The Storm Before the Storm

by Michael Duncan

  5. App. BC i.28; Oros. v.17.

  6. App. BC i.28; Cic. Sest. 101; Val. Max. ix.7.2; Dio xxxviii.95; Oros. v.17.

  7. Diod. xxxvi.15.

  8. Quote: Diod. xxxvi.15. See also: Plut. Mar. 24.

  9. Plut. Mar. 24; Oros. v.16.

  10. Quote: Plut. Mar. 24. See also: Flor. i.38.3.

  11. Plut. Mar. 25–27; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Flor. i.38.3; Oros. v.16.

  12. See Sampson, The Crisis of Rome, ch. 10.

  13. Plut. Mar. 25–27; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Front. ii.2.8; Flor. i.38.3; Oros. v.16; Eutr. v.2; Strabo iv.3.3; Pliny viii.61; Livy Per. 68.

  14. Quote: Livy Per. 68. See also: Plut. Mar. 27.

  15. Diod. xxxvi.10; Livy Per. 69.

  16. Quotes: Diod. xxxvi.11.

  17. Diod. xxxvi.10; Livy Per. 69.

  18. Diod. xxxvi.10; Livy Per. 69.

  19. Plut. Mar. 27; Cic. Pro. Cons. 26; Diod. xxxviii.4; Val. Max. iii.6.6, ix.12.4; Livy Per. 69.

  20. Plut. Mar. 28; Livy Per. 69.

  21. Quote: Plut. Mar. 28. See also: Oros. v.17.

  22. App. BC i.28; Val. Max. ix.7.3; Flor. ii.4.16; Oros. v.17; Livy Per. 69.

  23. Cic. Verr. ii.1.26, Rab. Post. 9, Brut. 224; Ascon. 21.

  24. “Cic.” Rhet. Her. i.21, ii.17.

  25. Cic. Balb. 48; Vell. Pat. i.15; Strabo iv.6.7; Livy Per. 69.

  26. Quote: Plut. Mar. 28. See also: Cic. Balb. 46–48; Val. Max. v.2.8.

  27. App. BC i.30.

  28. Quote: Plut. Mar. 29. See also: App. BC i.29–31; Flor. ii.4.16; Oros. v.17; Livy Per. 69.

  29. App. BC i.32.

  30. App. BC i.32.

  31. Cic. Brut. 224, Har. Resp. 51.

  32. Quote: Oros. v.17. See also: App. BC i.32; Cic. Cat. iv.4; Flor. ii.4.16; Livy Per. 69.

  33. App. BC i.32; Plut. Mar. 30; Cic. Rab. Perd. 18–31, Cat. i.4; Val. Max. iii.2.18.

  34. App. BC i.32; Plut. Mar. 30.

  35. App. BC i.32; Plut. Mar. 30; Cic. Rab. Perd. 18–31, Phil. viii.15; Cat. iii.15; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Val. Max. iii.2.18; Flor. ii.4.16; Oros. v.17; Livy Per. 69.

  36. App. BC i.33; Plut. Mar. 30; Cic. Planc. 69, Red. Sen. 38, Rab. Perd. 24; Diod. xxxvi.16; Vell. Pat. ii.15; Dio xxviii.95; Oros. v.17; Livy Per. 69.

  37. Quotes: Vell. Pat. ii.11, Plut. Mar. 2. See also: Plut. Mar. 31–32.

  CHAPTER 9: ITALIA

  1. Flor. ii.6.18.

  2. App. BC i.46; Diod. xxxvii.1.

  3. Plut. Cato Min. 2.

  4. Quote: Diod. xxxvii.10.

  5. Livy ix.9–12, xiii.10, xxxix.3, xli.8.

  6. Quotes: Gell. x.2.5, 2.9.

  7. App. BC i.21.

  8. See Dart, The Social War, ch. 3.

  9. Diod. xxxvi.3; Plut. Mar. 28; Cic. Balb. 46–48; Val. Max. v.2.8.

  10. See Dart, The Social War, ch. 3.

  11. Cic. Balb. 48–49, 54, Orat. ii.257, Brut. 63, Off. iii.47; Sall. Hist. i.17–18; Ascon. 67–68.

  12. Ascon. 67–68.

  13. Quote: Cic. Leg. Man. 14.

  14. Diod. xxxvii.5; Cic. Planc. 33, Att. vi.1.15; Dio xxviii.97; Val. Max. viii.15.6; Ascon. 15; Livy Per. 70.

  15. Quote: Diod. xxxvii.5. See also: Dio xxviii.97; Livy Per. 70.

  16. Cic. Orat. i.229–23; Brut. 115; Pis. 95, Font. 38; Vell. Pat. ii.13; Dio xxviii.97; Flor. ii.17; Val. Max. ii.10.5, vi.4.4; Livy Per. 70.

  17. Vell. Pat. ii.13; Livy Per. 70.

  18. Quote: Vell. Pat. ii.14. See also: Cic. Dom. 120; Diod. xxxvii.10; Dio xxviii.96.

  19. App. BC i.35; Cic. Orat. i.24–25, Brut. 181, Rab. Post. 16; Diod. xxxvii.10; Vell. Pat. ii.13; Flor. ii.5.17; Livy Per. 70.

  20. App. BC i.35; Flor. ii.5.17; Vell. Pat. ii.13; Ascon. 21; Livy Per. 71.

  21. App. BC i.35; Flor. ii.5.17; Vell. Pat. ii.13; Livy Per. 71.

  22. Quote: Flor. ii.5.17. See also: App. BC i.35; Vell. Pat. ii.13; Livy Per. 71.

  23. Quote: Flor. ii.5.17. See also: Cic. Orat. i.24; Val. Max. ix.5.2.

  24. App. BC i.38; Flor. ii.5.17; Oros. v.18; Livy Per. 71.

  25. App. BC i.36; Vell. Pat. ii.14; Flor. ii.5.17, 6.18; Oros. v.18; Livy Per. 71.

  26. Quote Cic. Orat. i.213.

  27. Cic. Orat. i.24–27.

  28. Quote Cic. Orat. iii.8. See also: Cic. Quint. xi.1.37.

  29. Quote: Diod. xxxvii.10. See also: Cic. Dom. 41, 50, Leg. ii.14, 31; Ascon. 68–69.

  30. Quotes: Diod. xxxvii.13. See also: Oros. v.18; Livy Per. 71.

  31. Quote: Vell. Pat. ii.14. See also: App. BC i.36; Cic. Nat. Deo. iii.80–81, Milo. 16; Rhet. Her. iv.31; Flor. ii.5.17; Oros. v.18; Livy Per. 71.

  32. App. BC i.38; Vell. Pat. ii.15; Oros. v.18.

  33. App. BC i.38; Cic. Font. 41; Diod. xxxvii.12; Vell. Pat. ii.15; Flor. ii.5.17; Oros. v.18; Livy Per. 72.

  34. App. BC i.39; Diod. xxxvii.1–2; Flor. ii.5.17; Oros. v.18; Eutr. v.3; Livy Per. 72.

  35. App. BC i.38, 40; Diod. xxxvii.1–2; Vell. Pat. ii.16; Flor. ii.5.17; Stabo v.241; Oros. v.18; Eutr. v.3; Livy Per. 72.

  36. “Cic.” Rhet. Her. ii.28, iv.9; Plut. Cato. Min. 1–2; Diod. xxxii.19; Livy Per. 72.

  37. App. BC i.40; Cic. Font. 43.

  38. App. BC i.37.

  39. App. BC i.37; Val. Max. viii.6.4; Ascon. 22.

  40. Cic. Orat. iii.11, Brut. 304–305, Sest. 101, Scaur. 3; App. BC i.37; Ascon. 22, 73.

  41. Quote: Vell. Pat. ii.11. See also: App. BC i.37.

  42. App. BC i.40; Plut. Sulla 6, Sert. 3.

  43. Plut. Sulla 5; Val. Max. vii.5.

  44. Plut. Sulla 5; App. BC i.77, Mith. 10; Front. i.5.18; Strabo xii.2.11; Livy Per. 70.

  45. Plut. Sulla 5; Vell. Pat. ii.24; Fest. 15; Livy Per. 70.

  46. Plut. Mar. 32, Sulla 6, Mor. 806.c-d.

  47. Quote: Diod. xxxvii.18. See also: App. BC i.41–42, 45; Flor. ii.6.18; Oros. v.18; Livy Per. 73.

  48. App. BC i.43; Vell. Pat. ii.16; Dio xxix.98; Flor. ii.6.18; Oros. v.18; Eutr. v.3; Livy Per. 73.

  49. App. BC i.44; Livy Per. 73.

  50. App. BC i.44, 46; Diod. xxxvii.15; Flor. ii.6.18; Oros. v.18; Eutr. v.3l; Livy Per. 73.

  51. Quotes: Plut. Mar. 33.

  52. App. BC i.47–48; Flor. ii.6.18; Oros. v.18; Livy Per. 73.

  53. Quote: Diod. xxxvii.2.3.

  54. App. BC i.49; Cic. Balb. 21; Vell. Pat. ii.16; Gell. iv.4.

  55. Pliny NH iii.24; Ascon. 3.

  56. Quote: Cic. Arch. 7. See also: “Cic.” Rhet. Her. iii.2; Vell. Pat. ii.17.

  57. App. BC i.50; Vell. Pat. ii.16; Flor. ii.6.18; Eutr. v.3; Livy Per. 73, 75.

  58. App. BC i.48, 50, 52; Vell. Pat. ii.21; Oros. v.18; Livy Per. 75.

  59. Quote: Oros. v.18. See also: App. BC i.48, 50; Diod. xxxvii.2; Flor. ii.6.18; Livy Per. 73, 76.

  60. Diod. xxxvii.2.

  61. App. BC i.50–51; Plut. Sulla 6; Diod. xxxvii.2; Vell. Pat. ii.16; Flor. ii.6.18; Oros. v.18; Eutr. v.3; Livy Per. 74.

  62. Diod. xxxvii.1; Pliny NH ii.85; Flor. ii.6.18.

  63. Quote: Oros. v.18. See also: Diod. xxxvii.24; Vell. Pat. ii.15; Flor. ii.6.18.

  64. Oros. v.18.

  65. Quote: App. BC i.54. See also: Livy Per. 73.

  66. Cic. Arch. 11.

  67. Obseq. 56.

  68. App. BC i.53; Diod. xxxvii.2; Oros. v.8; Eutr. v.3.4; Livy Per. 76.

  CHAPTER 10: THE RUINS OF CARTHAGE

  1. App. BC i.57.

  2. Plut. Dem. 4; Diod. xx.111; Strabo xii.3.11; Flor. i.40.5.

  3. App. Mith. 112; Sall. Hist. ii.87–88, v.5; Just. xxxvii.1–2, xxxviii.1; Strabo x.4.10; Dio xxxvi.9.5; Eutr. vi.12.3; Oros. vi.5.

  4. App. Mith. 112; Just. xxxvii.3; Strabo ii.1.1.6, vii.3.17–18, 4.3–4, 4.7, xi.2.18.

  5. App. Mith. 62, 112, 118; Just. xxxviii.1; Diod. xxxvi.15; Flor. i.40.5; Fest. xi.3; Eutr. xi.12.3; Oros. vi.1.

  6. Quote: Plut. Mar. 31–32.

  7. Plut. Sulla 5; App. BC i.77, Mith. 10, 13, 57; Just. xxxviii.3; Flor. i.40.5; Front. i.5.18; Strabo xii.2.11; Livy Per. 70, 76.

  8. App. Mith. 11, 56; Just. xxxviii.3; Livy Per. 74.

  9.
App. Mith. 11–12, 14, 57; Sall. Hist. vi.67; Dio xxx.99.

  10. App. Mith. 11, 56; Sall. Hist. vi.67; Dio xxx.99.

  11. App. Mith. 10, 15, 57, BC i.5; Flor. i.40.5; Dio xxx.99; Fest. xi.3; Eutr. v.4.

  12. App. Mith. 17; Just. xxxviii.3; Livy Per. 77.

  13. App. Mith. 17–19; Sall. Hist. iv.67; Diod. xxxvii.26; Just. xxxviii.3, 5; Flor. i.40.5; Strabo xii.3.40; Eutr. v.4; Oros. vi.2; Livy Per. 77.

  14. App. Mith. 20; Diod. xxxvii.26–27; Plut. Luc. 4; Just. xxxviii.3; Vell. Pat. ii.18; Flor. i.40.5; Eutr. v.5; Oros. v.19, vi.1; Livy Per. 77.

  15. Plut. Mar. 33, Sulla 6, Luc. 2; App. BC iv.25; Vell. Pat. ii.15–16; Diod. xxxvii.2.1.

  16. Quote: Plut. Mar. 34. See also: App. BC i.55; Diod. xxxvii.29; Eutr. v.5.

  17. Quote: Diod. xxxvii.2.12. See also: App. BC i.53; Cic. Har. Resp. 43, Brut. 226; Diod. xxxvii.25; Vell. Pat. ii.17; Ascon. 25; Livy Per. 75.

  18. Quote: Vell. Pat. ii.18. See also: Cic. Orat. i.24–27, Har. Resp. 43, Brut. 226; App. BC i.55; Plut. Sulla 6; Diod. xxxvii.25.

  19. Quote: Plut. Sulla 6.

  20. App. BC i.55; Plut. Mar. 34; Vell. Pat. ii.18; Livy Per. 77.

  21. Quotes: Plut. Sulla 8, Cic. Har. Resp. 41. See also: Plut. Mar. 35; Livy Per. 76.

  22. Quote: Plut. Sulla 8. See also: Plut. Mar. 35.

  23. App. BC i.53, 55; Plut. Sulla 8; “Cic.” Rhet. Her. ii.45; Ascon. 64; Livy Per. 77.

  24. Quote: App. BC i.53. See also: Plut. Sulla 8; Ascon. 64; Livy Per. 77.

  25. App. BC i.55–56; Plut. Mar. 35, Sulla 8; Cic. Amic. 1–3; Vell. Pat. ii.18; Livy Per. 77.

  26. App. BC i.56; Plut. Mar. 35, Sulla 8.

  27. App. BC i.56; Plut. Mar. 35, Sulla 8; Vell. Pat. ii.18; Flor. ii.9.21; Eutr. v.4; Livy Per. 77.

  28. Plut. Sulla 7; Diod. xxxvii.2; Vell. Pat. ii.18; Eutr. v.4; Oros. v.19.

  29. Plut. Sulla 8–9; App. BC i.57; Oros. v.19.

  30. App. BC i.57.

  31. Plut. Mar. 35, Sulla 8; Val. Max. vi.7e.1; Oros. v.19.

  32. App. BC i.57; Plut. Sulla 9; Eutr. v.4.

  33. Quote: Plut. Sulla 6. See also: App. BC i.57; Plut. Sulla 9.

  34. App. BC i.57; Plut. Sulla 9, Mar. 35.

  35. Quote: App. BC i.57. See also: Plut. Sulla 9.

  36. App. BC i.57; Plut. Sulla 9.

  37. App. BC i.58; Plut. Sulla 9.

  38. Quote: App. BC i.58. See also: Plut. Mar. 35, Sulla 9; Flor. ii.9.21; Oros. v.19; Eutr. v.4; Livy Per. 77.

  39. App. BC i.58; Plut. Mar. 35, Sulla 9; Flor. ii.9.21; Vell. Pat. ii.19; Val. Max. viii.6.2; Oros. v.19; Livy Per. 77.

  40. App. BC i.59.

  41. App. BC i.59; Oros. v.19.

  42. App. BC i.60; Plut. Sulla 10; Cic. Cat. iii.24, Brut. 168; Flor. ii.9.21; Vell. Pat. ii.19.

  43. App. BC i.59, 73; Cic. Phil. viii.2.7; Livy Per. 77.

  44. App. BC i.59–60; Plut. Sulla 10; Vell. Pat. ii.19; Livy Per. 77.

  45. Quote: Oros. v.19. See also: App. BC i.60; Plut. Sulla 10; “Cic.” Rhet. Her. i.25, iv.31, Orat. iii.11, Brut. 307, Cat. iii.24; Vell. Pat. ii.19; Eutr. v.4; Livy Per. 77.

  46. Plut. Mar. 35; Eutr. v.4.

  47. Plut. Mar. 35–36.

  48. Quote: Plut. Mar. 36. See also: App. BC i.61, 75.

  49. Plut. Mar. 37.

  50. Plut. Mar. 37.

  51. Quote: Vell. Pat. ii.19. See also: Plut. Mar. 38; Cic. Red. Pop. 20, Sest. 50, Pis. 43, Fin. ii.105; Sall. Hist. i.21; Oros. v.19; Livy Per. 77.

  52. Quote: App. BC i.61. See also: Plut. Mar. 38–39; Vell. Pat. ii.19; Val. Max. ii.10.6; Gran. xxxv.15; Oros. v.19; Livy Per. 77.

  53. Quote: Plut. Mar. 39. See also: App. BC i.62; Cic. Sest. 50, Planc. 26; Sall. Hist. i.22; Vell. Pat. ii.19; Val. Max. i.5.5; Gran. xxxv.16; Livy Per. 77.

  54. App. BC i.62; Plut. Mar. 40.

  55. Quotes: Plut. Mar. 40, See also: App. BC i.62; Cic. Red. Pop. 20, Pis. 43; Diod. xxxvii.29; Vell. Pat. ii.19; Val. Max. vi.9.6; Oros. v.19; Livy Per. 77.

  56. App. Mith. 22–23; Vell. Pat. ii.18; Plut. Pomp. 37; Dio xxx/xxxv.101; Flor. i.40.5; Oros. vi.2; Eutr. v.5; Livy Per. 78.

  57. App. Mith. 22–23, 58, 62; Cic. Leg. Man. 7; Vell. Pat. ii.18; Val. Max. ix.2e.3; Dio xxx/xxxv.101, 109; Tac. Ann. iv.14; Eutr. v.5; Oros. vi.2; Livy Per. 78.

  CHAPTER 11: THE SPIKED BOOTS

  1. Sall. Cat. 11.

  2. App. BC i.63; Plut. Sulla 10.

  3. Plut. Sulla 10. See also: FC.

  4. See Lovano, The Age of Cinna, which is an indispensible guide to his life and times.

  5. App. BC i.60.

  6. Plut. Sulla 10; Cic. Planc. 51; Dio xxx/xxxv.102; Eutr. v.4.

  7. Plut. Sulla 10.

  8. App. BC i.63; Vell. Pat. ii.20; Val. Max. ix.7e.2; Livy Per. 77.

  9. App. BC i.64.

  10. Plut. Sulla 10; Dio xxx/xxxv.102; Eutr. v.4.

  11. App. BC i.64; Plut. Mar. 41; Vell. Pat. ii.20.

  12. App. BC i.65; Plut. Mar. 41, Sert. 4; Cic. Cat. iii.24, Phil. viii.7; Vell. Pat. ii.20; Flor. ii.9.21; Gran. xxxv.15; Livy Per. 79.

  13. App. BC i.65–66; Plut. Mar. 41; Vell. Pat. ii.20; Livy Per. 79.

  14. App. BC i.65; Plut. Sert. 4; Vell. Pat. ii.20.

  15. Quote: App. BC i.65. See also: Vell. Pat. ii.20; Livy Per. 79.

  16. App. BC i.66; Vell. Pat. ii.21; Gran. xxxv.19, 21.

  17. Quote: Dio xxx/xxxv.102. See also: App. BC i.68; Vell. Pat. ii.21; Gran. xxxv.20–21; Dio xxx/xxxv.102; Livy Per. 80.

  18. Plut. Sulla 11; Flor. xl.5.

  19. App. Mith. 27–28; Plut. Sulla 11; Paus. i.20.5; Flor. i.40.5; Eutr. v.6; Livy Per. 79.

  20. App. Mith. 29; Plut. Sulla 11.

  21. App. Mith. 30–32; Plut. Sulla 11–12, Luc. 2; Paus. ix.7.4; Flor. i.40.5; Eutr. v.6; Livy Per. 81.

  22. App. BC i.67; Plut. Mar. 41, Sert. 5; Oros. v.19.

  23. Quote: Flor. ii.9.21. See also: App. BC i.67; Plut. Mar. 41, Sert. 5; Gran. xxxv.17; Oros. v.19; Livy Per. 79.

  24. App. BC i.67; Plut. Sert. 5; Flor. ii.9.21; Val. Max. iv.7.4; Gran. xxxv.17; Oros. v.19; Livy Per. 79.

  25. App. BC i.67; Gran. xxxv.18; Oros. v.19; Livy Per. 79.

  26. App. BC i.67; Plut. Mar. 42–43, Pomp. 1, 3, Mor. 553.b; Vell. Pat. ii.21; Gran. xxxv.18–23; Oros. v.19; Livy Per. 80.

  27. Quote: Diod. xxxviii.1. See also: App. BC i.69–70; Plut. Mar. 43; Diod. xxxviii.2–4; Gran. xxxv.23.

  28. App. BC i.70; Plut. Mar. 42; Vell. Pat. ii.21; Dio xxx/xxxv.102; Livy Per. 80.

  29. Quote: App. BC i.70. See also: Plut. Mar. 43; Vell. Pat. ii.22; Flor. ii.9.21; Dio xxx/xxxv.102; Val. Max. i.6.10; Ascon. 23; Oros. v.19; Eutr. v.7; Livy Per. 80.

  30. App. BC i.70–71; Plut. Mar. 42; Cic. Tusc. v.55; Vell. Pat. ii.22; Flor. ii.9.21; Livy Per. 80.

  31. Quote: App. BC i.72. See also: Plut. Mar. 44, Ant. 1; Cic. Orat. iii.10, Tusc. v.55, Brut. 307, Fam.vi.2.2; Flor. ii.9.21; Val. Max. viii.9.2, ix.2.2; Ascon. 25; Livy Per. 80.

  32. Quotes: Plut. Mar. 44, Vell. Pat. ii.22. See also: Cic. Orat. iii.9, Tusc. v.56, Brut. 307, Nat. Deo. iii.80; Flor. ii.9.21; Val. Max. ix.12.4–5.

  33. Quote: Dio xxx/xxxv.102. See also: App. BC i.72–74; Plut. Mar. 43, Cras. 4; Cic. Tusc. v.55, Cat. iii.24, Red. Sen. 38; Diod. xxxviii.4; Vell. Pat. ii.22; Oros. v.19; Eutr. v.7; Livy Per. 80.

  34. Quote: Plut. Mar. 43. See also: Plut. Mar. 44, Sert. 5; Dio xxx/xxxv.102; Oros. v.19.

  35. Vell. Pat. ii.23; Oros. v.19; Eutr. v.7.

  36. Plut. Sulla 12, 22.

  37. Quote: Plut. Sulla 12. See also: Diod. xxxviii.7; Paus. ix.33.6, x.21.6.

  38. Quotes: Plut. Sulla 13. See also: App. Mith. 38–39; Plut. Sulla 6, 13–14; Vell. Pat. ii.23; Flor. xl.5; Oros. vi.2; Eutr. v.6; Livy Per. 81.

  39. Flor. i.40.5; App. Mith. 40–41; Plut. Sulla 14; Vell. Pat. ii.23–24; Strabo ix.1.15, xiv.2.9; Eutr. v.6.

  40. App. BC i.75; Plut. Mar. 45; Vell. Pat. ii.23; Dio xxx/xxxv.102; Oros. v.19; Livy Per. 80.

  41. Plut. Mar. 45.

  42. Plut. Mar. 45, Mor. 202.b; App. BC i.75; Cic. Tusc. ii.35, 53, Nat. Deo. iii.81; Diod. xxxvii.29; Vell. Pa
t. ii.23; Flor. ii.9.21; Oros. v.19.

  43. Quotes: Livy Per. 80, Plut. Mar. 45. See also: Plut. Sulla 30, Luc. 38; Diod. xxxvii.29; Val. Max. ii.2.3, vi.9.14.

  44. App. BC i.75; Plut. Sulla 20; Vell. Pat. ii.23; Livy Per. 82.

  45. Cic. Font. 1; Sall. Cat. 33; Vell. Pat. ii.23.

  46. Cic. Leg. iii.36, Off. iii.80–81; Pliny NH xxxiii.46, xxxiv.12.

  47. App. Mith. 42–45; Plut. Sulla 15–19, Luc. 3, 11; Flor. xl.5; Strabo ix.2.37; Paus. i.20.6, ix.40.7; Eutr. v.6; Oros. vi.2; Livy Per. 82.

  48. App. Mith. 51; Plut. Sulla 20.

  49. Quote: Plut. Sulla 21. See also: App. Mith. 49; Plut. Sulla 22; Flor. xl.5; Front. ii.3.17, 8.12; Gran. xxxv.24–26; Eutr. v.6; Oros. vi.2; Livy Per. 82.

  50. App. Mith. 52; Plut. Sulla 23, Luc. 7, 34; Diod. xxxviii.8.1; Vell. Pat. ii.24; Val. Max. 9.11.2; Strabo xiii.1.27; Dio xxx/xxxv.104; Oros. vi.2; Livy Per. 82.

  51. App. Mith. 52; Plut. Luc. 3; Diod. xxxviii.8.2–3; Vell. Pat. ii.24; Dio xxx/xxxv.104; Livy Per. 83.

  52. Plut. Sulla 22–23; Gran. xxxv.26–27; Eutr. v.6–7.

  53. Quote: Plut. Sulla 24. See also: App. Mith. 56–58; Plut. Luc. 4; Sall. Hist. i.27; Vell. Pat. ii.23; Flor. i.40.5; Strabo xiii.1.27–28; Gran. xxxv.27; Eutr. v.7; Livy Per. 83.

  54. Plut. Sulla 24; Flor. i.40.5.

  55. App. Mith. 59–60; Plut. Sulla 25; Diod. xxxviii.8.4; Vell. Pat. ii.24; Oros. vi.2; Livy Per. 83.

  56. App. Mith. 61–63; Plut. Sulla 25, Luc. 4; Cic. Flac. 32; Flor. xl.5; Gran. xxxv.28.

  57. Cic. Brut. 308.

  58. Livy Per. 84, 86; Cic. Phil. xii.27.

  59. App. BC i.76; Livy Per. 83.

  60. App. BC i.77.

  61. App. BC i.76–77; Livy Per. 83.

  62. App. BC i.78; Livy Per. 83.

  63. App. BC i.78.

  64. App. BC i.78; Plut. Pomp. 5, Sert. 6; Vell. Pat. ii.24; Dio xlv.47, lii.13; Livy Per. 83.

  65. Quotes: Cic. Nat. Deo. iii.81; Vell. Pat. ii.24.

  CHAPTER 12: CIVIL WAR

  1. App. BC i.60.

  2. App. BC i.78; Vell. Pat. ii.24; Livy Per. 84.

  3. Diod. xxxviii.13.

  4. App. BC i.81.

  5. App. Ill. 5; Plut. Cras. 6, Numa 9; Cic. Verr. ii.2.5, 5.8; Diod. xxxvii.2, xxxviii.8; Livy Per. 84.

  6. Quote: Cic. Brut. 239. See also: Plut Pomp. 1–3, Mor. 717.c; App. BC i.12; Cic. Leg. Man. 28; Vell. Pat. ii.53; Val. Max. v.2.9; Pliny NH xxxvii.6; Gran. xxxiii.13; Strabo xiv.1.48.

  7. App. BC i.82, ii.13–14, iii.46; Plut. Caes. 14, Cato. Min. 33, Pomp. 48, Cras. 14; Dio xxxviii.8, xlv.13; Vell. Pat. ii.44; Seut. Caes. 14.