The Physics of War

Home > Other > The Physics of War > Page 36
The Physics of War Page 36

by Barry Parker

Borgia, Cesare, 70

  bow and arrow, 41, 42

  Bowen, Edward, 228

  Boyle's law, 115

  Bragg, William, 199

  Brattain, Walter, 288, 290, 291

  Braun, Wernher von, 237, 280

  Breit Gregory, 253

  British Enfield rifle, 135, 138

  British system, 36

  bronze, 23

  Bronze Age, 24

  Brooklyn, 147–48

  Buchanan, Franklin, 147–48

  Bush, Vannevar, 259, 261

  Caesar, 48

  calculus, 101

  camber, 166, 174

  Cambria, Battle of, 194

  cannon, 62–66

  caravel, 91

  carbine, 136

  Carthaginians, 47

  Castile, 64

  catapult, 32

  Cavalla, 221

  Cavendish, Henry, 118

  cavity magnetron, 209

  Cayley, George, 166, 168

  center of mass, 92

  centripetal force, 114

  CH system, 228

  Chadwick, James, 245

  chain mail, 51, 57

  chain reaction, 252–54

  Chanute, Octave, 166–68

  chariot, 19, 20, 22, 23

  Charles's law, 152

  Charles VII, 66, 67

  Charles VIII, 67, 68, 70

  CHL system, 228

  chlorine gas, 192

  Christian IV, 99

  Church, Gilbert, 267

  Churchill, Winston, 193, 194, 226, 244

  circumference of earth, 29

  clean bomb, 279

  coherent light, 286

  Colbert, John Baptiste, 106

  Cold War, 280, 281

  Colossus, Mark I, 244

  Colt, Samuel, 132

  Columbus, 91

  commutator, 142

  compass, 91, 95

  composite bow, 43

  Compton, Arthur, 259

  computers during World War II, 243

  conduction band, 289

  Confederate States of America, 137

  conservation of momentum, 38

  Constantinople, 64, 65

  Cooke, William, 140

  copper, 23

  Corona satellites, 292

  Corsair, 234

  cosmic rays, 263

  Coulomb, Charles, 124

  Crécy, Battle of, 52

  critical mass, 263, 267

  crossbow, 43, 48, 51

  cruise missile, 234

  Curie, Marie, 203, 247

  Curtiss, Glenn, 177, 180

  Dark Ages, 50, 69

  Davy, Humphrey, 126

  Descartes, Rene, 114

  deuterium, 274

  diffusion, 255

  Doenitz, Karl, 219, 220

  dogfights, 18, 188

  doping, 290

  Doppler Effect, 204, 205, 216

  Doppler, Christian, 205

  Dornberger, Walter, 237

  downwash, 175

  drag (bullet), 158, 159

  drones, 291–93

  duFay, Charles, 123, 124

  Dunkirk, 226, 227

  dynamo, 130, 142

  dyne, 37

  early guns of war, 87

  earth as giant magnet, 94

  e-bomb, 294

  Edward III, 52

  Egypt, 24

  Einstein, Albert, 193, 246, 255, 256, 257, 282

  Eisenhower, Dwight, 233

  electric and magnetic fields, 126

  electric field, 197

  electric field lines, 95, 128, 129

  electric generator, 128

  electric motor, 128

  electromagnet, 139, 140

  electromagnetic field, 197

  electromagnetic induction, 127

  electromagnetic pulse, 294, 295

  electromagnetic spectrum, 199

  electromagnetic waves, 197, 198

  electron volt, 252

  elevator, 178

  Elizabeth (Queen of Belgium), 256

  energy, 39

  energy band, 288

  energy level, 282

  Enewetak Atoll, 276

  English Revolution, 107

  Enigma, 243, 244

  Eratosthenes, 29, 33

  Ericsson, John, 144, 145

  Estes, 277

  excited state, 283

  Explorer 1, 292

  external ballistics, 157–61

  Faraday, Michael, 126, 139, 142

  Farragut, David, 147

  Fat Man, 267

  Ferdinand, Franz, 185

  Ferdinand II, 98

  Fermi, Enrico, 247–50, 253–56, 263–65, 274

  Feynman, Richard, 263

  fission, 251, 263

  first airplanes, 165

  first tanks, 193, 194

  flame thrower, 183, 185

  flaps, 177

  flintlock, 112–14

  flintlock mechanism, 113, 114

  Flowers, Tommy, 244

  Flyer I, 170

  Flyer II, III, 172

  Flying Circus, 188

  Foch, General, 196

  Fokker, Anthony, 187

  force, 36

  form drag, 56, 57

  form factor, 160

  form friction, 176

  Forsyth, Alexander, 131, 132

  Fort Morgan, 147, 148

  Franklin, Benjamin, 124

  French Revolution, 106, 117

  Frisch, Otto, 250, 251, 258

  Fritigern, 49, 50

  Fritz X, 241

  Fuchs, Klaus, 274, 275

  fulcrum, 41

  Fulton, Robert, 148, 211

  fusion, 273

  gain medium, 286

  Galileo, 80, 81, 157, 203

  Galileo's ballistics, 81

  Galvani, Luigi, 124

  gamma rays, 199

  Gamow, George, 253

  Garros, Roland, 180, 187

  gaseous diffusion, 266

  Gatling, Richard, 143

  Gatling gun, 143, 181

  Geiger Counter, 248

  Genghis Khan, 59, 60

  George, Lloyd, 193, 194

  German atomic bomb, 269

  German U-boats, 190–91, 195, 219, 220, 229

  Gettysburg, 138

  Gettysburg, Battle of, 138, 139

  giant crossbow of Leonardo, 75

  Gilbert, William, 93, 94

  Goddard, Robert, 236, 240

  Goeben, 190

  Göring, Hermann, 230

  Goths, 49, 50

  Gould, Gordon, 287

  GPS, 215

  Grant, Ulysses, 139

  gravity, 38

  Great Henry, 93

  Greeks, 28

  Greenwich, England, 97

  grenade launchers, 295

  Gribeauval, Jean-Baptiste, 118–20

  ground state, 282

  Groves, Leslie, 261, 262, 266, 267, 269

  Guadalcanal, 232

  gunpowder, 59

  gyroscope, 161, 215

  gyroscopic inertia, 215

  Haber, Fritz, 191–93

  Habsburgs, 99

  Hahn, Otto, 249–52, 255, 257

  half-life, 248

  Hall, Albert, 208

  Halley, Edmond, 97, 102

  hand cannon, 62

  hand grenades, 184

  Hanford, Washington, 267

  Hanley, Maurice, 193

  Hannibal, 47

  Harold II, 51, 52

  Harper's Ferry rifle, 135

  Harrison, John, 98

  Hartford, 147

  Hayden, Lance, 188

  HEAT warhead, 240

  heavy water, 256

  Heisenberg, Werner, 255, 257, 260, 261, 270

  Henry, Joseph, 140, 141

  Henry VIII, 92

  Henry rifle, 136

  Henry the Navigator, 90, 91

  Hermes drone, 293

  Herschel, William, 199

  Hertz, Heinrich, 198, 200

  Hertz's
apparatus, 198

  Hertz (unit), 200

  HESH warhead, 240

  Heston, Charlton, 22

  Hickman, Clarence, 240

  Hipparchus, 29, 33, 96

  Hiroshima, 271

  Hitler, 219, 224, 225, 229

  Hittites, 19, 20, 21

  Holland, John, 211

  Holy Roman Empire, 98, 99

  Hooke, Robert, 102

  Housatonic, 149

  Howard, Edward, 131

  Howard, Fred, 170

  howitzer, 136, 183, 184

  Huff Duff, 219, 220

  Hundred Years’ War, 52, 63, 64

  Hunley, 211, 217

  Huns, 50

  Hurley, 148

  Hurley, Horace, 148

  Huygens, Christiaan, 107, 114–16

  hydrogen, 118

  hydrogen bomb, 273, 277–79

  hydroplane, 213

  ICBM, 280, 281

  Immelmann, Max, 188

  impact depth, 164

  impulse, 37

  incoherent light, 286

  induced friction, 176

  induction coil, 128

  Industrial Revolution, 105

  inertia, 36, 37

  infrared, 203, 204

  internal ballistics, 151, 152

  invisible rays, 197

  iron, 23

  Iron Age, 23

  ironclads, 144

  isotope, 254

  Istanbul, 65

  Ivy Mike, 276

  Iwo Jima, 232

  James II, 66

  Janissaries, 65

  Japanese zero, 234

  jet airplane, 235

  Joan of Arc, 64

  John I, 90

  Joliot-Curie, Frederic, 247, 248, 255

  Joliet-Curie, Irene, 245, 255, 257

  Kadesh, 20, 21

  Kadesh, Battle of, 19–22

  kamikaze, 232

  Kennedy, John, 280

  Kentucky rifle, 135

  Keyhole-class spy satellites, 292

  k factor, 264

  kinetic energy, 39, 40

  Kitty Hawk, NC, 168, 169, 171

  Krupp, 224

  Lake, Simon, 211

  Landships committee, 193

  laser, 282, 286, 287

  laser weapons, 287

  latitude, 96

  Lavoisier, Antoine, 117, 118

  law of conservation of mass, 118

  law of gravity, 101

  Lawrence, Ernest, 259, 261, 262

  Le Mat revolver, 136

  Lee, James, 183

  Lee, Robert, 138

  Leibniz, 101

  Leonardo da Vinci, 69, 70, 89, 144, 165, 193

  Leonardo's attitude toward war, 77

  Leonardo's military inventions, 72, 73, 74–76

  Leonardo's physics, 71, 72

  Lewis gun, 182

  Leyden jar, 124

  Leyte Gulf, Battle of, 232

  lift, 172, 174

  light, 203

  Lilienthal, Otto, 166, 168

  Lincoln, Abraham, 137, 139, 144

  Lion, the (cannon), 66

  Lippershay, Hans, 84, 203

  liquid-fueled rocket, 238

  lithium deuteride, 278

  Little Boy, 267

  Little Willy, 194

  loadstone, 94

  longbow, 52, 53, 55

  longitude, 96, 97

  long-range missiles, 280

  Lorentz machine, 244

  Los Alamos, 262, 267

  Louis XIV, 106

  Louis XVI, 117

  Love, Thaddeus, 149

  Luftwaffe, 226, 230, 231

  Lugar, 183

  Lusitania, 190, 191, 195

  machine gun, 181

  machines, 41

  madfaa, 61

  magnetic field, 197

  magnetic field of earth, 95

  magnetron, 208–10

  Maiman, Theodor, 287

  Manhattan project, 261, 265, 268

  Mannock, Mick, 188

  Marconi, Guglielmo, 200, 201

  Mariotte, Edme, 166

  Mark I, 194, 195

  Mary Rose, 92, 93

  maser, 285, 286

  mass number, 254

  matchlock, 88

  MAUD committee, 258, 259

  Mauser Gewehr, 183

  Maxim, Hiram, 182

  maximum range ( of gun), 160

  Maxwell, James, 197, 198

  Meade, George, 138

  mechanical equivalent of heat, 123,

  Megiddo, 15

  Meitner, Lise, 249–52, 259

  mercury fulminate, 131

  Messerschmitt, 234, 235

  metallurgy, 23

  metric system, 36

  microchips, 288, 291

  Midway Island, 232

  Mike test, 276, 277

  Milemete, Walter, 62

  military compass (Galileo), 83

  Minié ball, 133, 135, 138

  Minié, Claude, 133

  Minnesota, 145

  MIRV (multiple independent re-entry vehicle), 280, 281

  MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), 210

  Mitchell, Billy, 189

  Mobile Bay, Battle of, 147

  moderator, 256

  momentum, 37

  M1 Garand, 242

  Mongols, 50, 59, 62

  Monitor, 145, 147

  Mons, Battle of, 186

  Mons Meg (cannon), 66

  Monte San Giovanni, 67

  Morse code, 141, 201

  Morse, Samuel, 141

  mortar, 184

  mouseion, 33

  Munroe, Charles, 240

  musketeers, 88

  muskets, 88, 98

  Mussolini, 224

  Mustang, 234

  mustard gas, 192

  Muwatallis II, 19, 20, 21

  muzzle velocity, 152–57

  Nagasaki, 271

  Napoleon, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122

  Napoleon (cannon), 136

  Napoleon's weapons, 119

  Nautilus, 211, 217

  navigation (of submarine), 215

  negative charge, 95

  Nelson, Horatio, 120

  neutron, 245, 247, 248

  Newcomen, Thomas, 107

  Newton, Isaac, 36, 38, 100, 101

  Newton's laws, 37, 102

  Nicholas, Czar, 195

  night-vision device, 204

  Nimitz, Chester, 232

  Norden bombsight, 241, 242

  Norden, Carl, 241

  Norton, John, 133

  n-type semiconductor, 291

  nuclear fission, 252, 255

  nuclear fusion, 273

  nuclear reactor, 256, 264, 265

  nuclear submarine, 281

  Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 266

  objective (telescope lens), 203

  Octavius, 48

  Oersted, Hans Christian, 125, 126

  Ohain, Hans von, 235

  ohm, 125

  Ohm, Georg, 125

  Ohm's law, 125

  Oliphant, Mark, 259

  onager, 17, 30, 31, 32, 35, 45, 46, 48

  Oppenheimer, Robert, 259–63, 268, 274, 275

  oxygen, 118

  Pacioli, Luca, 71

  Panda Committee, 276

  parabola, 56, 82, 83, 158

  particle beams, 295

  Pash, Boris, 269, 270

  passive sonar, 216

  Pearl Harbor, 231

  Peierls, Rudolf, 258

  Pemberton, Henry, 110

  percussion cap, 131

  periscope, 214

  Pershing, General, 196

  Persia, 23

  Persian Empire, 28

  Philip II, 33

  Philip VI, 52

  phlogiston theory, 118

  Phoenicia, 28

  phosgene, 192

  photon, 282

  physics of hydrogen bomb, 277–79

  physics of longbow, 54

  physics of propeller, 146

  physics of
submarines, 212

  Pickett, Brigadier General, 138

  pile (electric), 124, 125

  ping, 216

  Pioneer II, 148

  pitch axis, 179

  Pitot, Henri, 166

  Pixii, Hippolyte, 142

  Plato, 29, 30

  plutonium, 259

  poisonous gas, 191, 192

  Poland (attack on), 226

  Polaris, 29, 91, 93, 94, 95

  Pollock, 220

  population inversion, 284, 285

  Porro, Ignazio, 203

  positive charge, 95

  potential energy, 39, 40

  power, 39, 40

  precession, 160

  Predator drone, 292, 293

  Preece, William, 201

  Prince Henry, 90

  Princeton, 145

  Principia, 36, 102

  propeller (submarine), 213

  proton, 246

  proximity fuse, 241

  p-type semiconductor, 290

  pulley, 41

  Punic Wars, 47

  pusher design, 170

  Rabi, Isidor, 255

  radar, 204, 227

  radar jamming, 229

  radar system, 206, 207

  radian, 40, 134

  radiation channel, 278, 279

  radioactive decay, 247

  radio transmission, 201

  radio waves, 200

  Ramses II, 19, 20, 21

  Randall, John, 208, 228

  Reaper drone, 292

  recoil, 154, 155

  recoil of cannon, 66

  recurved bow, 43

  Red Baron (Manfred von Richthofen), 188

  reflecting telescope, 203

  refracting telescope, 203

  relay (telegraph), 140

  resistance, 125

  Richthofen, Manfred von, 188

  Rickenbacker, Eddie, 189

  rifling of gun barrel, 161, 162

  right-hand rule, 126, 127

  Ritter, Johann, 199

  Robins, Benjamin, 110–12

  Robinson, John, 108

  robots, 295

  roll axis, 179

  Roman Empire, 47, 48

  Romans, 32, 47

  Röntgen, Wilhelm, 13, 199, 202

  Roosevelt, President (Franklin D.), 255, 256, 259, 261, 267

  Rosen, Leon, 252, 253

  rotational inertia, 134

  Roxburgh Castle, 66

  Royal Society, 115

  rudder, 178

  Rumford, Count, 122

  Sachs, Alexander, 256

  Sagres, 90

  saltpeter, 60, 61, 117

  satellites, 291

  Schawlow, Arthur, 287

  Schwartz, Berthold, 62

  screw, 41

  screw propeller, 144

  scutum, 48

  Seaborg, Glenn, 259

  Selleck, Tom, 136

  semiconductor, 288, 289

  Serber, Robert, 263

  Sforza, Ludovico, 70, 73, 77

  Sharps, Christian, 136

  Sharps rifle, 136

  sheer drag, 56

  Shokaku, 221

  Shockley, William, 288, 291

  siege towers, 27, 28

  six shooter, 132

  skin friction, 176

  Smeaton, John, 166

  Smeaton's coefficient, 166, 170

  Smith, Francis, 144

  Socrates, 29, 39

  solenoid, 126

  solid-state physics, 288

  Solomon Islands, 232

  Somme, Battle of, 194

  sonar, 211, 216, 217

  sonic boom, 155, 156

 

‹ Prev