XIII
After this Belisarius bethought him how his whole fleet should always keep together as it sailed and should anchor in the same place. For he knew that in a large fleet, and especially if rough winds should assail them, it was inevitable that many of the ships should be left behind and scattered on the open sea, and that their pilots should not know which of the ships that put to sea ahead of them it was better to follow. So after considering the matter, he did as follows. The sails of the three ships in which he and his following were carried he painted red from the upper corner for about one third of their length, and he erected upright poles on the prow of each, and hung lights from them, so that both by day and by night the general’s ships might be distinguishable; then he commanded all the pilots to follow these ships. Thus with the three ships leading the whole fleet not a single ship was left behind. And whenever they were about to put out from a harbour, the trumpets announced this to them.
And upon setting out from Abydus they met with strong winds which carried them to Sigeum. And again in calm weather they proceeded more leisurely to Malea, where the calm proved of the greatest advantage to them. For since they had a great fleet and exceedingly large ships, as night came on everything was thrown into confusion by reason of their being crowded into small space, and they were brought into extreme peril. At that time both the pilots and the rest of the sailors shewed themselves skilful and efficient, for while shouting at the top of their voices and making a great noise they kept pushing the ships apart with their poles, and cleverly kept the distances between their different vessels; but if a wind had arisen, whether a following or a head wind, it seems to me that the sailors would hardly have preserved themselves and their ships. But as it was, they escaped, as I have said, and put in at Taenarum, which is now called Caenopolis. Then, pressing on from there, they touched at Methone, and found Valerian and Martinus with their men, who had reached the same place a short time before. And since there were no winds blowing, Belisarius anchored the ships there, and disembarked the whole army; and after they were on shore he assigned the commanders their positions and drew up the soldiers. And while he was thus engaged and no wind at all arose, it came about that many of the soldiers were destroyed by disease caused in the following manner.
The pretorian prefect, John, was a man of worthless character, and so skilful at devising ways of bringing money into the public treasury to the detriment of men that I, for my part, should never be competent to describe this trait of his. But this has been said in the preceding pages, when I was brought to this point by my narrative. But I shall tell in the present case in what manner he destroyed the soldiers. The bread which soldiers are destined to eat in camp must of necessity be put twice into the oven, and be cooked so carefully as to last for a very long period and not spoil in a short time, and loaves cooked in this way necessarily weigh less; and for this reason, when such bread is distributed, the soldiers generally received as their portion one-fourth more than the usual weight. John, therefore, calculating how he might reduce the amount of firewood used and have less to pay to the bakers in wages, and also how he might not lose in the weight of the bread, brought the still uncooked dough to the public baths of Achilles, in the basement of which the fire is kept burning, and bade his men set it down there. And when it seemed to be cooked in some fashion or other, he threw it into bags, put it on the ships, and sent it off. And when the fleet arrived at Methone, the loaves disintegrated and returned again to flour, not wholesome flour, however, but rotten and becoming mouldy and already giving out a sort of oppressive odour. And the loaves were dispensed by measure to the soldiers by those to whom this office was assigned, and they were already making the distribution of the bread by quarts and bushels. And the soldiers, feeding upon this in the summer time in a place where the climate is very hot, became sick, and not less than five hundred of them died; and the same thing was about to happen to more, but Belisarius prevented it by ordering the bread of the country to be furnished them. And reporting the matter to the emperor, he himself gained in favour, but he did not at that time bring any punishment upon John.
These events, then, took place in the manner described. And setting out from Methone they reached the harbour of Zacynthus, where they took in enough water to last them in crossing the Adriatic Sea, and after making all their other preparations, sailed on. But since the wind they had was very gentle and languid, it was only on the sixteenth day that they came to land at a deserted place in Sicily near which Mount Aetna rises. And while they were being delayed in this passage, as has been said, it so happened that the water of the whole fleet was spoiled, except that which Belisarius himself and his table-companions were drinking. For this alone was preserved by the wife of Belisarius in the following manner. She filled with water jars made of glass and constructed a small room with planks in the hold of the ship where it was impossible for the sun to penetrate, and there she sank the jars in sand, and by this means the water remained unaffected. So much, then, for this.
Βελισάριος δέ, ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα ἐς τὴν νῆσον ἀπέβη, ἀπορούμενός τε ἤσχαλλε καὶ ἔστρεφεν αὐτοῦ τὴν διάνοιαν τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι ἐπὶ τίνας ποτὲ ἀνθρώπων τοὺς Βανδίλους ἴοι, ἢ ὁποίους ποτὲ τὰ πολέμια, μηδὲ ὅτῳ τρόπῳ ἢ ὁπόθεν ποτὲ σφίσιν ὁρμωμένοις πολεμητέα εἴη. [2] μάλιστα δὲ αὐτὸν οἱ στρατιῶται ξυνετάρασσον, κατωρρωδηκότες τε τὴν ναυμαχίαν καὶ προλέγειν ἥκιστα αἰσχυνόμενοι ὡς, ἢν μέν τις σφᾶς εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀποβήσειε, πειράσονται ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ γίγνεσθαι, ἢν δὲ πολέμια πλοῖα ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς ἴοι, ἐς φυγὴν τραπήσονται: οὐ γὰρ οἷοί τέ εἰσι πολεμίοις τε ἀνδράσι καὶ ὕδασι διαμάχεσθαι. [3] τούτοις οὖν ἅπασιν ἀπορούμενος Προκόπιον τὸν αὑτοῦ πάρεδρον ἔστελλεν ἐς Συρακούσας, πευσόμενόν τε ἤν τινες τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐνέδραι εἰσὶ προλοχίζουσαι τὸν διάπλουν ἢ ἐν νήσῳ ἢ ἐν ἠπείρῳ, καὶ ὅπη μὲν τῆς Λιβύης προσορμίσασθαι σφίσιν ἄμεινον ἂν εἴη, ὁπόθεν δὲ ὁρμωμένοις τὸν πόλεμον πρὸς Βανδίλους διενεγκεῖν ξυνοίσει. [4] ἐπὰν δὲ τὰ ἐντεταλμένα ποιοίη, ἐπανήκοντά οἱ ἐκέλευεν ἐς Καύκανα τὸ χωρίον ξυμμῖξαι, διακοσίοις μάλιστα σταδίοις Συρακουσῶν διέχον, οὗ δὴ αὐτός τε καὶ ὁ ξύμπας στόλος ὁρμίσασθαι ἔμελλε. [5] τῷ δὲ λόγῳ τροφὰς αὐτὸν ἔπεμπεν ὠνησόμενον, ἅτε τῶν Γότθων ἀγορὰν σφίσιν ἐθελόντων διδόναι, δόξαν τοῦτο βασιλεῖ τε Ἰουστινιανῷ καὶ Ἀμαλασούνθῃ τῇ Ἀταλαρίχου μητρί, ὃς τότε παῖς τε ὢν καὶ ὑπὸ τῇ μητρὶ Ἀμαλασούνθῃ τρεφόμενος εἶχε τὸ Γότθων τε καὶ Ἰταλιωτῶν κράτος. [6] ἐπειδὴ γὰρ Θευδέριχος τετελευτήκει καὶ ἐς τὸν θυγατριδοῦν Ἀταλάριχον, ὀρφανὸν τοῦ πατρὸς ἤδη πρότερον γεγονότα, ἡ βασιλεία ἧκε, δειμαίνουσα ἡ Ἀμαλασοῦνθα περί τε τῷ παιδὶ καὶ τῇ βασιλείᾳ φίλον Ἰουστινιανὸν ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἑταιρισαμένη τά τε ἄλλα ἐπήκουεν αὐτῷ ἐπιτάττοντι καὶ τότε ἀγορὰν διδόναι τῷ στρατοπέδῳ ἐπηγγέλλετο καὶ ἐποίει ταῦτα. [7] Γενόμενος δὲ ἐν ταῖς Συ�
�ακούσαις Προκόπιος καὶ ἀνδρὸς παρὰ δόξαν ἐπιτυχὼν πολίτου μέν οἱ καὶ φίλου ὑπάρχοντος ἐκ παιδός, ἐπ̓ ἐργασίᾳ δὲ τῇ κατὰ θάλασσαν ἀπὸ παλαιοῦ ἐν Συρακούσαις ᾠκημένου, ἐπύθετο ὅσων ἔχρῃζεν: [8] οὗτος γὰρ ὁ ἀνὴρ οἰκέτην αὐτῷ ἐπέδειξε, τριταῖόν οἱ ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκ Καρχηδόνος ἥκοντα, ὃς δὴ ἔφασκεν ὡς οὐδέ τινα πρὸς Βανδίλων ἐνέδραν τῷ στόλῳ ἔσεσθαι ἄξιον εἶναι ὑφορᾶσθαι. [9] πρὸς οὐδενὸς γὰρ ἐκείνους ἀνθρώπων πεπύσθαι στράτευμα ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς ἐν τούτῳ τῷ χρόνῳ ἰέναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ στρατεύσασθαι ὀλίγῳ ἔμπροσθεν ἐπὶ Γώδαν εἴ τι ἐν Βανδίλοις δραστήριον ἦν. [10] καὶ διὰ ταῦτα Γελίμερα πολέμιον οὐδὲν ἐννοοῦντα, Καρχηδόνος τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ὠλιγορηκότα τῶν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ χωρίων, ἐν Ἑρμιόνῃ διατριβὴν ἔχειν, ἥ ἐστιν ἐν Βυζακίῳ ἡμερῶν τεττάρων ὁδῷ τῆς ἠιόνος διέχουσα: ὥστε πάρεστιν αὐτοῖς πλεῖν τε οὐδὲν δειμαίνουσι δύσκολον καὶ προσορμίζεσθαι ἔνθα ἂν αὐτοὺς τὸ πνεῦμα καλοίη. [11] ταῦτα Προκόπιος ἀκούσας τῆς τε χειρὸς τοῦ οἰκέτου λαβόμενος ἐπὶ τὸν λιμένα ἐβάδιζε τὴν Ἀρέθουσαν, ἔνθα δή οἱ τὸ πλοῖον ὡρμίζετο, πυνθανόμενός τε τοῦ ἀνθρώπου συχνὰ καὶ διερευνώμενος ἕκαστα. ἐσβὰς δὲ ξὺν αὐτῷ ἐς τὴν ναῦν αἴρεσθαί τε τὰ ἱστία ἐκέλευσε καὶ πλεῖν κατὰ τάχος ἐς Καύκανα. [12] καὶ ἐπεὶ ὁ τοῦ οἰκέτου δεσπότης ἐπὶ τῆς ἠιόνος θαυμάζων εἱστήκει ὅτι οἱ οὐκ ἀπεδίδου τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀναβοήσας Προκόπιος, πλεούσης ἤδη τῆς νεώς, παρῃτεῖτο μή οἱ χαλεπῶς ἔχειν: [13] χρῆναι γὰρ τὸν οἰκέτην τῷ τε στρατηγῷ συμμῖξαι καὶ ἐς τὴν Λιβύην τῷ στρατῷ καθηγησάμενον οὐκ ἐς μακρὰν εἰς τὰς Συρακούσας ἐπανήκειν, χρήματα μεγάλα περιβαλλόμενον. [14] Ἀφικόμενοι δὲ ἐς τὰ Καύκανα εὑρίσκουσιν ἅπαντας ἐν πένθει μεγάλῳ. Δωρόθεος γὰρ ὁ τῶν ἐν Ἀρμενίοις καταλόγων στρατηγὸς ἐνταῦθα ἐτετελευτήκει, πολὺν αὑτοῦ πόθον τῷ παντὶ στρατοπέδῳ ἀπολιπών. [15] Βελισάριος δέ, ἐπεί οἱ ὅ τε οἰκέτης ἐς ὄψιν ἦλθε καὶ τὸν πάντα λόγον ἔφρασε, περιχαρὴς γενόμενος καὶ Προκόπιον πολλὰ ἐπαινέσας, ἐκέλευσε σημῆναι τὸν ἀπόπλουν ταῖς σάλπιγξιν. [16] ἀράμενοί τε κατὰ τάχος τὰ ἱστία, Γαύλῳ τε καὶ Μελίτῃ ταῖς νήσοις προσέσχον, αἳ τό τε Ἀδριατικὸν καὶ Τυρρηνικὸν πέλαγος διορίζουσιν. [17] ἔνθα δὴ αὐτοῖς Εὔρου πολύ τι πνεῦμα ἐπιπεσὸν τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ τὰς ναῦς ἐς τὴν Λιβύης ἀκτὴν ἤνεγκεν ἐς χωρίον, ὃ δὴ Κεφαλὴν Βράχους τῇ σφετέρᾳ γλώσσῃ καλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι. Καπούτβαδα γὰρ ὁ τόπος προσαγορεύεται, πέντε ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν εὐζώνῳ ἀνδρὶ Καρχηδόνος διέχων.
XIV
And as soon as Belisarius had disembarked upon the island, he began to feel restless, knowing not how to proceed, and his mind was tormented by the thought that he did not know what sort of men the Vandals were against whom he was going, and how strong they were in war, or in what manner the Romans would have to wage the war, or what place would be their base of operations. But most of all he was disturbed by the soldiers, who were in mortal dread of sea-fighting and had no shame in saying beforehand that, if they should be disembarked on the land, they would try to show themselves brave men in the battle, but if hostile ships assailed them, they would turn to flight; for, they said, they were not able to contend against two enemies at once, both men and water. Being at a loss, therefore, because of all these things, he sent Procopius, his adviser, to Syracuse, to find out whether the enemy had any ships in ambush keeping watch over the passage across the sea, either on the island or on the continent, and where it would be best for them to anchor in Libya, and from what point as base it would be advantageous for them to start in carrying on the war against the Vandals. And he bade him, when he should have accomplished his commands, return and meet him at the place called Caucana, about two hundred stades distant from Syracuse, where both he and the whole fleet were to anchor. But he let it be understood that he was sending him to buy provisions, since the Goths were willing to give them a market, this having been decided upon by the Emperor Justinian and Amalasountha, the mother of Antalaric, who was at that time a boy being reared under the care of his mother, Amalasountha, and held sway over both the Goths and the Italians. For when Theoderic had died and the kingdom came to his nephew, Antalaric, who had already before this lost his father, Amalasountha was fearful both for her child and for the kingdom and cultivated the friendship of Justinian very carefully, and she gave heed to his commands in all matters and at that time promised to provide a market for his army and did so.
Delphi Complete Works of Procopius Page 377