Denial [Movie Tie-in]
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appearance of, 71
Browning’s testimony and, 190, 191, 193, 194, 196, 197
closing arguments and, 256, 259–64
Eichmann manuscript and, 238
Evans’s testimony and, 201–9, 212–15, 219, 220
Funke’s testimony and, 233, 237–40
Irving complimented by, 199
Irving’s appeal rejected by, 291
judgment made by, xiv–xv, 223, 253–54, 256, 265, 267, 269–75, 279, 281–82, 284, 291–92, 293, 296
Keegan’s testimony and, 187–88
at last regular session, 244–45, 247–49
Longerich’s testimony and, 225–27, 231
MacDonald’s testimony and, 154–59
as “mein Führer,” 263
opening day and, 79, 81–82
at pretrial hearing, 71–72
and Rampton’s cross-examination of Irving, 163, 165, 167, 169, 170, 173–82, 244–45, 247–49
second day and, 88–93, 95–96, 99, 102
second week and, 109–10, 112, 114–19, 121, 123–24
third day and, 103, 106–7
van Pelt’s testimony and, 134–35, 137, 138–39, 142–45, 148
Great Britain, 17–20
German code broken by, 111
Holocaust survivors and, 38
Palestine and, 38
reaction to libel suit judgment in, xv, 275–83
respect for Irving in, xiii, 187–89, 279, 282–83
in World War II, 18–19, 20, 22, 56, 81, 95, 105, 111, 124, 170, 198, 209, 218
see also England; legal system, British; London
Great Dictator, The (film), 301
Greece, 7, 8
Green, Richard, 131n, 292–93
Grossman, Grace, 65, 79, 88, 94–95
Guardian, 22, 74, 139, 283, 293
Gutman, Yisrael, 16
Guttenplan, Don, 65–66, 188
gypsies, 180, 251n
Haaretz, 269
Hagenau rally, 236–37, 240, 241
Hahn, Walter, 168
Hailsham, Lord, 182
Halle rally, 64–65, 237, 240, 258, 263, 274
Hamas, 72, 300
Hamburg, 94
Hancock, Anthony, 239
Hand That Signed the Paper, The (“Demidenko”), 228–29
Harris, David, 39
Harris, Robert, 20
Harvard University, 190
Hausner, Gideon, 203
Hawking, Stephen, 33
HCN (hydrogen cyanide), 35–36, 118, 122, 131
in Polish studies, 314n–15n
Hebrew University, 6, 7, 9
Center for the Study of Antisemitism at, 28
Heinemann, 293
Heisenberg, Werner, 125, 318n
Henry II, King of England, 228
Hersey, John, 6
hesed shel emet (taking care of the dead), 289–90
Hess, Rudolf, 166–67
Heydrich, Reinhard, 55, 64, 112
assassination of, 250, 325n
Himmler’s call to, 82–83, 103, 104, 113
Kristallnacht and, 166, 321n
Hezbollah, 72
Hezekiah, King, 65
Hilberg, Raul, 53, 66, 202
Himmler, Heinrich, 82–83, 102–5
Auschwitz visited by, 135
brother of, 121
diary entry of (Nov. 30, 1941), 93, 102–3, 192, 273
diary entry of (Dec. 1, 1941), 83, 104–5
diary entry of (Dec. 18, 1941), 114, 192
Heydrich’s call from, 82–83, 103, 104, 113
Hitler’s relationship with, 104, 121, 227, 273
Kristallnacht and, 166, 321n
phone log of (Nov. 30, 1941), 82–83, 103
historiography:
Evans’s emphasis on, 199
Holocaust, differing views of, 23–25
history, historians, 45, 47, 190
in closing arguments, 256–60
in Evans’s report, 67–68, 71, 204
libel suit as contest over, xiv, 65–66, 81–82, 88, 121
trial judgment and, 271–75, 277, 281–83, 291, 301
truth and, xxii, 17, 40, 67
see also specific individuals
“History Needs David Irving” (Watt), xv, 279
Hitler, Adolf, 5, 15, 19–23, 240, 248, 279, 284, 300
antisemitism of, 224, 226
arrest and trial of, 164, 214–15
Churchill on, 124
Himmler’s conversation with (Dec. 18, 1941), 192
Himmler’s relationship with, 104, 121, 227, 273
Horthy’s meeting with, 162–63, 257, 261, 273
ignorance and later concern about Holocaust ascribed to, 19, 20, 23, 40, 82–83, 101–7, 187–88, 190–91, 227–28
intentionalists vs. functionalists views of, 23
Kristallnacht and, 165–67, 216–18, 257, 273
Last Will and Testament of, 221
legacy of, xx May 1944
speech by, 21–22 101st birthday of, 239
Report 51 and, 102, 114, 117
sympathy and exoneration urged for, xiii, xiv, xx, 19, 22–23, 43, 45, 81, 82–83, 92, 93, 95, 101–7, 113–15, 117, 162–67, 216–18, 226–28, 257, 259, 263, 272–73, 283, 312n
Hitler of History, The (Lukacs), 43, 293
“Hitler’s Diaries,” 19–20, 185, 312n
Hitler’s War (Irving), 19–23, 90
Hitler-Ribbentrop-Horthy meeting in, 162–63
Holocaust references removed from, 22, 84, 100
Keegan’s views on, 23, 187–89
1977 edition of, 19–23, 82–83, 100, 103, 162–63, 202
1991 edition of, 21–23, 84, 100, 105, 163, 202, 205–6
photographs in, 205–6
Hitler’s Willing Executioners (Goldhagen), 44
Hoax of the Twentieth Century, The (Butz), 312n
Hofmann, Matthäus, 164, 214–15
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 303
Holocaust, 7, 12, 15, 69, 299
Arab-Israeli conflict contrasted with, 10
Catholic Church role in, 57
closure of, 10
and crooked Jewish financier allegations, 123–24
David Duke’s book on, 181
death tolls in, 189–95, 207, 300, 328n
definitions of, 92, 100, 299, 328n historiography of, 23–25
Hitler’s alleged ignorance and later concern about, 19, 20, 23, 40, 82–83, 101–7, 187–88, 190–91, 227–28
Hitler’s role in, 41, 224
Jewish identity strengthened by, 15–16
lack of assistance by world Jewry in, 11, 24
Lipstadt’s first awareness of, 5–6
misuse of term, 24
origins of, 55
as random killings vs. systematic genocide, 109–25
Soviet version of, 12–13
start of Lipstadt’s research on, 10
U.S. press coverage of, 15, 16
U.S. response to, 24
see also specific death camps and events
Holocaust deniers, Holocaust denial, xiii, 46, 91, 292, 298–301, 304–5
in Arab and Muslim world, 17, 25, 299–300
in Canada, xiii, xx, 21, 44–45, 99–100, 122, 123, 311n
Diary of Anne Frank attacked by, 211–12
differing view of Holocaust vs., 25
Evans’s characterization of, 203–4
Funke’s testimony about, 235–39
IHR journal and, xxi, 16–17
legal action proposed against, xxii
Lipstadt’s tentative foray into, 16–20
media response to, 17–18
Rassinier as, 208
student newspaper response to, 17
see also Irving, David, as Holocaust denier
Holocaust History Project (THHP), 147n, 292–95
Holocaust Museum, 137, 197
Holocaust survivors, 69, 269–70, 304
in aftermath of war, 37–38
camp numbers
of, 33, 59, 86, 179, 256, 274
insurance lawsuit of, 128
at Irving-Lipstadt trial, 86, 120, 127–28, 255, 261, 276
Irving’s ridicule of, 33, 84, 124, 128, 141–42, 179, 236–37, 240, 241, 243–45
in New York, 3
trial judgment and, 276, 278, 279–80, 285–89
at Zündel trial, 44–45
homosexuals, 180, 247, 251n, 301
Hoover, J. Edgar, 293–94, 327n
Horthy de Nagybánya, Miklós, 162–63, 257, 261, 273
Höss, Rudolf, 143, 195–96
House of Lords, British, 225
Human Behavior and Evolution Society, 151, 153
Hungarian Jews, 21–22, 137, 162–63, 257
Hungary, 162
hydrogen cyanide, see HCN
I.G. Farben, 22
immigration, 3, 56, 90, 181, 182, 248
In Defense of History (Evans), 42
indemnification clause, 27
Independent, 144, 283
Institute for Historical Review (IHR), xxi, 16–17, 264, 322n
Irving’s correspondence with, 116
Rampton’s stumbling over name of, 106, 107
intentionalists, 23
intermarriage, 132, 182
Interpol, 250, 251
Iraq war, 300
Irish Times, 284
Irving, David, xiii–xv, xix–xxiii, 18–23, 30–33, 43–49, 63–74
antisemitism of, 32, 33, 43, 45, 49, 66, 70, 81, 88, 91, 96, 124, 158, 173–76, 178–81, 183, 201, 223, 236–41, 243–45, 247, 258–61, 263, 274–75, 280, 284, 294, 301
appearance of, 71, 79, 282, 294, 295
Auschwitz ban on, 122–23, 132–33
background of, 18, 312n
British respect for, xiii, 187–89, 279, 282–83
Browning’s testimony and, 189–98
career decline of, 80, 90–92, 96
Churchill compared with, 125, 228, 229
closing arguments of, 261–64
concessions made by, 93, 114, 115, 119–20, 257–58
consistent-pattern mistakes made by, 196–97
conspiracy claims of, xxi–xxiii, 70, 80, 81, 110, 188, 213, 256, 261–62, 279
contributors to, 296, 297
date switching and witness invention by, 162–65
daughters of, 97, 99, 101, 175, 269, 274, 328n
diaries of, 20, 46, 47, 70, 110, 130, 173, 175, 180, 185, 201, 233, 239, 245, 246, 249
discovery process and, 32, 39–40, 45–47, 54, 70, 123
earnings of, 18, 80
Eichmann manuscript and, 238, 248
Evans’s testimony and, 199–209, 212–21
as exonerator and admirer of Hitler, xiii, xiv, xx, 19, 43, 45, 81, 82–83, 92, 93, 95, 101–6, 113–15, 117, 162–67, 216–18, 226–28, 257, 259, 263, 272–73, 283, 312n
Funke’s testimony and, 233–41
Goebbels’s diary and, 185–86, 204, 270, 275
Gray’s sympathetic view of, 199, 205
“Hitler’s Diaries” and, 19–20
as Holocaust denier, xiii–xiv, xix–xxi, 18–23, 25, 31, 33, 40, 41, 63, 65–66, 80–81, 83–84, 88, 96, 99–100, 122–24, 168, 178–79, 199–200, 223, 235–37, 241, 243–45, 257, 258, 260, 274–75, 280, 282, 284, 286, 294, 298–99, 300, 301
influence of, 125, 293
Jewish crime allegations of, 249–52, 261, 273
judgment and, 267, 268, 270–75, 277, 279, 280
judgment appealed by, 291–97
Keegan’s testimony and, 186–89
lawsuits of, 18–19, 45–46; see also Irving v. Penguin and Lipstadt; trial
Longerich’s testimony and, 224–29
media coverage of, 65–66, 85, 87–88, 91, 188, 279–84, 296
misstatements, mistranslations, and falsifications of, 19, 102–5, 143, 161–65, 196–97, 200, 201, 204, 257–60, 261, 271–75, 277, 282, 291–92, 312n
as no historian, 45, 67–68, 82, 93
“no-holes” trap of, 138–39, 140
“one-man gas chamber” anecdote of, 236–37, 240, 241, 243–44
personal papers taken from, 297–98
political extremism of, 20, 41, 46, 84, 90, 96, 181, 233, 235–41, 245–48, 258, 259, 263–64, 274–75, 284, 321n, 322n
praised as military historian, 271
press conference of (1989), 128–30, 171
at pretrial hearings, 46–47, 71–72
racism of, 43, 70, 173, 174, 176–78, 181–83, 200–201, 223, 247–48, 258, 260, 263, 274–75, 280, 284, 301
Rampton’s cross-examination of, 99–107, 110–19, 122–24, 128–32, 161–67, 173–82, 186, 243–53
reviews of books by, xiii, 25, 30–31, 43, 45–46, 90, 91, 169, 187
St. Martin’s imbroglio and, 91–92, 155
self-portrayed as victim, 80–81, 90–92, 96–97
summary of books by, 18–19
and trial on opening day, 78–85
and trial on second day, 88–93, 95–97
and trial on third day, 103–7
and trial in second week, 109–25
TV appearances of, 19–20
van Pelt’s testimony and, 133–49, 197
victory predicted by, 73–74, 85
videotapes of speeches of, 64–65, 236–37
Watt’s testimony and, 120–22
Zündel trial and, 21, 96, 100, 122, 322n Irving, Jessica, 175, 269
Irving v. Penguin and Lipstadt, xiii–xv, xx–xxiii, 27–299
appeal in, 291–96
as bench trial, 47
as contest over history, xiv, 65–66, 81–82, 88, 121
discovery process in, see discovery process and
doubters in the scholarly community, 48–49
expert witnesses in, see expert witnesses; specific individuals
film version suggested for, 58–59
Irving’s conspiracy claims in, xxi–xxii, 70, 80, 81, 110, 188, 213, 256, 261–62, 279
Irving’s start of, xiii, xx legal defense options in, 32
Lipstadt defense costs in, xiv, 37–39, 68–69, 70, 280, 297
Lipstadt’s preparations for, xxii, 28–33, 73–74
Lipstadt’s records in, xvii media coverage of, xxii, 48, 49, 65–66, 71, 73–74, 92
moral dimension of, 30, 51
pretrial hearings in, 46–47, 70–72
reimbursement sought in, 295, 296–97
settlement offers and, 43–44, 69–70, 74
see also trial
Islam, Muslim world, 74
Holocaust deniers in, 17, 25, 299–300
Israel, 6–12, 197, 235, 294, 301
Eichmann manuscript and, 203, 216, 234, 238, 248
Holocaust compared with policies of, 25, 300
IHR criticism of, 17
Lipstadt in, 6–7, 9–10
National Archive in, 216
reparations received by, 21
Soviet Jews and, 11
Soviet relations with, 11, 13
Istanbul, 7, 8
Jacobsen, Dan, 159
Jährling, Rudolf, 136
Jakobovits, Lady Amelie (Lady J), 269
Jersak, Tobias, 203, 215–16, 234, 297–98
Jerusalem, 6–10
Jesuits, 57
Jewish Telegraph Service, 269
Jews, 3–4, 292
and acts of loving-kindness, 289–90
assimilated, 152–53
Catholics’ dialogue with, 57
crime and, 249–52, 261, 273
crooked financier allegations and, 123–24, 256
Eastern Front murder of, see Eastern Front, murder of Jews on
identity of, 15–16, 152, 154
inventory of goods removed from, 193
IQ of, 151–52
Irving’s attributing of greed to, 173–75
Irving’s blaming of, 95–96, 173–75, 178
in Krakow, 57–58
Madagascar Plan for, 226–27
Orthodox, Holocaust as viewed by, 24
see also antisemitism, antisemites;
Holocaust; Holocaust denial;
Holocaust deniers; specific ethnic groups
Jordan, 6–10
Journal of Historical Review, 106, 239, 322n
Judenpack, Zündel’s use of, 236, 240
Judenräte (Nazi-appointed Jewish councils), 23–24
Judentransport, 83, 102–4
judicial restraint, 254
Julius, Anthony, 28–33, 37–49, 51–55, 69–73, 97, 127, 157, 228, 301
appearance of, 31
background of, 29–30
closing arguments and, 260–61
Eliot book by, 28, 29, 32, 42, 49
Evans’s testimony and, 202, 218
Guttenplan article and, 65, 66
Irving’s appeal and, 292, 295
judgment and, 270, 275, 276
legal costs estimated by, 37
legal options explained by, 32
MacDonald and, 153, 159
at meeting with Rampton, 52–54
at pretrial hearings, 46–47, 70–72
as Princess Diana’s lawyer, 28–29, 42, 313n–14n
“rights of audience” of, 52
and terms of joint defense, 44
and trial on opening day, 78, 85
and trial in second week, 110, 112, 114, 120
U.S. visit of, 31
van Pelt’s testimony and, 139
wife of, 276
work on case as viewed by, 287–88
juries, 45
Justice Ministry, Nazi, 167
Kazimierz, 57–58, 61
Keefer, Janice Kulyk, 229
Keegan, Sir John, xv, 23, 322n
testimony of, 186–89, 282
on trial judgment, 282–83
Keitel, Wilhelm, 297–98
Kelland, Kate, 183
Kellerman, Jonathan, 91
Kempner, Robert, 293–94, 327n
Kennedy, Edward, 84, 124, 244, 274
Kennedy, Robert, 294
KGB, 11, 13–14
Kiaulehn, Walther, 250
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 313n
Kirkus Reviews, 91
Klaiman, Gloria, 281
Klein, Fritz, 137–38
Konner, Mel, 68
Kornfeld, Amelia, 49
Kornfeld, Joe, 49
Kotel (the Western Wall), 8–9, 10
Kovno, 112
Krakow, 56–59, 61, 64
Kramer, Josef, 137
Kristallnacht (Nov. 9–10, 1938), 56, 165–67, 216–18, 257, 273, 321n
Ku Klux Klan, 181
Labor Party, British, 200
Lady Chatterley’s Lover (Lawrence), 74
Last of the Just, The (Schwarz-Bart), 6
Lawrence, D. H., 74
Lawrence, Stephen, 182
Lebanon, 7–8
legal system, British:
judicial restraint and, 254
juries in, 45
“leave” or permission to appeal in, 291