, 332, 350–51, 388 (See also Erebus, HMS; Terror, HMS)
written records from, 203, 304–5, 312, 315, 342, 343, 393, 394, 398
Franklin Strait, 268
French Canadians, 58, 59, 109, 111, 186, 208
Fretum Christian, 23–24
Freuchen, Peter, 374, 383, 384
Frobisher, Martin, 10, 10–13, 11, 63, 328
Frobisher Bay, 11, 12, 13, 23, 328
Frobisher Strait, 327
frostbite, 108, 237, 270, 376
Frozen Strait, 21
Fuca, Juan de, 56
Fullerton Harbour, 366
fur trade, 35, 41, 56, 58, 100, 207
Fury, HMS, 132, 133, 137
Fury and Hecla Strait, 149, 153, 190
Fury Beach, 133, 136, 137–38
Garry Island, 115
Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 131
Geiger, John, 40, 395
geomagnetism, 89–90, 127–32
George B. Cluett, 377
George Henry, 325, 327
George V, 356
German Marine Observatory, 363
Gibraltar, 165
Gibson, William “Paddy,” 395
gifts, exchange of, 24, 74
Gilbert, William, 15, 129–30
Gilder, William Henry, 344, 349–50, 351
Gjoa, 361, 364, 368
Gjoa Haven (Uqsuqtuuq), 315, 362, 385, 387, 390, 395
Amundsen in, 361, 364–65, 366
Glenelg, Charles Grant, 1st Baron, 166, 167
global warming. See climate change
Godhavn (Qeqertarsuaq), 299, 364
gold, 12, 35, 37, 38
Goliath, 142
Goodsir, Henry, 330
Gore, Graham, 355
Graham, Andrew, 51
Grand Portage, 57
Grant Point, 333, 349, 350, 400
gravesites, 3, 5, 193, 194, 203–5, 234, 288, 307, 336, 395
Great Bear Lake, 114, 116, 142, 143, 145, 149, 151
Great Bear River, 114, 143
Great Fish River (Back River), 146, 153, 165, 287, 288, 302, 394
1845–47 Franklin expedition, 304, 306–7, 310, 349, 394, 399
Great Slave Lake, 54, 57, 59, 60, 114, 121, 143, 209, 210, 213
Green, George Pycock, 140
Greene, Henry, 16, 17, 18, 20
Greenhithe, 175, 177
Greenland
crossing of, 362
ice cap, 70
mapping of, 384
Norwegian claim in, 389
Greenland by the Polar Sea (Rasmussen), 384
Greenland Inuit, 385
and 1818 John Ross expedition, 70–71, 73–75
and 1829–33 John Ross expedition, 133–34
and 1853–55 Kane expedition, 239–42, 248, 250–51
culture and history, 74–75, 382–83
ethnography and census of, 240–41, 249, 381–84
near Orkney Islands, 66–67
trade, 70, 73
Greenland service, 71
Greenland Trading Company, 339, 341
Greenstockings, 96
Grey, Charles, 296–97
Grieve, James, 183
Griffin, Jane, 65, 66, 162–64. See also Franklin, Jane, Lady
Griffin, John, 163
Griffin, Samuel P., 202
Grinnell, Henry, 294
and fate of Franklin, 308–9, 333–34
and Open Polar Sea, 195
and search for Franklin expedition, 189, 195–96, 197, 291, 295, 327, 353
and search for the North Pole, 335
Griper, 82, 84
Groton (Conn.), 342
Gulf of Boothia, 133–34, 182
Haddington, Thomas, Lord, 174–75
Hall, Afton, 377
Hall, Charles Francis, 326, 329, 339, 342
1860–62 expedition, 325–26, 327–28
1864–69 expedition, 307, 328–34, 335–36, 398, 399–400
1871–72 Polaris expedition, 335, 337, 338, 339–40
death of, 339–40
and Frobisher expedition, 12, 328
in histories of Northwest Passage, 5
and Inuit oral history, 328, 330, 331–32, 335–36, 395, 398, 399–400
Hall of Clestrain, 182, 183
Hamburg, 363
Hamilton, James, 194
Hannah. See Tookoolito (Hannah)
Hans Island, 243
Hare people, 94
Hargrave, James, 154, 186
Hargrave, Letitia, 152, 186
Harper, Kenn, 210, 371, 372, 374, 377
Harris, Ryan, 390
Hartnell, John, 203, 396
Haslar hospital, 181
Haswell, William, 229, 233
Hayes River,
91–92
Hearne, Samuel, 63
1769 and 1770 expeditions, 44
1770–72 expedition, 41–55, 50, 59, 86, 88, 90, 97, 98
at Bloody Falls, 49–51, 97, 98
in Hudson’s Bay Company, 26, 43–44, 52
and Knight expedition, 39–40
and indigenous peoples, 6, 43, 46–47, 48, 53–54, 345
sketches, 53, 54
Hecla, 82, 84
Henderson, Bruce, 378
Hendrik, Hans Christian (Suersaq), 238, 338–39
1853–55 Kane expedition, 237–39, 241, 243–44, 338, 339
1871–72 Polaris expedition, 337–38, 339, 341
1875 Nares expedition, 341
Henson, Matthew, 375, 376
Hepburn, John, 92, 104, 105, 106
Herschel Island, 369
Hibernia, 192
Historical Atlas of Manitoba, 26
Hobart, 323
Hobart (Tasmania), 131, 354
Hobson, William, 302–4, 315
Hoeootoerock (Junius), 96, 97, 104, 104, 110
Holsteinborg (Sisimiut), 327
Homeguard Cree, 32–33, 35, 37
Hong Kong, 231
Hood, Robert, 93, 95–96, 104, 105–6, 119
Hood, Samuel, 43
Hood River, 102, 103
Hope, 248, 371
Household Words (Dickens), 280, 281
House of Commons, 293, 313–14
inquiry into Northwest Passage awards, 284, 286–87, 289–90
Houston, C. Stuart, 96, 99
Hudson, Henry, 14–20, 19, 22, 23, 63, 411
Hudson, John, 15–16, 19, 20
Hudson Bay, 16, 21, 25, 48, 100, 149, 384
Hudson’s Bay Company and, 32, 56
and search for a Northwest Passage, 23, 38, 51, 60, 86, 149
Hudson River, 15
Hudson’s Bay Company, 300
and 1819–21 Franklin expedition, 93, 96
and 1825–26 Franklin expeditions, 122
interpreters, 96
and North West Company, 90–91, 100, 141
Royal Charter, 32, 44
and search for Franklin expedition, 283, 287
support of exploration, 38, 44, 140–41
trade, 35, 37–38, 41, 56, 207
whaling, 43
Hudson Strait, 12, 13–14, 16, 20, 21, 23–24, 30, 52, 165
human remains, 39, 345, 347, 393
as evidence of cannibalism, 278, 332, 397
forensic results from, 395, 397, 398
reported by Inuit, 39, 265, 278, 330, 332, 350, 387, 388, 395
Humboldt, Alexander von, 130–31, 160, 195, 363
Humboldt Glacier, 245, 340–41
Humooke, 73
Humpy, 114
Hunter, Douglas, 15
Huntford, Roland, 397
Hutton, Sir Richard, 295
icebergs, 25, 70, 200, 299, 379
icebreakers, 234, 322
Icy Cape, 56, 85, 111, 117, 120, 143
Iggiararjuk, 385–86
igloos, 187, 189, 215, 260
Ikmalick, 133, 134
Île-à-la-Crosse, 91, 92
Ilulissat, 70, 299, 379–80, 381
Ilulissat Icefjord, 70, 379
Dead Reckoning: The Untold Story of the Northwest Passage Page 34