by Henry Kamen
Cardona, duke of, 26
Cardoso, Isaac, 351, 365
Cardoso financiers, 361
Carmelite order, 145
Carranza, Bartolomé de, 106, 127–128, 138–139, 207–211, 221, 237, 243–245, 250, 263, 311, 340
Carrillo, Alonso, 43, 330
Cartagena, 191, 211
Cartagena, Alonso de, 37, 50, 77, 304
Carvajal, José de, 327, 389
Cascales, Francisco de, 314
Castañega, Martín de, 293
Castellio, Sebastian, 112, 392
Castillo, Alonso del, 170, 171, 175
Castillo de Bobadilla, 313
Castro, Alfonso de, 11, 294
Castro, Alonso Núñez de, 195
Castro, Américo, 146, 148, 149
Castro, León de, 140, 142
Castro, Pedro de, 209
Castro, Rodrigo de, 209
Catalans and Inquisition, 13, 51, 61, 89, 110, 123, 194, 213–215, 217, 261–262, 268, 278, 332, 335, 345, 347
Cathars, 51, 75, 267
Cazalla, Agustín, 102
Cazalla, Juan de, 105
Cazalla, Maria de, 95, 97, 103, 105, 106
Cazalla, Pedro, 209
Celestina, 94, 131, 146
celibacy, 287
Cellorigo, Martín González de, 172, 203, 323
censorship and Inquisition, 119–122, 125, 129, 131–133, 136–138, 149, 151–152, 155, 185, 381
censos, 198, 200, 202–204
Centelles, Gaspar de, 108
Cerdán, Ramón, 221
Cervantes, 126, 133, 147, 152, 173
Chambre Ardente, 204
Charles II, 185
Charles III, 327, 372
Charles IV, 370, 372
Charles V, 11, 39–40, 64, 74, 83–88, 93–94, 96, 98, 100–104, 111, 115, 155, 161, 163, 166, 184, 193, 198, 200, 206–207, 231, 263, 275, 308, 310, 314, 375, 377
policy to Protestants, 103
Chaves, Diego de, 128, 220
Chaves, Domingo de, 349
chivalry, books of, 131, 150, 158
Chuetas, 201, 229, 253, 327, 368
Cid, El, 2, 158
Ciruelo, Pedro de, 293
Cisneros, cardinal, 73, 82–85, 92–93, 95, 98, 129, 139, 158–159, 184, 231, 305, 329–330
Cisneros, García de, 330
Ciudad Real, 31, 42–43, 46, 49, 56, 65, 68, 70–73, 76, 79, 167, 187–188, 197, 238, 248, 253
Ciudad Rodrigo, 201, 357
Clement VII, 206, 289
Clement VIII, 206
Cobos, Francisco de los, 200
Coello, Francisco, 363
coexistence of faiths, 2, 4–5, 10–11, 14–15, 22, 41, 44, 101, 159, 163–164, 166, 170–171, 326
Coimbra, 120, 279, 356, 363
Colón, Fernando, 122, 155
Comes, Joan, 61
comisarios, 133, 167, 192–193, 196, 289, 315, 348
Comuneros, revolt of, 87, 134, 161, 310
confession, sacrament of, 337
confiscations by Inquisition, 54, 67, 69, 79, 83–84, 86, 120, 167–168, 182, 186, 196–202, 204–205, 249, 263, 289, 342–344, 358, 360, 365, 368
confraternity of Inquisition, 192, 264
conscience, liberty of, 10
Constable of Castile, 43, 87
Contarini, ambassador, 375
converso nation, idea of, 50, 73
conversos, 16, 19–20, 23–27, 31–32, 36–37, 39–43, 45–46, 48–49, 52–59, 61–68, 70, 72–73, 76–84, 87–89, 96, 98, 103, 108, 118, 134, 138, 143–148, 152, 195–199, 203, 205, 226, 228, 232, 234, 238, 254, 264, 267, 271, 274, 276, 302–314, 318–320, 322–324, 326, 332, 351–357, 361, 363, 364, 366–369, 376, 385–386, 389
attitude of Jews to, 22–23
forced conversion of, 16
heresy of, 43–44, 47, 49–51
hostility to, 41, 43, 47, 51, 69
professions of, 36, 38–39, 69
religion of, 44–49, 70–71
conversos in Aragon, 63
Córdoba, 1, 14–15, 23, 26, 36, 38, 43, 55–56, 73, 79–80, 82, 83, 96, 146, 148, 169, 171, 180, 187–188, 190, 201–202, 234–235, 243, 255, 272, 311, 320, 356, 367, 370
Córdoba, Luis Cabrera de, 311
Coronel family, 26, 87, 314
Corro, Antonio del, 102, 116, 376
Cortes of Cadiz, 149, 184, 270, 370, 372, 379–382
Cortizos de Villasante, Manuel, 327, 362–363
Costa, Uriel da, 366
Counter Reformation, 148, 337
Crete, 4, 6, 32
Cromwell, Oliver, 343–344, 359
Cruz, Isabel de la, 95
crypto-Christians, 6
crypto-Muslims, 6
Cuenca, 7–9, 20, 32, 37, 40, 48, 66–67, 106, 169–170, 188, 190, 197, 209, 293, 304, 313, 352, 356–357, 361–363, 365, 367
Cyprus, 6
Daimiel, 167
Dante, 130, 133, 177
Dávila, Pedrarias, 37
death penalty, 10, 77–78, 81, 107, 112, 123, 135, 246, 296, 379
deaths in Inquisition, 252
denunciation process, 48, 73, 80, 138, 140, 145–146, 193, 196, 209, 227–231, 245, 267–269, 284, 290, 335, 339, 343, 353
Descartes, 153, 154
Deza, Diego de, 80, 82, 139, 183, 188, 305
Diamante, Esteban Luis, 361
Diana de Montemayor, 131
Díaz, Alfonso, 303
Díaz, Fernán, 2, 40, 46, 303
Díaz, Froilán, 185
Díaz, Juan, 108, 317
Díaz del Castillo, Bernal, 150
discrimination, racial, 11, 16, 162, 304, 307–308, 312, 314–315, 320–322, 324–327, 351, 369–370, 389
dissimulation, 152, 353
Dominican order, 51–53, 56, 61–62, 101, 123, 125, 127–128, 131, 139–140, 143, 145, 183, 185, 207–209, 257, 265, 272, 293, 304–305, 307, 311, 316, 320–321, 331
Dostoyevsky, 279, 386, 392
Dryander. See Enzinas, Francisco de
Eboli, princess of, 219, 222
Eboli, Ruy Gómez, prince of, 219, 313, 319
edict of faith, 193, 226, 232–233, 269, 293, 353
edict of grace, 65, 67, 70, 73, 232, 296, 368
Egidio, Juan Gil, 102, 105, 106
Eguía, Miguel de, 93, 95, 98
Eimeric, Nicolau, 51, 132, 186, 192, 237, 261
Elizabeth I of England, 222, 285
Elizabeth Valois, 285
Eminente, Francisco Báez, 364
Encina, Juan del, 41, 126
Enríquez Gómez, Antonio, 365
Enzinas, Francisco de, 99, 115
Erasmus, 92–94, 98–100, 115, 121, 126, 133, 137, 140, 392
Eraso, Francisco de, 109
Escobar de Corro, Juan, 315
Escobedo, Juan de, 219, 220
Escorial, 136–137, 142, 179, 276, 285
Espina, Alonso de, 41, 51, 54
Espina, Alonso de, inquisitor, 61
Espinosa, cardinal, 168, 211
Essex, earl of, 222–223, 291
executions, 68, 253, 376. See also deaths in Inquisition
familiars, 64, 83, 86–87, 89, 136, 167, 192, 193, 203, 209, 212, 214, 218, 225, 256, 264, 268, 289–290, 312, 324, 375, 378
not active as informers, 195
numbers of, 193–195
social role of, 194
Farfan, Francisco 287
fear and the Inquisition, 23, 29, 66–67, 78, 95, 105, 143–145, 155, 210, 229–233, 249, 261–263, 265, 268–271, 273, 279, 285, 335, 344, 352, 359, 361, 372, 378
Febvre, Lucien 11
Ferdinand II, king, 11, 13, 17–21, 23–25, 27, 29–31, 33, 39, 40, 51–54, 57–58, 60–62, 70, 73, 76–77, 83, 88, 118, 158–160, 165, 182, 184, 188, 196, 198–199, 202, 205, 206, 212–213, 217, 234, 250, 275, 289, 307, 375, 384
claims control over Inquisition, 57–58, 182
not hostile to conversos, 64, 69
support for Inquisition, 76
Ferdinand VII, 370, 372<
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fermosa fembra, 55
Ferrer, Vincent, 19, 64, 368
Fez, 6, 29–30
Fita, Fidel 387
Fonseca, Alonso de, 93, 98
foreigners and Inquisition, 3, 89, 94, 107, 109–111, 113, 214, 216, 270–271, 341–343, 344, 356, 359, 369–371, 379
fornication, 230, 268, 286–287, 334
Foxe, John, 377, 378
Franciscan order, 41, 51, 95, 97, 131, 166, 207, 259, 283, 307, 311, 331, 337, 339
Franklin, Benjamin, 380
French Revolution, 224, 372, 380
frontiers, not closed, 55, 93, 120, 123–124, 190, 216
Fuente, Alonso de la, 145
fueros, 59–60, 62–63, 83, 213, 218, 220
Furió Ceriol, Fadrique 109
Galicia, 75, 107, 190, 193, 195, 203, 207, 248, 253, 256, 267, 288, 294, 328, 329, 338, 341, 346, 348, 349
Galileo, 153, 381
Galíndez de Carvajal, 40
galleys, 109, 169, 172, 199, 230, 249–251, 288, 290
Gassendi, 154, 365, 367
Gattinara, Mercurino, 85–86
Gayangos, Pascual de 162
gender issues and Inquisition, 227, 281–282, 284, 291
Geneva, 103, 111–115
Germanías, 87, 161
Gibraltar, 370
Gil, Pere, 102, 126, 292, 299
Girona, 20, 188, 228, 269, 317
Goa, 30, 191, 266
Gómez de Castro, Alvar, 131
Góngora, Luis de, 152
González de Oviedo, Fernando, 150
González Montano, 376–377, 381
Gospel of Barnabas, 176
Goya, Francisco de, 383
Grajal, Gaspar de 140, 142–143
grammarians, 139
Granada, Luis de, 10, 97
Granvelle, cardinal, 376
Green Book of Aragon, 325
Gregory XIII, 210, 211
Grotius, Hugo, 152
Guadalajara, 18, 24, 37, 95, 98
Guadalupe, 26, 197, 306
Gualbes, Juan Cristóbal de, 62
Guardiola, Joan, 121
Gudiel, Alonso de, 142–143
Guerrero, archbishop, 101
Guevara, Antonio de, 152, 161, 321
Guevara, Hernando de, 294
Guevara, Niño de, 323
Gui, Bernard, 226, 237, 266
Guicciardini, Francesco, 94, 375
Halevi, Salomon, 37
Halorqui, Joshua, 19, 41
Heidelberg, 376
Henry II of Castile, 16
Henry II of France, 107
Henry III of France, 37, 376
Henry IV of Castile, 16, 37, 41–42, 51
Henry IV of France, 171
heresy, executions in Europe for, 107
Hernández, Francisca, 95–98
Hernández, Julian, 103, 115, 134
Herrera, Antonio de, 150, 155
Hobbes, Thomas, 153, 154
Hoefnagel, 154
Hojeda, Alonso de, 52–53, 56
homosexuality, 222, 287, 289, 290
honor and blood, 32, 37, 67, 88, 94, 142, 192, 208, 215, 231, 246, 262, 275, 281, 301–302, 306, 315–318, 326, 352, 354, 361, 369, 389
Hornachos, 166, 173, 178, 245
Hubmaier, Balthasar, 392
Huelva, 332
Hugh of Lincoln, 26
Hussites, 283
illuminists. See alumbrados
Index of Prohibited Books, 81, 97–98, 114, 119–120, 124–133, 136–138, 140, 149, 152–153, 211, 293, 340
impact of, 149–151
Infantado, duke of, 37, 95, 309
informers and Inquisition, 90, 192, 226–229
Innocent VIII, 61, 78, 205, 293
Inquisition, French, 111
Inquisition, papal, 2
Inquisition, Spanish, 221, 263, 274, 285
and art, 339
and gender, 281–283
and isolation of Spain, 155
and the theater, 340
as a product of crisis, 77
as ecclesiastical tribunal, 212
as secular tribunal, 211
as temporary and itinerant, 188
barriers to its success, 334
continuous resistance to, 205
financing of, 196, 199–204
iconography of, 266
inactivity of, 91
in folk memory, 388
indebtedness of, 201–202
Jewish historiography on, 384
legends about. See Chapter 15 passim
liberal myth on, 383
little contact with people of Spain, 75, 345, 348
manipulated by public, 228
marginal impact of, 225
motives for foundation, 69
not a bulwark of royal power, 215, 217–218
not a weapon of social control, 345
not equipped to be a tyranny, 204
personnel of, 192
political role of, 225
popular support for, 74, 88–90
prosecution procedure, 242
reasons for hostility to, 347–348
seen as having absolute power, 181
sources of information, 227–228
structure and rules of, 187–188
trial procedure, 244
uses Castilian language, 3, 34, 41, 76, 89, 110, 113, 123, 125, 128, 139, 140, 149, 152, 155, 162–163, 177, 179, 213–214, 232, 294, 334, 336, 365
welcomed as a social arbiter, 346
Inquisitor General, 24, 38, 57, 59, 80, 82, 84–87, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101–102, 104, 106–107, 119, 124, 130, 132–134, 136, 138–141, 163, 172, 182–186, 188, 194, 199–200, 202, 206, 208–209, 218–220, 224, 237, 263–264, 274, 275, 294, 297, 318, 321–323, 325, 352, 356
inquisitors, qualifications of, 191
salaries of, 200, 202
interrogation, techniques of, 237–238, 266
Iranzo, Miguel Lucas de, 43
Irving, Washington, 180, 384, 386
Isabella, queen, 4, 10–11, 13, 17, 20–21, 24, 31–32, 38, 51–52, 54, 55, 57, 70, 76, 80, 83, 118, 158–160, 182–183, 196, 198–199, 213, 275, 287, 289, 307, 331, 384, 392–393
Isabella II, 370, 372
Isidoro, St., monastery of, 102, 106, 114, 116, 188
Islam and Spain’s culture, 178
Italy, 34
Jaén, 43, 56, 68, 82, 160, 163, 187–188, 201, 311
Jaime I, 16
Janer, Florencio, 174
Jeronimite order, 20, 51, 80–81, 102, 142, 188, 304, 306–307, 311, 330
Jerusalem, 1, 27, 35
Jesuits, 126–127, 131, 138, 139, 146, 166, 183, 299, 318–320, 331–332, 334, 340, 365
Jews
attitude to conversos, 23
consequences of expulsions, 31, 34
conversions of, 72
criticism of expulsions, 33
denounce conversos, 73, 79
expulsions of, 23–25, 27–32, 69
in finance, 17
professions of, 14, 16–19
return of, 35
Jews and Gibraltar, 370
João III, 355
John of the Cross, 146
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 157
Jovellanos, 389
Juan, Jorge, 156
Juan II of Aragon, 19, 63, 303
Juan II of Castile, 37, 42, 96
Juan of Austria, Don 219
Juana, regent, 103, 105, 120
Juana (the Mad), queen, 83
judaizing, evidence for, 71
Juderías, Julián, 379
Juglar, Gaspar, 59
jurisdiction, conflicts of, 21–22, 25, 38, 42, 59, 64, 78, 82, 83, 87–88, 163, 181–182, 185, 193–196, 204–207, 210, 212–216, 218, 221, 253, 267, 289–290, 292, 294–295, 298–299, 302, 334, 341, 347
Justiciar of Aragon, 220, 221
Kepler, Johann, 133
Koran, 96, 137, 175–176, 227
La Guardia, ritual murder at, 26, 76
Lag
una, Andrés, 39
Laínez, Diego, 126, 319
Lancre, Pierre de, 296
Languedoc, 51, 186–187, 196, 226, 238, 267
Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 147
las Casas, Diego de, 85
Lateran Council, 15
Lazarillo de Tormes, 126
Lea, Henry Charles, 58–59, 84, 148, 187, 203, 230, 237, 239, 269, 278, 386–387, 393
León, Luis de, 2, 13, 121, 124, 140, 142–143, 144, 236, 311, 322
León, Pedro de, 332
Lepanto, 171, 276
Lerma, duke of, 99, 172, 174, 183, 215, 321, 323, 324–325
Lerma, Pedro de, 92, 99
lesbians, 289
Lhermite, Jean, 271
Libro verde, 40, 325
Lima, 191, 223
Limborch, Philipp van, 266, 278
limpieza (purity of blood), 40, 215, 302, 305, 307–315, 318–327, 348, 351–352, 355, 359, 363, 365, 370, 389
Lisbon, 171, 235, 275, 279, 355, 356
literature and Inquisition, 151
Livorno, 30
Lleida, 188, 190, 198, 303
Llerena, 39, 52, 82, 146, 188, 190, 195, 200–203, 232, 235, 240, 245, 253, 267, 340
Llorente, Juan Antonio, 74, 382, 383, 385–386
Llull, Ramon, 2
Loaysa, cardinal, 101
Loazes, Fernando de, 106
Locke, John, 223
Logroño, 39, 109, 124, 190, 235, 244, 255, 259, 277–279, 293, 296, 298, 316, 326, 335, 382
Lollards, 283
London, 108, 114, 154, 209, 222, 256, 344, 349, 378, 380–382
Lope de Vega, 152, 340
López Bravo, Mateo, 323
López de Celaín, Juan, 97
López de Gómara, 150
Louvain, 101, 124–125, 150
Loyola, Ignatius, 127, 138–139, 318–320, 341
Lucena, Juan de, 78
Lucero, Diego Rodriguez, 79, 80–82, 186
Lucrecia de León, 285
Luna, Alonso de, 175, 177–178
Luna, Alvaro de, 42, 303
Luna, Miguel de, 170–171, 175
Luther, Martin, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 106, 111, 115, 122, 127, 134, 136, 209, 227, 229, 392
Lutherans. See Protestants
Macanaz, Melchor de, 206
Machiavelli, 130, 137
Madrigal, Cortes of, 21
magic, prosecution of, 7, 118, 125, 291, 293–294
Mal Lara, Juan de, 144
Málaga, 24, 30, 81, 158, 201, 366
Malleus Maleficarum, 293
Mallorca, 16, 20, 44, 58, 64–66, 91, 188, 190, 198, 201, 204, 229, 232, 327, 367–369
Maluenda, Pedro de, 101
Manoel, king of Portugal, 29
Manrique, Alonso, 88, 93–96, 102, 163, 294
Manrique, Rodrigo, 99
Marchena, Diego de 307
Mariana, Juan de, 10, 27, 75–77, 79, 130–133, 144, 228, 320
Marín, Sancho, 64
Marineo Siculo, Lucio, 92
Márquez Cardoso family, 352