The Captured
Page 40
marriages, 152, 250, 327n18, 328n5
as member of Comanche tribe, 65, 121, 139
negotiations for release of, 147–49, 152–55
post-return career, 250–51
presumed dead, 94
readjustment to white society, 261–62
refusal of escape opportunities, 135
reticence about time with Indians, 276
return to white society, 222–27, 233–35
Fischer, Sophie, 222, 233
Fisher-Miller Land Grant, 26
Flanigan, John and Martha, 96
Ford, John, 7
Forester, Jesse G., 254
Fort Arbuckle (Indian Territory), 57, 58, 60, 61, 62
Fort Concho (Texas), 15, 94, 124
Comanche prisoners held in, 167, 168, 175
white Indians at, 184–85
Fort Griffin (Texas), 203, 227
Fort Larned (Kansas), 81–82
Fort Mason (Texas), xvii, 68, 140
Fort McKavett (Texas), 68, 94, 95
Fort Sill (Indian Territory), 18, 144, 171, 275
final surrender of Comanches at, 198
horses stolen from, 161
Indian agent in, 150
last Comanche renegades and, 221
reservation at, 158, 193, 202, 249
returned white captives at, 187
Fort Zarah (Kansas), 49
Fortune, Jan Isbell, 283
Fredericksburg (town), xvii, 3, 37, 50, 77, 96
Fischer relatives in 1990s, 241
General Sherman’s visit to, 68, 140
Indian raids near, 15, 36–37, 135
Rudolph Fischer’s return to, 222–23, 225, 227
settlement of, 25–26
treaty with Comanches, 22–23, 27–28
Friend, Belle Jane, 84
Friend, Florence, 76, 188
Friend, John, 69–70, 71, 76, 252
Friend, Leonard S., 146, 157, 188–89, 197, 277
Friend, Matilda, 69–74, 76
abandonment of, 85
birth of child, 84
death of, 280
as survivor, 189, 197
Friend, Temple, xix, 71, 76, 78, 79, 301
in captivity, 79–80
as Comanche warrior, 122, 139
death of, 198–99, 252, 280
legend about, 276–77
life in captivity, 115, 129, 132
in Mowway’s village, 158–59
negotiations for release of, 84
relatives’ search for, 146
return to white society, 188–89, 196–98
search for, 154, 155, 180
Frontier Times magazine, 101, 264, 269, 270, 271, 272, 283
Galveston, 5, 103, 189
Gamble’s Gap, 77
Gardner, Alexander, 170
Gelo, Dan, 127
Genava, 101
German immigrants, 4, 5, 8, 17
deteriorating relations with Comanches, 35–39
first encounters with Comanches, 27–32
parent-child relations among, 296–97
peace treaty with Comanches, 22–23, 26, 27–35
in Saline Valley, 10
support for Union in Civil War, 144
. See also white settlers
German language, 3, 90, 96, 121, 184
Geronimo (film), 281–82
Geronimo (Goyathalay), 282, 317n19
Gillespie County, 15, 135, 189, 268, 271
Gillett, James B., 210–11, 266, 315n9, 325n6
Glenn, Willis Skelton, 242, 259–61, 314n6, 325n9
Goldbaum, Marcus, 146–48, 152, 157
Gooch Cemetery (Mason, Texas), xv, 285, 286
Goodin, Barbara, 126
Goodnight, Charles, 263, 280
Gottlieb, Sophie, 39
Grant, Ulysses, 149, 160, 170, 202, 203–4, 207–8
Grierson, Col. Benjamin, 157
Grote, Friedrika, 5, 6
Guadalupe, Jim, 223
Hale, Felix, 10
Hall, Lee, 249
Hallowell, A. Irving, 23, 111
Halsell, H. H., 62
Hargus, Miri, 41
Harrison, Benjamin, 253
Haworth, James M., 223, 225, 228, 230
Hays County, 84
Heard, J. Norman, 85, 114
Hedwig’s Hill, 17, 68
Hell’s Half Acre, 78
Henderson, Sen. John B., 66
Herman Lehmann, The Indian (Lehmann & Hunter), 270–71
Hey, Hannah Korn (Granny), 7, 8, 9, 10, 276
Adolph’s hermitage and, 292
on Adolph’s Indian customs, 246
death of Adolph and, 285, 286
encounter with Indians, 12–13
on hard work, 114
legend propagated by, 277
real estate interest of, 291
Hey, Lora, 285
High Shorty, 220
Hill Country (central Texas), xvi, xx, 9, 17, 21
General Sherman’s visit to, 140
German immigrants in, 26, 38, 144
harshness of, 5
Indian raids in, 90, 93
Native-settler conflict in, 37
settlement patterns in, 36
twentieth-century reunions in, 267
Hippy, 207
Hoag, Enoch, 144
Hoebel, E. Adamson, 127
Hoerster, William, 277
Holliday Creek, 46
Holmes, Henry M., 289
horse theft, 16–17, 42, 44, 68, 93
by Apaches, 208–9
by Comanches, 158, 161
by former captive, 199, 200
prestige of, 122
Reichenau court case and, 289–91
by white settlers against Comanches, 86, 214n14
Horseback. See Terheryaquahip
horses
Comanche dependence on, 66
former captives’ rapport with, 239, 245
Horton, Albert C., 25
Houston, Sam, 24, 31, 236
Howea (Gap in the Woods), 170
Hunt, P. L., 235
Hunter, J. Marvin, 269–70, 271, 283
Hunter, John Warren, 233, 269
hunting grounds, 31, 32, 66, 134, 137
In the Bosom of the Comanches (Babb), 41, 263, 264, 270
Indian Affairs, commissioner/Office of, 20, 61, 83–84, 94–95, 144, 146
on Colonel Mackenzie’s attack, 166
Kiowa-Comanche agency and, 149–50
Korn family and, 179
land allotments in Indian Territory and, 257
Mowway’s meeting with, 160, 170–71
personal injury claims of former captives and, 253
policy on Indianized captives, 153
Quakers and, 149, 151
return of white captives and, 230
searches for abducted children and, 145
Indian agents, U.S., 20, 36, 82
appeals by parents of abducted children to, 143
former captives and, 249
returned captives and, 223, 228
as searchers for captives, 148–49
white captives and, 52, 56
. See also specific agents
Indian raids, 10–13, 36–37, 66–67, 71–80
Indian Territory, 47, 57, 59, 60, 122
Christian missionaries in, 173
end of Indian wars in, 235
farmland allotments in, 253, 256, 257–58, 261
Kiowa-Comanche agency in, 150
raids launched from, 18, 42
Indian wars, xvii, 24, 235, 236, 239
Indianization, 23, 111, 112, 138
Indianology (Lehmann & Jones), 269–70
initiation rites, 102
Ishatai (Coyote Vagina), 204–6, 207
Jack County, 42
Jackson, Jamie Smith, 293, 294
Jennings, Al, 263
Jerome Agreement/Commission, 253, 255–56, 257, 258, 259
Johnson, Andrew, 40, 143
Johnson, Asa (“Boy”)
, 69, 84–85
Johnson, Betsy, 16, 17, 21, 68, 69–70, 76, 84
Johnson, Brit, 57, 58, 157, 310n4
Johnson, Fielty, 74–75, 76
Johnson, Frank, 16, 17, 21, 69
Johnson, Hackberry Slim, 268
Johnson, Nancy Elizabeth, 70, 75, 76–77
Johnson, Rebecca, 69–71, 75, 77–78
Johnson, Samantha, 70, 74–75, 77
Johnson, Thomas (“Babe”), 69, 84–85
Jones, Horace P., 57, 58, 61, 62, 229
Jones, Jonathan H., 269, 270, 271
Kahchacha, 250, 283, 328n5
Kaiwotche, 160, 165
Kansas, xx, 20, 49, 94, 178
Chisholm Trail and, 57
end of Indian wars in, 235
Indian council of 1867, 65–66
kidnapped children recovered in, 81–82
Kavanagh, Thomas W., 126, 304
Kelley, Edith, 274
Kensing, Henry and Johanna, 15
Kerno, 44, 46, 51, 59
Ketumsee, 27, 28
Kickapoo Springs (settlement), 95, 96, 209
Kickapoos, 94, 145, 193, 194
Kicking Bird, 193
King, Henry C., 193
Kiowas, xvi, 20, 49, 79, 89
abductions by, 15
federal Indian agents and, 56, 144, 151, 152, 178
film industry and, 263
Jerome Commission and, 253
at Medicine Lodge gathering, 65
negotiations to release captives of, 81–82
Quakers and, 149
Korn, Adolph, xv–xviii, xix, 17, 80, 248, 301
abduction of, xvi, 3–4, 18–20, 85
battles with white soldiers and settlers, 134, 163
capture site remembered, 298–300
childhood before captivity, 6, 23, 38
Comanche name of, 123, 126–27
as Comanche warrior, 122–24, 127–28, 139, 297
death of, xvii, 256, 285–87
in federal Native boarding school, 181–83
as hermit in later life, 286, 291–96
Indianization of, 112, 246, 247
as killer, 137
legend about, 277
life in captivity, 41, 114, 115, 129, 132
meetings with other captives, 64
as member of Comanche tribe, 50, 65, 111, 121–24
in Mowway’s village, 158
parents’ search for, 143–44
post-return life, 239, 242
readjustment to white society, 199–200, 288–89
Reichenau court case and, 289–91
reticence about time in captivity, 196, 276
return to white society, 179–80, 183–84, 186, 187, 189–92
search for, 154, 155
Korn, Charlie, 3, 4, 6, 17
brother’s abduction and, 18, 298, 299
brother’s return to white society and, 288
Korn, Johanna Bartruff, 6, 17, 133
death of, 288
encounter with Indians, 12–13
son’s abduction and, 21
son’s return from captivity and, 191–92
Korn, Louis Jacob (“Grandpa”), 4–6, 9, 17
defense against Indian raiders, 139
losses from Indian raids, 68
personality of, 296–97
son’s abduction and, 18, 20–21, 143–44
son’s readjustment to white society and, 199–200
son’s return from captivity and, 183, 187, 191–92
Korn family, xvii, 4–6, 8–9, 12, 17, 35, 287–88
Kothmann, Gerda Lehmann, 114, 241
Kotsotekas (Comanche division), 108, 122
Krauskopf, Engelbert, 223–24, 226, 229–30, 234, 235
Labadi, Lorenzo, 148–49, 331n14
Lanier, Sidney, 190, 199
Laughing Eyes, 98, 214
Leavenworth, Col. Jesse H., 56, 62, 81
Lee, Capt. Phillip L., 218, 226
Leeds, William M., 230
Leeper, Matthew, 150
Legion Creek, 69
Legion Valley (settlement), 17, 68–71, 76, 84, 94, 122
Lehmann, Auguste, 90
Lehmann, Caroline, 90, 91
Lehmann, Esther, 241, 246, 262, 277, 278
Lehmann, Herman, xix, 23, 41, 121, 301
abduction of, 90–93, 95–101
amorous life as white Indian, 132–33
Apache name of, 98, 127
as Apache warrior, 123, 139
on Apache ways of life, 130–31
application for land allotment, 256–61
in battle with Texas Rangers, 208–13, 266, 315n9, 324–25nn5–8
battles against white soldiers and settlers, 134–36
Comanche name of, 215, 326n11
death of, 278
as enemy of buffalo hunters, 204, 215–18
final years, 277–78
flight from Apache village, 213–15
illiteracy of, 239
Indianization of, 112, 247–48
on killing, 138
with last Comanche renegades, 219–22
as last white Indian, 90, 208, 222, 235
life in captivity, 115, 129
marriages, 242
as member of Comanche tribe, 215–22, 259
memoirs and autobiography, 269–73, 325n9
post-return career, 240–41
readjustment to white society, 232–33, 261–62
religious views, 113
return to white society, 228–32
search for, 140–41, 193
at twentieth-century western shows, 266, 267–68, 273
visits to Comanches at Fort Sill, 248
on warrior training rituals, 99, 103
Lehmann, Maurice J., 247–48, 271, 277
Lehmann, Willie, 90–93, 102, 262, 278
abduction, 95–96
escape and return to white society, 96–97, 141
post-return life, 243
ranch of, 277
Leifeste, August, 17, 18, 290, 298
Leon Springs (town), 104–5
Light, Fannie, 242
Lincoln, Abraham, 6
Lipan Apaches, 112, 136, 265
Comanches and, 36, 104, 109
ransom of Jeff Smith, 194–95
. See also Apaches
Little Big Man (film), xx
Little Wichita River, 45–46
Llano County, 17, 68, 84, 93
Llano River, 16, 92
Fisher-Miller Land Grant and, 26, 30, 31, 32
German settlements along, 34
Korn home on, xvi, 3, 6, 9, 68
search for captives along, 107
Llano (town), xvii, 69
Loeffler, Gustav and Emma, 291, 292, 332n6
Loyal Valley, 94, 95, 97, 100, 227
General Sherman in, 140
Herman Lehmann on raid in, 135
Luster, Sarah Jane, 43, 44, 45, 47–49
Lyons, Warren, 28–29, 32
Mackenzie, Col. Ranald, 162, 163, 164–66, 171, 174, 269
campaigns along Mexican border, 194–95, 227
Comanche desire for revenge against, 181
Comanches taken prisoner by, 167
Indian agent Tatum and, 157
last Comanche renegades and, 219, 221
Red River War and, 208, 320n1
Ulysses Grant and, 161
white Indians and, 225, 226, 227
Mamsookawat, 13, 268–69
Marcy, Maj. Gen. Randolph B., 140
Mason County, 14, 15, 38, 93, 96, 200, 203
Mason (town), xv, 10, 16
Maxey, John Valentine, 154, 155, 163, 189, 199, 277–78
. See also “Toppish”
McClellan Creek, 159, 161
McCleskey, Mike, 60, 311n8
McConnell, W. J., 283
McDonald family, 15
Medicine Lodge, Treaty of, 65–66, 68, 151, 157, 253
medicine men (shamans), 204, 213
Menard
County, 15, 209
Menardville (town), 68
Methodist church, 4, 6, 113, 146, 242
Meusebach, John O., 27–31, 29, 30–32, 33, 34, 35
Mexican-Americans,xviii, 67, 89
Mexicans, xviii, 25, 27
as captives, 32, 49, 55, 60, 255
former captive as searcher, 154
in San Antonio, 190
Mexico, 55, 63, 194–95
Mihecoby, 255
Modgling, Frank, 81, 246
Modgling, Henry, 279
Modgling, William F., 244
Monewostuki, 109, 125, 162, 163, 168
Moniwoftuckwy, 129, 318n5
Montechema. See Lehmann, Herman Moody, Edda Raye, 239, 240, 243, 248, 278
memorial of Clinton Smith, 279
on western shows and reunions, 267
Moore, Daniel, 16
Moore, Rance, 16
Mopechucope (Old Owl), 24, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36
Morris, Charles, 251
mountain lions, 96, 97
Mowway (Shaking Hand), 107–8, 124, 154, 173, 311n10
Comanche prisoners and, 180–81
Indian agent Tatum and, 155–57
Red River War and, 208
trip to Washington, D.C., 159, 160, 169–71, 175
village on Red River, 158–60, 161–66
Murphy, Thomas, 84
Nadernumipe (Tired and Give Out). See Babb, Dot
Native Americans, xvi, xx, 25, 151
commercial buffalo hunting and, 202–4
cultural differences with other Americans, 241–42
disease epidemics and, 149
film industry and, 263–64
kidnapped by other Native Americans, xviii
raids against white settlers, 10–13
reasons for taking captives, 49–50
spiritual practices, 113
treaties with United States, 65–66
twentieth-century reunions with settler adversaries, 265–69
. See also Southern Plains Indians; specific tribes and divisions
New Braunfels (town), 5
New Mexico, 18, 20, 60, 83, 98, 122
captives in, 147–49
U.S. Army campaigns in, 161
Newcomb, James P., 144
Nicholson, William, 222–23
Nine Years Among the Indians 1870–1879 (Lehmann), 271–72, 314n6
Nokonis (Comanche division), 42, 56, 60, 61, 174
Nooki, 136
Nusticeno, 210–13, 266
Nystel, Ole, 112, 113
Oatman, Hardin, 76, 77
Oatman, John, 76–77
Oklahoma, xx, 47, 49, 59, 262
Oklahoma Motion Picture Company, 263
Old Texas (film), 264
Old Trail Drivers Association, 265, 269, 272, 279
Omercawbey (Walking Face), 44
Our Red Brothers (Tatum), 150
Pacer, 151–52
Palo Duro Canyon, 79
Panhandle-Plains Historical Society, 281
Parker, Rev. White, 283
Parker, Carlos, 267–68
Parker, Cynthia Ann, 124, 205, 229
Parker, Ely S., 144
Parker, Harold, 259
Parker, Len, 251
Parker, Quanah, 124, 164, 283