Now when Procopius reached Syracuse, he unexpectedly met a man who had been a fellow-citizen and friend of his from childhood, who had been living in Syracuse for a long time engaged in the shipping business, and he learned from him what he wanted; for this man showed him a domestic who had three days before that very day come from Carthage, and he said that they need not suspect that there would be any ambush set for the fleet by the Vandals. For from no one in the world had they learned that an army was coming against them at that time, but all the active men among the Vandals had actually a little before gone on an expedition against Godas. And for this reason Gelimer, with no thought of an enemy in his mind and regardless of Carthage and all the other places on the sea, was staying in Hermione, which is in Byzacium, four days’ journey distant from the coast; so that it was possible for them to sail without fearing any difficulty and to anchor wherever the wind should call them. When Procopius heard this, he took the hand of the domestic and walked to the harbour of Arethousa where his boat lay at anchor, making many enquiries of the man and searching out every detail. And going on board the ship with him, he gave orders to raise the sails and to make all speed for Caucana. And since the master of the domestic stood on the shore wondering that he did not give him back the man, Procopius shouted out, when the ship was already under way, begging him not to be angry with him; for it was necessary that the domestic should meet the general, and, after leading the army to Libya, would return after no long time to Syracuse with much money in his pocket.
But upon coming to Caucana they found all in deep grief. For Dorotheus, the general of the troops of Armenia, had died there, leaving to the whole army a great sense of loss. But Belisarius, when the domestic had come before him and related his whole story, became exceedingly glad, and after bestowing many praises upon Procopius, he issued orders to give the signal for departure with the trumpets. And setting sail quickly they touched at the islands of Gaulus and Melita, which mark the boundary between the Adriatic and Tuscan Seas. There a strong east wind arose for them, and on the following day it carried the ships to the point of Libya, at the place which the Romans call in their own tongue “Shoal’s Head.” For its name is “Caputvada,” and it is five days’ journey from Carthage for an unencumbered traveller.
Ἐπεὶ δὲ τῆς ἠιόνος ἀγχοῦ ἐγένοντο, τά τε ἱστία κατατίθεσθαι ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐκέλευε καὶ ἀγκύρας ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν ἀπορριψαμένους ἀνακωχεύειν, τούς τε ἄρχοντας συγκαλέσας ἐς τὴν αὑτοῦ ναῦν ξύμπαντας βουλὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀποβάσεως προὔθηκεν. [2] ἔνθα δὴ ἄλλοι τε λόγοι πολλοὶ ἐλέχθησαν ἐφ̓ ἑκάτερα φέροντες καὶ παρελθὼν Ἀρχέλαος ἔλεξε τοιάδε: ‘Τοῦ μὲν στρατηγοῦ τὴν ἀρετὴν ἄγαμαι, ὃς καὶ γνώμῃ παρὰ πολὺ νικῶν ξύμπαντας καὶ τῆς ἐμπειρίας ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἥκων, ἔχων τε τὸ κράτος αὐτός, ἐς μέσον μὲν τὴν βουλὴν προὔθηκε, κελεύει δὲ λέγειν ἡμῶν ἕκαστον, ὥστε ὅπη ἂν ἄριστα ἔχειν δοκῇ ἑλέσθαι ἡμῖν δυνατοῖς εἶναι, παρὸν αὐτῷ γνῶναί τε μόνῳ τὰ δέοντα καὶ κατ̓ ἐξουσίαν ἐξηγεῖσθαι ᾗ βούλοιτο. [3] ὑμῶν δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες ἄρχοντες ῾οὐκ οἶδα ὅπως ἂν εἴποιμι εὐπετῶς᾿, θαυμάσειεν ἄν τις ὅτι μὴ πρῶτος αὐτὸς ἕκαστος πρὸς τὴν ἀπόβασιν ἀπειπεῖν ἔσπευσε. [4] καίτοι ἐπίσταμαι ὡς τὸ εἰσηγεῖσθαί τι τοῖς ἐς κίνδυνον καθισταμένοις ὄνησιν μὲν τῷ παραινέσαντι οὐδεμίαν ἰδίᾳ φέρει, ἐς αἰτίαν δὲ ὡς τὰ πολλὰ περιίσταται. [5] οἱ γὰρ ἄνθρωποι καλῶς μὲν φερόμενοι εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν γνώμην ἢ τύχην ἀναφέρουσι τὰ πρασσόμενα, σφαλέντες δὲ τὸν παραινέσαντα αἰτιῶνται μόνον. [6] εἰρήσεται δὲ ὅμως. αἰτίαν γὰρ ὑποστείλασθαι τοὺς περὶ σωτηρίας βουλευομένους οὐχ ὅσιον. [7] βουλεύεσθε ἐς τὴν πολεμίαν ἀποβαίνειν, ἄνδρες ἄρχοντες: τίνι λιμένι παρακαταθέσθαι τὰς ναῦς ἐννοοῦντες; ἢ τίνος πόλεως τείχει τὸ ἐχυρὸν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ἕξοντες; [8] ἢ οὐκ ἀκηκόατε ὡς ταύτην μὲν τὴν ἀκτὴν ἐννέα ἡμερῶν ὁδόν, λέγω δὲ εἰς Ἰούκην ἐκ Καρχηδόνος, κατατείνειν φασίν, ἀλίμενόν τε παντελῶς οὖσαν καὶ τοῖς ἀνέμοις ὅθεν ἂν ἐπιπνεύσαιεν ἐκκειμένην; [9] τεῖχος δὲ οὐδὲν ἐς πᾶσαν Λιβύην ὅτι μὴ τὸ Καρχηδόνος ἀπολέλειπται, [10] τοῦτο Γιζερίχου βουλεύσαντος. προσθείη δὲ ἄν τις ὡς καὶ τούτῳ τῷ χωρίῳ ὕδωρ τὸ παράπαν ἐνδεῖν λέγουσι. φέρε γάρ, εἰ δοκεῖ, καί τι τῶν ἐναντίων ὑποθέμενοι τὴν διάγνωσιν ποιησώμεθα. [11] τοὺς γὰρ ἐς ἀγῶνας καθισταμένους μηδὲν προσδοκᾶν δύσκολον οὔτε ἀνθρώπινον οὔτε τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων φύσεως ἄξιον. [12] ἢν οὖν ἀποβεβηκότων ἡμῶν εἰς τὴν ἤπειρον χειμὼν ἐπιπέσοι, οὐκ ἀνάγκη δυοῖν θάτερον ταῖς ναυσὶ ξυμβῆναι, ἢ ὡς ἀπωτάτω διαφυγεῖν, ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκτῆς ἀπολωλέναι ταύτης; [13] εἶτα τίς ἡμῖν τῶν ἀναγκαίων γενήσεται πόρος; μηδεὶς ἐς ἐμὲ βλεπέτω τὸν τῆς δαπάνης χορηγὸν ἔπαρχον. ἀρχὴν γὰρ πᾶσαν τῆς ὑπουργίας ἐστερημένην ἐπάναγκες ἐς ὄνομά τε καὶ πρόσωπον ἰδιώτου ἀποκεκρίσθαι. [14] ποῦ δὲ ἡμῖν τῶν ὅπλων τὰ περιττὰ καταθεμένοις ἢ ἄλλο τι τῶν ἀναγκαίων δέχεσθαι δεήσει προσιόντα τὸν βάρβαρον; ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν οὐδὲ λέγειν καλὸν ὅπη ἐκβήσεται. [15] ἐγὼ δὲ ἡγοῦμαι χρῆναι ἡμᾶς εὐθὺ Καρχηδόνος ἰέναι. λιμένα γὰρ οὐ πλεῖον ἢ τεσσαράκοντα σταδίους αὐτῆς διέχοντα εἶναί φασιν, ὃν δὴ Στάγνον καλοῦσιν, ἀφύλακτόν τε παντάπασιν ὄντα καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἅπαντα στόλον ἱκανῶς πεφυκότα. ὅθεν δὴ ὁρμωμένοις ἡμῖν τὸν πόλεμον διενεγκεῖν οὐ χαλεπὸν ἔσται. [16] οἶμαι δὲ ἔγωγε ὡς Καρχηδόνος τε ἡμᾶς ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς κρατήσειν εἰκός, ἄλλως τε καὶ μακρὰν αὐτῆς ἀπολελειμμένων τῶν πολεμίων, καὶ κρατήσασιν οὐδὲν τοῦ λοιποῦ μοχθηρὸν ἔσεσθαι. [17] τὰ γὰρ ἀνθρώπεια πάντα κατειλημμένων τῶν κεφαλαίων καταρρεῖν οὐκ ἐς μακρὰν εἴωθεν. ὧν δὴ πάντων ἡμᾶς ἐνθυμουμένους τὰ βέλτιστα αἱρεῖσθαι προσήκει.’ Ἀρχέλαος μὲν τοσαῦτα εἶπε. [18] Βελισάριος δὲ ἔλεξεν ὧδε: ‘Μηδεὶς ὑμῶν, ὦ ξυνάρχοντες, ἐπιγνώμονος εἶναι τοὺς λόγους οἰέσθω, μηδὲ διὰ τοῦτο ἐν ὑστάτῳ εἰρῆσθαι, ὥστε αὐτοῖς ἕπεσθαι, ὁποῖοί ποτ̓ ἂν ὦσιν, ἀναγκαῖον ἅπασ�
� γίγνεσθαι. [19] ὅσα μὲν γὰρ ὑμῶν ἑκάστῳ δοκεῖ ἄριστα εἶναι ἀκήκοα: προσήκει δὲ καὶ ἐμὲ ὅσα γινώσκω ἐς μέσον ἐξενεγκόντα οὕτω σὺν ὑμῖν ἑλέσθαι τὰ κρείσσω. [20] ἐκεῖνο δὲ ὑπομνῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἄξιον, ὡς ὀλίγῳ πρότερον οἱ μὲν στρατιῶται δεδιέναι τε τοὺς ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ κινδύνους ἄντικρυς ἔλεγον καὶ ὡς ἐς φυγὴν τρέψονται, ἢν ναῦς πολεμία ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς ἴοι, ἡμεῖς δὲ τὸν θεὸν ᾐτοῦμεν γῆν τὴν Λιβύης καὶ τὴν ἐς ταύτην ἀπόβασιν εἰρηναίαν ἡμῖν ἐπιδεῖξαι. [21] τούτων δὲ τοιούτων ὄντων, ἀξυνέτων ἀνδρῶν ἡγοῦμαι εἶναι εὔχεσθαι μὲν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λαβεῖν τὰ βελτίονα, δεδομένων δὲ αὐτῶν ἀποσείεσθαί τε καὶ ἀπ̓ ἐναντίας ἰέναι. [22] ἢν δὲ καὶ πλέουσιν ἡμῖν εὐθὺ Καρχηδόνος στόλος ἀπαντήσῃ πολέμιος, τοῖς μὲν στρατιώταις κατὰ κράτος φεύγουσι τὸ μὴ μεμπτοῖς εἶναι λελείψεται: ἁμάρτημα γὰρ προρρηθὲν τὴν ἀπολογίαν ἐφ̓ ἑαυτοῦ φέρει: ἡμῖν δὲ καὶ διασωθεῖσιν οὐδεμία συγγνώμη. [23] πολλῶν δὲ ὄντων, ἢν ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ μένωμεν, δυσχερῶν, ἐκεῖνο μόνον ἱκανῶς, οἶμαι, λελέξεται, ᾧ μάλιστα δεδίττεσθαι ἡμᾶς ἀξιοῦσι, τὸν χειμῶνα ἐπανασείοντες. [24] ἢν γάρ τις ἐπιπέσοι χειμών, ἀνάγκη ταῖς ναυσίν, ὥσπερ φασί, δυοῖν ξυμβῆναι τὸ ἕτερον, ἢ πόρρω που τῆς Λιβύης διαφυγεῖν, ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκτῆς διαφθαρῆναι ταύτης. [25] τί τοίνυν ὡς ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ἑλομένοις ἡμῖν μᾶλλον ξυνοίσει; μόνας διεφθάρθαι τὰς ναῦς, ἢ αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἅπαντα ἀπολωλέναι τὰ πράγματα; χωρὶς δὲ τούτων νῦν μὲν ἀπαρασκεύοις ἐπιπεσόντες τοῖς πολεμίοις κατὰ νοῦν, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἀπαλλάξομεν: τὰ γὰρ πολέμια τῷ ἀπροσδοκήτῳ δουλοῦσθαι πέφυκε: [26] μικρὸν δὲ ὕστερον ἤδη τῶν πολεμίων ἐν παρασκευῇ γεγονότων ἐξ ἀντιπάλου ἡμῖν τῆς δυνάμεως ὁ ἀγὼν ἔσται. [27] προσθείη δὲ ἄν τις ὡς καὶ ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς ἴσως ἀγωνιεῖσθαι δεήσει τῆς ἀποβάσεως, ἐκεῖνά τε ζητεῖν ἃ νῦν παρόντα ἡμῖν ὡς οὐκ ἀναγκαῖα ἐς βουλὴν ἔρχεται. [28] ἢν δὲ καὶ χειμὼν τηνικαῦτα ἀγωνιζομένοις ἡμῖν ἐπιγένηται, ὡς τὰ πολλὰ ἐν θαλάσσῃ φιλεῖ γίνεσθαι, πρός τε τὰ κύματα καὶ τοὺς Βανδίλους διαμαχόμενοι μεταμαθεῖν τὴν εὐβουλίαν εἰσόμεθα. [29] φημὶ δὴ ἔγωγε χρῆναι ἀποβῆναι μὲν ἡμᾶς ἐς τὴν ἤπειρον αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα, ἵππους τε ἀποβιβάζοντας καὶ ὅπλα καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο ἐς τὴν χρείαν ἡμῖν ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι οἰόμεθα, τάφρον δὲ κατὰ τάχος ὀρύξαι καὶ χαράκωμα περιβαλεῖν οὐδέν τι ἧσσον ὅτου τις ἂν εἴποι τείχους εἰς ἀσφάλειαν ἡμῖν συντελέσαι δυνάμενον, ἐκεῖθεν δὲ ὁρμωμένους τὸν πόλεμον, [30] ἤν τις ἐπίοι, διενεγκεῖν. ἐπιλείψει δὲ ἡμᾶς ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς γινομένους τῶν ἐπιτηδείων οὐδέν. τοῖς γὰρ κρατοῦσι τῶν πολεμίων τὸ κυρίοις εἶναι τῶν ἐκείνοις προσηκόντων ξυμβαίνει, καὶ ἡ νίκη πάντα περιβαλομένη τὰ χρήματα, ἔνθα ἂν κλίνῃ, κατατίθεσθαι πέφυκεν. ὥστε ὑμῖν ἥ τε σωτηρία καὶ ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν περιουσία ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ κεῖται.’ [31] Ταῦτα Βελισαρίου εἰπόντος ξυνέφασάν τε καὶ ἀπεδέξαντο ἅπας ὁ ξύλλογος, καὶ διαλυθέντες ὡς τάχιστα τὴν ἀπόβασιν ἐποιήσαντο τρισὶ μάλιστα μησὶν ὕστερον ἢ αὐτοῖς ἐκ Βυζαντίου ὁ ἀπόπλους ἐγένετο. [32] καὶ δείξας τι χωρίον ἐπὶ τῆς ἠιόνος ὁ στρατηγὸς τοῖς τε στρατιώταις καὶ ναύταις ἐκέλευε τήν τε τάφρον ὀρύσσειν καὶ τὸ χαράκωμα περιβάλλεσθαι. [33] οἱ δὲ κατὰ ταῦτα ἐποίουν. ἅτε δὲ ὄχλου πολλοῦ ἐργαζομένου καὶ τοῦ φόβου τὴν προθυμίαν ἐγείροντος καὶ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ ἐγκελευομένου, αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἥ τε τάφρος ὀρώρυκτο καὶ τὸ χαράκωμα ξυντετέλεστο καὶ οἱ σκόλοπες κύκλῳ πανταχόθεν ξυνεπεπήχατο. [34] ἔνθα δὴ καί τι τοῖς τὴν τάφρον ὀρύσσουσι τετύχηκε θαυμάσιον ἡλίκον. ὕδατος πολύ τι χρῆμα ἡ γῆ ἀνῆκεν, οὐ γεγονὸς τοῦτο ἐν Βυζακίῳ πρότερον, ἄλλως τε καὶ τοῦ χωρίου ἀνύδρου ὄντος. [35] τοῦτο δὴ τὸ ὕδωρ ἐς πᾶσαν χρείαν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἐπήρκεσε. καὶ συνηδόμενος τῷ στρατηγῷ Προκόπιος ἔλεγεν ὡς οὐ διὰ τὴν χρείαν τῇ τοῦ ὕδατος περιουσίᾳ χαίροι, ἀλλ̓ ὅτι οἱ ξύμβολον εἶναι δοκεῖ νίκης ἀπόνου καὶ τοῦτο σφίσι προλέγειν τὸ θεῖον. [36] ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ἐγένετο. τὴν μὲν οὖν νύκτα ἐκείνην οἱ στρατιῶται ξύμπαντες ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ ηὐλίσαντο, φύλακάς τε καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ᾗπερ εἰώθει ποιούμενοι, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι τοξότας πέντε ἐν νηὶ ἑκάστῃ Βελισάριος ἐκέλευσε μεῖναι φυλακῆς ἕνεκα, καὶ τοὺς δρόμωνας ἐν κύκλῳ αὐτῶν ὁρμίζεσθαι, φυλασσομένους μή τις ἐπ̓ αὐτὰς κακουργήσων ἴοι.
XV
And when they came near the shore, the general bade them furl the sails, throw out anchors from the ships, and make a halt; and calling together all the commanders to his own ship, he opened a discussion with regard to the disembarkation. Thereupon many speeches were made inclining to either side, and Archelaus came forward and spoke as follows:
“I admire, indeed, the virtue of our general, who, while surpassing all by far in judgment and possessing the greatest wealth of experience, and at the same time holding the power alone, has proposed an open discussion and bids each one of us speak, so that we shall be able to choose whichever course seems best, though it is possible for him to decide alone on what is needful and at his leisure to put it into execution as he wishes. But as for you, my fellow officers — I do not know how I am to say it easily — one might wonder that each one did not hasten to be the first to oppose the disembarkation. And yet I understand that the making of suggestions to those who are entering upon a perilous course brings no personal advantage to him who offers the advice, but as a general thing results in bringing blame upon him. For when things go well for men, they attribute their success to their own judgment or to fortune, but when they fail, they blame
only the one who has advised them. Nevertheless I shall speak out. For it is not right for those who deliberate about safety to shrink from blame. You are purposing to disembark on the enemy’s land, fellow-officers; but in what harbour are you planning to place the ships in safety? Or in what city’s wall will you find security for yourselves? Have you not then heard that this promontory — I mean from Carthage to Iouce — extends, they say, for a journey of nine days, altogether without harbours and lying open to the wind from whatever quarter it may blow? And not a single walled town is left in all Libya except Carthage, thanks to the decision of Gizeric. And one might add that in this place, they say, water is entirely lacking. Come now, if you wish, let us suppose that some adversity befall us, and with this in view make the decision. For that those who enter into contests of arms should expect no difficulty is not in keeping with human experience nor with the nature of things. If, then, after we have disembarked upon the mainland, a storm should fall upon us, will it not be necessary that one of two things befall the ships, either that they flee away as far as possible, or perish upon this promontory? Secondly, what means will there be of supplying us with necessities? Let no one look to me as the officer charged with the maintenance of the army. For every official, when deprived of the means of administering his office, is of necessity reduced to the name and character of a private person. And where shall we deposit our superfluous arms or any other part of our necessaries when we are compelled to receive the attack of the barbarians? Nay, as for this, it is not well even to say how it will turn out. But I think that we ought to make straight for Carthage. For they say that there is a harbour called Stagnum not more than forty stades distant from that city, which is entirely unguarded and large enough for the whole fleet. And if we make this the base of our operations, we shall carry on the war without difficulty. And I, for my part, think it likely that we shall win Carthage by a sudden attack, especially since the enemy are far away from it, and that after we have won it we shall have no further trouble. For it is a way with all men’s undertakings that when the chief point has been captured, they collapse after no long time. It behoves us, therefore, to bear in mind all these things and to choose the best course.” So spoke Archelaus.
Delphi Complete Works of Procopius Page 378